Knelstrom Intelligence · World Factbook
Trinidad and Tobago
CapitalPort of Spain
Population1,367,764
GDP$25.9bn
Area5,128 km²
RegionLatin America & Caribbean
Data sources current · last checked September 20, 2026 2:11 am
Country facts
Overview
Background
First colonized by the Spanish, Trinidad and Tobago came under British control in the early 19th century. The emancipation of enslaved people in 1834 disrupted the twin islands' sugar industry. Contract workers arriving from India between 1845 and 1917 augmented the labor force, which boosted sugar production as well as the cocoa industry. The discovery of oil on Trinidad in 1910 added another important export that remains the country's dominant industry. Trinidad and Tobago attained independence in 1962. The country is one of the most prosperous in the Caribbean, thanks largely to petroleum and natural gas production and processing. The government is struggling to reverse a surge in violent crime.
Reference: 1962, 1917, 1910Geography
Location
Caribbean, islands between the Caribbean Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northeast of Venezuela
Map references
Central America and the Caribbean
Area
total: 5,128 sq km
land: 5,128 sq km
water: 0 sq km
land: 5,128 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative
slightly smaller than Delaware
Land boundaries
total: 0 km
Coastline
362 km
Maritime claims
territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200 nm or to the outer edge of the continental margin
note: note: measured from claimed archipelagic baselines
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200 nm or to the outer edge of the continental margin
note: note: measured from claimed archipelagic baselines
Climate
tropical; rainy season (June to December)
Terrain
mostly plains with some hills and low mountains
Elevation
highest point: El Cerro del Aripo 940 m
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
mean elevation: 83 m
lowest point: Caribbean Sea 0 m
mean elevation: 83 m
Natural resources
petroleum, natural gas, asphalt
Land use
agricultural land: 10.5% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 4.9% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 4.3% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 1.4% (2023 est.)
forest: 44.2% (2023 est.)
other: 45.2% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 4.9% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 4.3% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 1.4% (2023 est.)
forest: 44.2% (2023 est.)
other: 45.2% (2023 est.)
Irrigated land
70 sq km (2012)
Reference: 2012Population distribution
population on Trinidad is concentrated in the western half of the island, on Tobago in the southern half
Natural hazards
outside usual path of hurricanes and other tropical storms
Geography - note
Pitch Lake, on Trinidad's southwestern coast, is the world's largest natural reservoir of asphalt
Population & Society
Nationality
noun: Trinidadian(s), Tobagonian(s)
adjective: Trinidadian, Tobagonian
note: note: Trinbagonian is used on occasion to describe a citizen of the country without specifying the island of origin
adjective: Trinidadian, Tobagonian
note: note: Trinbagonian is used on occasion to describe a citizen of the country without specifying the island of origin
Ethnic groups
East Indian 35.4%, African descent 34.2%, mixed - other 15.3%, mixed - African/East Indian 7.7%, other 1.3%, unspecified 6.2% (2011 est.)
Reference: 2011Languages
English (official), Trinidadian Creole English, Tobagonian Creole English, Caribbean Hindustani (a dialect of Hindi), Trinidadian Creole French, Spanish, Chinese
Religions
Protestant 32.1% (Pentecostal/Evangelical/Full Gospel 12%, Baptist 6.9%, Anglican 5.7%, Seventh Day Adventist 4.1%, Presbyterian/Congregational 2.5%, other Protestant 0.9%), Roman Catholic 21.6%, Hindu 18.2%, Muslim 5%, Jehovah's Witness 1.5%, other 8.4%, none 2.2%, unspecified 11.1% (2011 est.)
Reference: 2011Age structure
0-14 years: 18.7% (male 134,508/female 129,180)
15-64 years: 67.2% (male 481,606/female 465,150)
65 years and over: 14.1% (2024 est.) (male 92,146/female 106,376)
Reference: 202415-64 years: 67.2% (male 481,606/female 465,150)
65 years and over: 14.1% (2024 est.) (male 92,146/female 106,376)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio: 48.8 (2024 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 27.9 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 21 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio: 4.8 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024youth dependency ratio: 27.9 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 21 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio: 4.8 (2024 est.)
Median age
total: 38.5 years (2024 est.)
male: 38 years
female: 39 years
Reference: 2024male: 38 years
female: 39 years
Population growth rate
0.1% (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Birth rate
10.5 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Death rate
8.6 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Population distribution
population on Trinidad is concentrated in the western half of the island, on Tobago in the southern half
Major urban areas - population
545,000 PORT-OF-SPAIN (capital) (2023)
Reference: 2023Sex ratio
at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.87 male(s)/female
total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Reference: 20240-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.87 male(s)/female
total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio
54 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Gross reproduction rate
0.8 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Drinking water source
improved: total: total: 98.9% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 1.1% of population (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022unimproved: total: total: 1.1% of population (2022 est.)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 7% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 10.9% of national budget (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022, 2021Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 10.9% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
4.16 physicians/1,000 population (2021)
Reference: 2021Hospital bed density
1.6 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Reference: 2021Sanitation facility access
improved: total: total: 99.9% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022unimproved: total: total: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
18.6% (2016)
Reference: 2016Alcohol consumption per capita
total: 5.81 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer: 2.92 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 0.16 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 2.65 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0.09 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Reference: 2019beer: 2.92 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 0.16 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 2.65 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0.09 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
48.6% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Child marriage
women married by age 15: 0.7% (2022)
women married by age 18: 4.2% (2022)
Reference: 2022women married by age 18: 4.2% (2022)
Migration & Displacement
Immigrant/emigrant stock measures the number of international migrants resident in, or originating from, the country; it is not the same as annual immigration/emigration flows.
Refugees and internally displaced persons
refugees: 24,134 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Government & Politics
| Office | Holder | Affiliation | From | Status | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Head of government | Kamla Persad-Bissessar | — | 2025-05-01 | Current | Reported |
| Head of state | Christine Kangaloo | — | 2023-03-20 | Current | Reported |
Country name
conventional long form: Republic of Trinidad and Tobago
conventional short form: Trinidad and Tobago
etymology: explorer Christopher COLUMBUS named the larger island "La Isla de la Trinidad" (The Island of the Trinity) in 1498, possibly because of the three mountain peaks on the island; COLUMBUS may have gotten the name Tobago, spelled "tobaco" in Spanish, from the tobacco grown and smoked locally, or from its elongated cigar shape
conventional short form: Trinidad and Tobago
etymology: explorer Christopher COLUMBUS named the larger island "La Isla de la Trinidad" (The Island of the Trinity) in 1498, possibly because of the three mountain peaks on the island; COLUMBUS may have gotten the name Tobago, spelled "tobaco" in Spanish, from the tobacco grown and smoked locally, or from its elongated cigar shape
Capital
name: Port of Spain
geographic coordinates: 10 39 N, 61 31 W
time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: translation of the name the Spanish gave the town in 1595, Puerto de España; the name was anglicized after the British captured Trinidad in 1797
geographic coordinates: 10 39 N, 61 31 W
time difference: UTC-4 (1 hour ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: translation of the name the Spanish gave the town in 1595, Puerto de España; the name was anglicized after the British captured Trinidad in 1797
Administrative divisions
9 regions, 3 boroughs, 2 cities, 1 ward
regions: Couva/Tabaquite/Talparo, Diego Martin, Mayaro/Rio Claro, Penal/Debe, Princes Town, Sangre Grande, San Juan/Laventille, Siparia, Tunapuna/Piarco
borough: Arima, Chaguanas, Point Fortin
cities: Port of Spain, San Fernando
ward: Tobago
regions: Couva/Tabaquite/Talparo, Diego Martin, Mayaro/Rio Claro, Penal/Debe, Princes Town, Sangre Grande, San Juan/Laventille, Siparia, Tunapuna/Piarco
borough: Arima, Chaguanas, Point Fortin
cities: Port of Spain, San Fernando
ward: Tobago
Legal system
English common law; Supreme Court reviews legislative acts
Constitution
history: previous 1962; latest 1976
amendment process: proposed by Parliament; passage of amendments affecting constitutional provisions, such as human rights and freedoms or citizenship, requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the membership of both houses and assent of the president; passage of amendments, such as the powers and authorities of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government, and the procedure for amending the constitution, requires at least three-quarters majority vote by the House membership, two-thirds majority vote by the Senate membership, and assent of the president
Reference: 1976, 1962amendment process: proposed by Parliament; passage of amendments affecting constitutional provisions, such as human rights and freedoms or citizenship, requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the membership of both houses and assent of the president; passage of amendments, such as the powers and authorities of the executive, legislative, and judicial branches of government, and the procedure for amending the constitution, requires at least three-quarters majority vote by the House membership, two-thirds majority vote by the Senate membership, and assent of the president
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Citizenship
citizenship by birth: yes
citizenship by descent only: yes
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: 8 years
citizenship by descent only: yes
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: 8 years
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch
chief of state: President Christine KANGALOO (since 20 March 2023)
head of government: Prime Minister Kamla Susheila PERSAD-BISSESSAR (since 1 May 2025)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed from among members of Parliament
election/appointment process: president indirectly elected by an electoral college of selected Senate and House of Representatives members for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); the president usually appoints the leader of the majority party in the House of Representatives as prime minister
most recent election date: 20 January 2023
election results: 2023: Christine KANGALOO elected president by the electoral college on 20 January 2023; electoral college vote Christine KANGALOO (PNM) 48, Israel KHAN (UNC) 22
2018: Paula-Mae WEEKES (independent) elected president; ran unopposed and was elected without a vote; she was Trinidad and Tabago's first female head of state
expected date of next election: by February 2028
Reference: 2028, 2025, 2023, 2018head of government: Prime Minister Kamla Susheila PERSAD-BISSESSAR (since 1 May 2025)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed from among members of Parliament
election/appointment process: president indirectly elected by an electoral college of selected Senate and House of Representatives members for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); the president usually appoints the leader of the majority party in the House of Representatives as prime minister
most recent election date: 20 January 2023
election results: 2023: Christine KANGALOO elected president by the electoral college on 20 January 2023; electoral college vote Christine KANGALOO (PNM) 48, Israel KHAN (UNC) 22
2018: Paula-Mae WEEKES (independent) elected president; ran unopposed and was elected without a vote; she was Trinidad and Tabago's first female head of state
expected date of next election: by February 2028
Legislative branch
legislature name: Parliament
legislative structure: bicameral
note: note: Tobago has a unicameral House of Assembly (19 seats; 15 assemblymen directly elected by simple majority vote and 4 appointed councilors - 3 on the advice of the chief secretary and 1 on the advice of the minority leader; members serve 4-year terms)
legislative structure: bicameral
note: note: Tobago has a unicameral House of Assembly (19 seats; 15 assemblymen directly elected by simple majority vote and 4 appointed councilors - 3 on the advice of the chief secretary and 1 on the advice of the minority leader; members serve 4-year terms)
Legislative branch - lower chamber
chamber name: House of Representatives
number of seats: 42 (all directly elected)
electoral system: plurality/majority
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 5 years
most recent election date: 4/28/2025
parties elected and seats per party: United National Congress (UNC) (26); People's National Movement (PNM) (13); Other (2)
percentage of women in chamber: 23.8%
expected date of next election: April 2030
Reference: 2030, 2025number of seats: 42 (all directly elected)
electoral system: plurality/majority
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 5 years
most recent election date: 4/28/2025
parties elected and seats per party: United National Congress (UNC) (26); People's National Movement (PNM) (13); Other (2)
percentage of women in chamber: 23.8%
expected date of next election: April 2030
Legislative branch - upper chamber
chamber name: Senate
number of seats: 31 (all appointed)
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 5 years
most recent election date: 5/23/2025
percentage of women in chamber: 25.8%
expected date of next election: May 2030
Reference: 2030, 2025number of seats: 31 (all appointed)
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 5 years
most recent election date: 5/23/2025
percentage of women in chamber: 25.8%
expected date of next election: May 2030
Judicial branch
highest court(s): Supreme Court of the Judicature (consists of a chief justice for both the Court of Appeal with 12 judges and the High Court with 24 judges)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the president after consultation with the prime minister and the parliamentary leader of the opposition; other judges appointed by the Judicial Legal Services Commission, headed by the chief justice and 5 members with judicial experience; all judges serve for life with mandatory retirement normally at age 65
subordinate courts: Courts of Summary Criminal Jurisdiction; Petty Civil Courts; Family Court
note: note: Trinidad and Tobago can file appeals beyond its Supreme Court to the Caribbean Court of Justice, with final appeal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the president after consultation with the prime minister and the parliamentary leader of the opposition; other judges appointed by the Judicial Legal Services Commission, headed by the chief justice and 5 members with judicial experience; all judges serve for life with mandatory retirement normally at age 65
subordinate courts: Courts of Summary Criminal Jurisdiction; Petty Civil Courts; Family Court
note: note: Trinidad and Tobago can file appeals beyond its Supreme Court to the Caribbean Court of Justice, with final appeal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)
Political parties
People's National Movement or PNM
United National Congress or UNC
Tobago People’s Party or Tobago
United National Congress or UNC
Tobago People’s Party or Tobago
Diplomatic representation in the US
chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Venessa RAMHIT-RAMROOP (since 4 June 2025)
chancery: 1708 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036-1975
telephone: [1] (202) 467-6490
FAX: [1] (202) 785-3130
email address and website: embdcinfo@foreign.gov.tt
https://foreign.gov.tt/missions-consuls/tt-missions-abroad/diplomatic-missions/embassy-washington-dc-us/
consulate(s) general: Miami, New York
Reference: 2025, 1975chancery: 1708 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036-1975
telephone: [1] (202) 467-6490
FAX: [1] (202) 785-3130
email address and website: embdcinfo@foreign.gov.tt
https://foreign.gov.tt/missions-consuls/tt-missions-abroad/diplomatic-missions/embassy-washington-dc-us/
consulate(s) general: Miami, New York
Diplomatic representation from the US
chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Jenifer NEIDHART de ORTIZ (since January 2025)
embassy: 15 Queen's Park West, Port of Spain
mailing address: 3410 Port of Spain Place, Washington DC 20521-3410
telephone: (868) 622-6371
FAX: (868) 822-5905
email address and website: ptspas@state.gov
https://tt.usembassy.gov/
embassy: 15 Queen's Park West, Port of Spain
mailing address: 3410 Port of Spain Place, Washington DC 20521-3410
telephone: (868) 622-6371
FAX: (868) 822-5905
email address and website: ptspas@state.gov
https://tt.usembassy.gov/
International organization participation
ACP, ACS, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club (associate), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Independence
31 August 1962 (from the UK)
Reference: 1962National holiday
Independence Day, 31 August (1962)
Reference: 1962Flag
description: red with a white-edged black diagonal band from the upper left to the lower right
meaning: the colors represent the elements of earth, water, and fire; black also stands for the wealth of the land and the dedication of the people; white for the sea, the purity of the country's aspirations, and equality; red for the sun, the vitality of the land, and the people's courage and friendliness
meaning: the colors represent the elements of earth, water, and fire; black also stands for the wealth of the land and the dedication of the people; white for the sea, the purity of the country's aspirations, and equality; red for the sun, the vitality of the land, and the people's courage and friendliness
National symbol(s)
scarlet ibis (bird of Trinidad), cocrico (bird of Tobago), chaconia flower
National color(s)
red, white, black
National coat of arms
designed in 1962, the coat of arms shows the scarlet ibis (national bird of Trinidad) and the cocrico (national bird of Tobago); they support a shield displaying two hummingbirds, because Trinidad is home to 18 species of the bird and is called the “Land of Hummingbirds;” three gold ships on a backdrop of national colors represent Christopher Columbus, who visited the islands; the three peaks in the lower left refer to Trinidad being named after the Holy Trinity and also represent a famous mountain; the image of a gold ship's wheel in front of a coconut palm was also used on the Great Seals of British Colonial Tobago; the gold helmet represents Queen Elizabeth II of England (ruler of the country at the time), and the national motto promotes harmony in diversity
Reference: 1962National anthem(s)
title: "Forged From the Love of Liberty"
lyrics/music: Patrick Stanislaus CASTAGNE
history: adopted 1962; song originally written as an anthem for the West Indies Federation; Trinidad and Tobago adopted it when the Federation dissolved
Reference: 1962lyrics/music: Patrick Stanislaus CASTAGNE
history: adopted 1962; song originally written as an anthem for the West Indies Federation; Trinidad and Tobago adopted it when the Federation dissolved
Government & Official Links
| Institution | Official website | X / Twitter | Verification |
|---|---|---|---|
| Trinidad and Tobago official website | Official website | — | Reported · source Checked September 20, 2026 |
Institutional accounts only; personal accounts of political office-holders are excluded.
Legislature & Elections
Legislature
| Name | Chamber | Seats | Electoral system |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parliament of Trinidad and Tobago | — | — | — |
Economy
Economic overview
high-income Caribbean economy; major hydrocarbon exporter; key tourism and finance sectors; high inflation and growing public debt; long foreign currency access delays; large foreign reserves and sovereign wealth fund
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024: $43.362 billion (2024 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $42.658 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $42.058 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $42.658 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $42.058 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP per capita
Real GDP per capita 2024: $31,700 (2024 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023: $31,200 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $30,800 (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Real GDP per capita 2023: $31,200 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $30,800 (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
agriculture: 0.8% (2023 est.)
industry: 35% (2023 est.)
services: 59.9% (2023 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
Reference: 2023industry: 35% (2023 est.)
services: 59.9% (2023 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
GDP - composition, by end use
household consumption: 78.9% (2017 est.)
government consumption: 16.4% (2017 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 19.8% (2021 est.)
investment in inventories: 0% (2021 est.)
exports of goods and services: 45.4% (2017 est.)
imports of goods and services: -48.7% (2017 est.)
Reference: 2021, 2017government consumption: 16.4% (2017 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 19.8% (2021 est.)
investment in inventories: 0% (2021 est.)
exports of goods and services: 45.4% (2017 est.)
imports of goods and services: -48.7% (2017 est.)
Agricultural products
chicken, fruits, coconuts, citrus fruits, maize, oranges, plantains, eggs, taro, mangoes/guavas (2023)
note: note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Reference: 2023note: note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Industries
petroleum and petroleum products, liquefied natural gas, methanol, ammonia, urea, steel products, beverages, food processing, cement, cotton textiles
Industrial production growth rate
-4.7% (2023 est.)
note: note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Reference: 2023note: note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Labor force
649,900 (2024 est.)
note: note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Reference: 2024note: note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
total: 11.1% (2024 est.)
male: 10.3% (2024 est.)
female: 12% (2024 est.)
note: note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Reference: 2024male: 10.3% (2024 est.)
female: 12% (2024 est.)
note: note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Remittances
Remittances 2024: 0.8% of GDP (2024 est.)
Remittances 2023: 0.8% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2022: 0.7% of GDP (2022 est.)
note: note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Remittances 2023: 0.8% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2022: 0.7% of GDP (2022 est.)
note: note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Budget
revenues: $5.698 billion (2019 est.)
expenditures: $7.822 billion (2019 est.)
note: note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenses converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Reference: 2019expenditures: $7.822 billion (2019 est.)
note: note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenses converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Public debt
Public debt 2016: 37% of GDP (2016 est.)
Reference: 2016Taxes and other revenues
16.7% (of GDP) (2019 est.)
note: note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
Reference: 2019note: note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
Current account balance
Current account balance 2024: $1.117 billion (2024 est.)
Current account balance 2023: $2.948 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: $4.967 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Current account balance 2023: $2.948 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: $4.967 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
Exports 2024: $11.087 billion (2024 est.)
Exports 2023: $11.545 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $17.584 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Exports 2023: $11.545 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $17.584 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - partners
USA 28%, China 7%, Guyana 5%, Chile 5%, Netherlands 5% (2023)
note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Exports - commodities
natural gas, alcohols, ammonia, crude petroleum, iron reductions (2023)
note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports
Imports 2024: $10.19 billion (2024 est.)
Imports 2023: $9.219 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $10.968 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Imports 2023: $9.219 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $10.968 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - partners
USA 29%, Guyana 27%, China 8%, Brazil 4%, Canada 3% (2023)
note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Imports - commodities
railway cargo containers, refined petroleum, cars, iron ore, excavation machinery (2023)
note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024: $5.601 billion (2024 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $6.256 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $6.832 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $6.256 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $6.832 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Exchange rates
Currency: Trinidad and Tobago dollars (TTD) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2024: 6.75 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 6.75 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 6.754 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 6.759 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020: 6.751 (2020 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Exchange rates 2024: 6.75 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 6.75 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 6.754 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 6.759 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020: 6.751 (2020 est.)
Trade
Current account balance
Current account balance 2024: $1.117 billion (2024 est.)
Current account balance 2023: $2.948 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: $4.967 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Current account balance 2023: $2.948 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: $4.967 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
Exports 2024: $11.087 billion (2024 est.)
Exports 2023: $11.545 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $17.584 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Exports 2023: $11.545 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $17.584 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - partners
USA 28%, China 7%, Guyana 5%, Chile 5%, Netherlands 5% (2023)
note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Exports - commodities
natural gas, alcohols, ammonia, crude petroleum, iron reductions (2023)
note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports
Imports 2024: $10.19 billion (2024 est.)
Imports 2023: $9.219 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $10.968 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Imports 2023: $9.219 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $10.968 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - partners
USA 29%, Guyana 27%, China 8%, Brazil 4%, Canada 3% (2023)
note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Imports - commodities
railway cargo containers, refined petroleum, cars, iron ore, excavation machinery (2023)
note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Energy & Resources
Electricity
installed generating capacity: 2.139 million kW (2023 est.)
consumption: 9.001 billion kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 492 million kWh (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023consumption: 9.001 billion kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 492 million kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources
fossil fuels: 99.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
solar: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023solar: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Coal
consumption: 6 metric tons (2022 est.)
imports: 2,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023, 2022imports: 2,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Petroleum
total petroleum production: 72,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
refined petroleum consumption: 26,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
crude oil estimated reserves: 242.982 million barrels (2021 est.)
Reference: 2023, 2021refined petroleum consumption: 26,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
crude oil estimated reserves: 242.982 million barrels (2021 est.)
Natural gas
production: 25.994 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
consumption: 15.316 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
exports: 10.737 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
proven reserves: 298.063 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
Reference: 2023, 2021consumption: 15.316 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
exports: 10.737 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
proven reserves: 298.063 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
Infrastructure
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 311,000 (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 21 (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 21 (2023 est.)
Health
Maternal mortality ratio
54 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 7% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 10.9% of national budget (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022, 2021Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 10.9% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
4.16 physicians/1,000 population (2021)
Reference: 2021Hospital bed density
1.6 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Reference: 2021Obesity - adult prevalence rate
18.6% (2016)
Reference: 2016Education
Rights, Freedoms & Society
Press & Media Freedom
V-Dem expert-coded/modelled source measures. Knelstrom does not create a press-freedom ranking or composite score.
LGBTQ+ Rights & Law
Concrete legal-status fields only; Knelstrom does not generate an LGBTQ rights score or country ranking.
Source: Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory (CC BY-SA 4.0). Community-edited legal-status summary; retrieved by Knelstrom and not legal advice.
Crime & Justice
Legal system
English common law; Supreme Court reviews legislative acts
Judicial branch
highest court(s): Supreme Court of the Judicature (consists of a chief justice for both the Court of Appeal with 12 judges and the High Court with 24 judges)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the president after consultation with the prime minister and the parliamentary leader of the opposition; other judges appointed by the Judicial Legal Services Commission, headed by the chief justice and 5 members with judicial experience; all judges serve for life with mandatory retirement normally at age 65
subordinate courts: Courts of Summary Criminal Jurisdiction; Petty Civil Courts; Family Court
note: note: Trinidad and Tobago can file appeals beyond its Supreme Court to the Caribbean Court of Justice, with final appeal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the president after consultation with the prime minister and the parliamentary leader of the opposition; other judges appointed by the Judicial Legal Services Commission, headed by the chief justice and 5 members with judicial experience; all judges serve for life with mandatory retirement normally at age 65
subordinate courts: Courts of Summary Criminal Jurisdiction; Petty Civil Courts; Family Court
note: note: Trinidad and Tobago can file appeals beyond its Supreme Court to the Caribbean Court of Justice, with final appeal to the Judicial Committee of the Privy Council (in London)
Military & Security
Military and security forces
Trinidad and Tobago Defense Force (TTDF): Trinidad and Tobago Regiment (Army/Land Forces), Trinidad and Tobago Coast Guard, Trinidad and Tobago Air Guard, Trinidad and Tobago Defense Force Reserves
Trinidad and Tobago Police Service (TTPS) (2025)
note: note: the Ministry of National Security oversees both the TTDF and the TTPS
Trinidad and Tobago Police Service (TTPS) (2025)
note: note: the Ministry of National Security oversees both the TTDF and the TTPS
Military expenditures
Military Expenditures 2024: 0.9% of GDP (2024 est.)
Military Expenditures 2023: 1% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military Expenditures 2022: 1% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military Expenditures 2021: 1% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military Expenditures 2020: 1% of GDP (2020 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Military Expenditures 2023: 1% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military Expenditures 2022: 1% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military Expenditures 2021: 1% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military Expenditures 2020: 1% of GDP (2020 est.)
Military and security service personnel strengths
approximately 5,000 Defense Forces (2025)
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
the TTDF's ground force inventory consists of light weapons, while the Coast Guard and Air Guard field mostly secondhand equipment from a mix of countries, including Australia, China, Italy, the Netherlands, the UK, and the US (2024)
Reference: 2024Military service age and obligation
18-25 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women (some age variations between services, reserves); no conscription (2024)
Reference: 2024Military - note
the primary responsibilities of the Trinidad and Tobago Defense Force (TTDF) are conducting border and maritime security, assisting civil authorities in times of crisis or disaster, providing search and rescue services, port security, and supporting civil law enforcement, particularly in countering gang-related crime and trafficking of narcotics and other illicit goods; the Police Service maintains internal security (2025)
International Relations
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Diplomatic representation in the US
chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Venessa RAMHIT-RAMROOP (since 4 June 2025)
chancery: 1708 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036-1975
telephone: [1] (202) 467-6490
FAX: [1] (202) 785-3130
email address and website: embdcinfo@foreign.gov.tt
https://foreign.gov.tt/missions-consuls/tt-missions-abroad/diplomatic-missions/embassy-washington-dc-us/
consulate(s) general: Miami, New York
Reference: 2025, 1975chancery: 1708 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20036-1975
telephone: [1] (202) 467-6490
FAX: [1] (202) 785-3130
email address and website: embdcinfo@foreign.gov.tt
https://foreign.gov.tt/missions-consuls/tt-missions-abroad/diplomatic-missions/embassy-washington-dc-us/
consulate(s) general: Miami, New York
Diplomatic representation from the US
chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Jenifer NEIDHART de ORTIZ (since January 2025)
embassy: 15 Queen's Park West, Port of Spain
mailing address: 3410 Port of Spain Place, Washington DC 20521-3410
telephone: (868) 622-6371
FAX: (868) 822-5905
email address and website: ptspas@state.gov
https://tt.usembassy.gov/
embassy: 15 Queen's Park West, Port of Spain
mailing address: 3410 Port of Spain Place, Washington DC 20521-3410
telephone: (868) 622-6371
FAX: (868) 822-5905
email address and website: ptspas@state.gov
https://tt.usembassy.gov/
International organization participation
ACP, ACS, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club (associate), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Treaties & Organisations
| Organisation | Status | Joined |
|---|---|---|
| Commonwealth of Nations (Commonwealth) | member | 1962-00-00 |
| United Nations (UN) | member | 1962-09-18 |
| World Trade Organization (WTO) | member | 1995-03-01 |
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
International organization participation
ACP, ACS, AOSIS, C, Caricom, CDB, CELAC, EITI (compliant country), FAO, G-24, G-77, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAES, MIGA, NAM, OAS, OPANAL, OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), Paris Club (associate), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Conflict & Security
Refugees and internally displaced persons
refugees: 24,134 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Terrorist group(s)
Tren de Aragua (TdA)
Transportation & Logistics
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
9Y
Airports
3 (2025)
Merchant marine
total: 102 (2023)
by type: general cargo 1, other 101
Reference: 2023by type: general cargo 1, other 101
Ports
total ports: 10 (2024)
large: 0
medium: 1
small: 4
very small: 5
ports with oil terminals: 8
key ports: Galeota Point Terminal, Point Lisas Industrial Port, Point Lisas Port, Pointe-a-Pierre, Port of Spain
Reference: 2024large: 0
medium: 1
small: 4
very small: 5
ports with oil terminals: 8
key ports: Galeota Point Terminal, Point Lisas Industrial Port, Point Lisas Port, Pointe-a-Pierre, Port of Spain
Environment
Environmental issues
water pollution from agricultural chemicals, industrial wastes, and raw sewage; widespread pollution of waterways and coastal areas; illegal dumping; deforestation; soil erosion; fisheries and wildlife depletion
International environmental agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Marine Life Conservation, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Reference: 2006signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Climate
tropical; rainy season (June to December)
Land use
agricultural land: 10.5% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 4.9% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 4.3% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 1.4% (2023 est.)
forest: 44.2% (2023 est.)
other: 45.2% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 4.9% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 4.3% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 1.4% (2023 est.)
forest: 44.2% (2023 est.)
other: 45.2% (2023 est.)
Urbanization
urban population: 53.4% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 0.23% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Reference: 2023, 2020rate of urbanization: 0.23% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions
total emissions: 33.629 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke: 6,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids: 3.634 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from consumed natural gas: 29.989 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023from coal and metallurgical coke: 6,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids: 3.634 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from consumed natural gas: 29.989 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Particulate matter emissions
10.4 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Reference: 2019Methane emissions
energy: 160.3 kt (2022-2024 est.)
agriculture: 4.1 kt (2019-2021 est.)
waste: 59.1 kt (2019-2021 est.)
other: 6 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2022, 2021, 2019agriculture: 4.1 kt (2019-2021 est.)
waste: 59.1 kt (2019-2021 est.)
other: 6 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Waste and recycling
municipal solid waste generated annually: 727,900 tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 16.2% (2022 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2022percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 16.2% (2022 est.)
Total water withdrawal
municipal: 237.6 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
industrial: 128.9 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
agricultural: 16.7 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022industrial: 128.9 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
agricultural: 16.7 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Total renewable water resources
3.84 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022Communications & Media
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 311,000 (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 21 (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 21 (2023 est.)
Broadcast media
6 free-to-air TV networks, 2 of which are state-owned; 24 subscription providers (cable and satellite); over 36 radio frequencies (2019)
Reference: 2019Internet country code
.tt
Historical Trends
Population
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View Population data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 1,353,895 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | 1,356,633 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | 1,359,193 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | 1,363,985 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | 1,366,725 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | 1,367,558 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | 1,365,805 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | 1,367,510 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 1,368,333 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | 1,367,764 | world_bank_wdi |
GDP (current US$)
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View GDP (current US$) data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | $23,624,322,193 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | $23,830,750,901 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | $23,883,058,083 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | $23,477,745,792 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | $20,888,515,184 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | $24,222,963,263 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | $28,341,164,301 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | $25,036,993,423 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | $25,633,544,529 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | $25,942,749,718 | world_bank_wdi |
International migrant stock (immigrants)
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View International migrant stock (immigrants) data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 78,849 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 113,478 | world_bank_wdi |
International emigrant stock
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View International emigrant stock data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 181,630 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 1995 | 188,536 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2000 | 281,792 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2005 | 291,912 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2010 | 314,851 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2015 | 323,450 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2020 | 310,552 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2024 | 323,630 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
Net migration
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View Net migration data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | -86 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | 1,445 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | 35,502 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | -19,251 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | 427 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | 5,749 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | 4,247 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | 2,126 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 1,334 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | 691 | world_bank_wdi |
Sources & Methodology
Current statistical observations include their reference period and provenance. Reference fields from approved source datasets are attributed below. Missing information is left unknown rather than inferred.
| Indicator | Value | Period | Source | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 1,367,764 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| UN Population Division population estimate | 1,513,268 | 2026 | UN Population Division Data Portal | Estimated |
| Wikidata population (fallback) | 1,369,125 | 2017 | Wikidata | Reported |
| International migrant stock (immigrants) | 113,478 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| International migrant stock | 7.5% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| International emigrant stock | 323,630 | 2024 | UN DESA International Migrant Stock 2024 | Estimated |
| Net migration | 691 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Refugees from this country | 576 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Asylum seekers from this country | 704 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Freedom of expression & alternative information index | 0.888 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Government censorship effort — media | 1.853 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Harassment of journalists | 2.563 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Print/broadcast media critical of government | 1.336 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Range of perspectives in major media | 1.930 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Media bias | 1.134 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Media self-censorship | 0.900 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Same-sex sexual activity | No Male illegal since 2025; Penalty: Up to 5-year prison sentence (not enforced, Court of Appeal ruling that reinstated buggery and gross indecency laws; previously struck down by lower court in 2018; appeal to Privy Council pending.); Yes Female always legal | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Recognition of same-sex relationships | No | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Same-sex marriage | No | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Same-sex adoption | No | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Open military service | No | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Sexual-orientation anti-discrimination law | Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Gender identity / expression law | No | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| GDP (current US$) | $25,942,749,718 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| GDP per capita (current US$) | $18,967 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| GDP growth | -0.8% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Inflation, consumer prices | 1.0% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Unemployment | 3.3% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Income level | High income | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Life expectancy at birth | 73.6 years | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Fertility rate | 1.5 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Urban population | 54.0% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Individuals using the Internet | 82.2% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Adult literacy rate | 96.9% | 1990 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Secondary school enrolment, gross | 95.7% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Government education expenditure | 3.2% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Access to electricity | 100.0% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Electric power consumption | 6,664 kWh/person | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Renewable energy consumption | 0.5% | 2021 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Current health expenditure | 7.5% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Infant mortality rate | 17.0 per 1,000 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Forest area | 44.2% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Mobile cellular subscriptions | 118.8 per 100 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Fixed broadband subscriptions | 27.0 per 100 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Secure Internet servers | 480 per million | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Latitude | 10.6596° | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Longitude | -61.4789° | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Latitude (Wikidata) | 10.6667° | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Longitude (Wikidata) | -61.5167° | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Time zone | UTC−04:00, America/Port_of_Spain | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Form of government | parliamentary republic | current | Wikidata | Reported |
Data attribution
Credits below are generated from sources actually used by this country profile. Source-specific terms take precedence.
- CIA World Factbook, final 2025 country profile (structured via factbook.json). Accessed September 20, 2026. U.S. Government public-domain data; retained as a reference source where a newer approved field is not available. Source · Terms/licence
- United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, International Migrant Stock 2024; data access/processing via Our World in Data. Accessed September 20, 2026. Underlying UN dataset used under CC BY 3.0 IGO. Source · Terms/licence
- United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, World Population Prospects (WPP indicator 49) Accessed September 19, 2026. Used under CC BY 3.0 IGO; current-year WPP population values are presented as estimates/projections where applicable. Source · Terms/licence
- Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem), Country-Year Dataset v16 (variables: v2mebias, v2mecenefm, v2mecrit, v2meharjrn, v2merange, v2meslfcen, v2x_freexp_altinf) Accessed September 20, 2026. Used under CC BY-SA 4.0; V-Dem measures are expert-coded/modelled and no V-Dem endorsement is implied. Source · Terms/licence
- Wikidata structured data (CC0). Accessed September 20, 2026. Attribution is provided by Knelstrom for provenance although CC0 does not require it. Source · Terms/licence
- Wikipedia, “LGBTQ rights by country or territory” (source revision/data fields: Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Gender identity / expression law, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Open military service, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Recognition of same-sex relationships, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex adoption, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex marriage, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex sexual activity, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Sexual-orientation anti-discrimination law) Accessed September 20, 2026. Used under CC BY-SA 4.0. Knelstrom changes formatting and presents the imported material as a community-edited legal-status summary, not legal advice or a Knelstrom rights score. Source · Terms/licence
- World Bank, World Development Indicators (series: AG.LND.FRST.ZS, country_metadata, EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS, EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS, EG.USE.ELEC.KH.PC, FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG, IT.CEL.SETS.P2, IT.NET.BBND.P2, IT.NET.SECR.P6, IT.NET.USER.ZS, NY.GDP.MKTP.CD, NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG, NY.GDP.PCAP.CD, SE.ADT.LITR.ZS, SE.SEC.ENRR, SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS, SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS, SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS, SM.POP.ASYS.EO, SM.POP.NETM, SM.POP.RHCR.EO, SM.POP.TOTL, SM.POP.TOTL.ZS, SP.DYN.IMRT.IN, SP.DYN.LE00.IN, SP.DYN.TFRT.IN, SP.POP.TOTL, SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS) Accessed September 20, 2026. Data used under CC BY 4.0; Knelstrom presentation/formatting may differ from the source. Source · Terms/licence
Knelstrom does not imply endorsement by any listed data provider.
Last automated statistical refresh: 2026-09-20 02:10:33