Knelstrom Intelligence · World Factbook
Sweden
Konungariket Sverige
CapitalStockholm
Population10,596,620
GDP$669.0bn
Area447,425 km²
RegionEurope & Central Asia
Data sources current · last checked September 20, 2026 2:11 am
Country facts
Overview
Background
A military power during the 17th century, Sweden maintained a policy of military non-alignment until it applied to join NATO in 2022. Sweden has not participated in any war for two centuries. Stockholm preserved an armed neutrality in both World Wars. Since then, Sweden has pursued a successful economic formula consisting of a capitalist system intermixed with substantial welfare elements. Sweden joined the EU in 1995, but the public rejected the introduction of the euro in a 2003 referendum. The share of Sweden’s population born abroad increased from 11.3% in 2000 to 20% in 2022.
Reference: 2022, 2003, 2000, 1995Geography
Location
Northern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, Gulf of Bothnia, Kattegat, and Skagerrak, between Finland and Norway
Map references
Europe
Area
total: 450,295 sq km
land: 410,335 sq km
water: 39,960 sq km
land: 410,335 sq km
water: 39,960 sq km
Area - comparative
almost three times the size of Georgia; slightly larger than California
Land boundaries
total: 2,211 km
border countries: Finland 545 km; Norway 1,666 km
border countries: Finland 545 km; Norway 1,666 km
Coastline
3,218 km
Maritime claims
territorial sea: 12 nm (adjustments made to return a portion of straits to high seas)
exclusive economic zone: agreed boundaries or midlines
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
exclusive economic zone: agreed boundaries or midlines
continental shelf: 200-m depth or to the depth of exploitation
Climate
temperate in south with cold, cloudy winters and cool, partly cloudy summers; subarctic in north
Terrain
mostly flat or gently rolling lowlands; mountains in west
Elevation
highest point: Kebnekaise South 2,100 m
lowest point: reclaimed bay of Lake Hammarsjon, near Kristianstad -2.4 m
mean elevation: 320 m
lowest point: reclaimed bay of Lake Hammarsjon, near Kristianstad -2.4 m
mean elevation: 320 m
Natural resources
iron ore, copper, lead, zinc, gold, silver, tungsten, uranium, arsenic, feldspar, timber, hydropower
Land use
agricultural land: 7.3% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 6.2% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 1.1% (2023 est.)
forest: 68.6% (2023 est.)
other: 23.8% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 6.2% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 1.1% (2023 est.)
forest: 68.6% (2023 est.)
other: 23.8% (2023 est.)
Irrigated land
510 sq km (2016)
Reference: 2016Major lakes (area sq km)
fresh water lake(s): Vanern - 5,580 sq km; Vattern - 1,910 sq km; Malaren - 1,140 sq km
Population distribution
most of the population lives in the south where the climate is milder and there is better connectivity to mainland Europe; population clusters are found along the Baltic coast in the east; the interior areas of the north remain sparsely populated
Natural hazards
ice floes in the surrounding waters, especially in the Gulf of Bothnia, can interfere with maritime traffic
Geography - note
strategic location along Danish Straits linking Baltic and North Seas; Sweden has almost 100,000 lakes, the largest of which, Vanern, is the third-largest in Europe
Population & Society
Nationality
noun: Swede(s)
adjective: Swedish
adjective: Swedish
Ethnic groups
Swedish 79.6%, Syrian 1.9%, Iraqi 1.4%, Finnish 1.3%, other 15.8%
(2022 est.)
note: note: data represent the population by country of birth; the indigenous Sami people are estimated to number between 20,000 and 40,000
Reference: 2022(2022 est.)
note: note: data represent the population by country of birth; the indigenous Sami people are estimated to number between 20,000 and 40,000
Languages
Languages: Swedish (official)
major-language sample(s): The World Factbook, den obestridliga källan för grundläggande information. (Swedish)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
note: note: Finnish, Sami, Romani, Yiddish, and Meankieli are official minority languages
major-language sample(s): The World Factbook, den obestridliga källan för grundläggande information. (Swedish)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
note: note: Finnish, Sami, Romani, Yiddish, and Meankieli are official minority languages
Religions
Church of Sweden (Lutheran) 53.9%, other (includes Roman Catholic, Orthodox, Baptist, Muslim, Jewish, and Buddhist) 8.9%, none or unspecified 37.2% (2021 est.)
note: note: estimates reflect registered members of faith communities eligible for state funding (not all religions are state-funded and not all people who identify with a particular religion are registered members) and the Church of Sweden
Reference: 2021note: note: estimates reflect registered members of faith communities eligible for state funding (not all religions are state-funded and not all people who identify with a particular religion are registered members) and the Church of Sweden
Age structure
0-14 years: 17.1% (male 934,668/female 880,310)
15-64 years: 62.1% (male 3,365,754/female 3,208,248)
65 years and over: 20.8% (2024 est.) (male 1,032,279/female 1,168,576)
Reference: 202415-64 years: 62.1% (male 3,365,754/female 3,208,248)
65 years and over: 20.8% (2024 est.) (male 1,032,279/female 1,168,576)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio: 61.1 (2024 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 27.6 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 33.5 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio: 3 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024youth dependency ratio: 27.6 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 33.5 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio: 3 (2024 est.)
Median age
total: 41.1 years (2024 est.)
male: 40.1 years
female: 42.1 years
Reference: 2024male: 40.1 years
female: 42.1 years
Population growth rate
0.51% (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Birth rate
10.7 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Death rate
9.6 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Population distribution
most of the population lives in the south where the climate is milder and there is better connectivity to mainland Europe; population clusters are found along the Baltic coast in the east; the interior areas of the north remain sparsely populated
Major urban areas - population
1.700 million STOCKHOLM (capital) (2023)
Reference: 2023Sex ratio
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.88 male(s)/female
total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Reference: 20240-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.88 male(s)/female
total population: 1.01 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth
29.7 years (2020 est.)
Reference: 2020Maternal mortality ratio
4 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Gross reproduction rate
0.8 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Drinking water source
improved: urban: urban: 99.8% of population (2022 est.)
improved: rural: rural: 99.6% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 99.7% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 0.2% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 0.4% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 0.3% of population (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022improved: rural: rural: 99.6% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 99.7% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 0.2% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 0.4% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 0.3% of population (2022 est.)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 10.7% of GDP (2022)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 19% of national budget (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 19% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
4.41 physicians/1,000 population (2021)
Reference: 2021Hospital bed density
2 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)
Reference: 2020Sanitation facility access
improved: urban: urban: 99.6% of population (2022 est.)
improved: rural: rural: 99.5% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 99.6% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 0.4% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 0.5% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 0.4% of population (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022improved: rural: rural: 99.5% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 99.6% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 0.4% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 0.5% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 0.4% of population (2022 est.)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
20.6% (2016)
Reference: 2016Alcohol consumption per capita
total: 7.1 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer: 2.6 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 3.4 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 1 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0.1 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Reference: 2019beer: 2.6 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 3.4 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 1 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0.1 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Tobacco use
total: 19.9% (2025 est.)
male: 25.8% (2025 est.)
female: 13.9% (2025 est.)
male: 25.8% (2025 est.)
female: 13.9% (2025 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
53.4% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 19 years (2023 est.)
male: 17 years (2023 est.)
female: 20 years (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023male: 17 years (2023 est.)
female: 20 years (2023 est.)
Migration & Displacement
Immigrant/emigrant stock measures the number of international migrants resident in, or originating from, the country; it is not the same as annual immigration/emigration flows.
Refugees and internally displaced persons
refugees: 168,519 (2024 est.)
stateless persons: 6,835 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024stateless persons: 6,835 (2024 est.)
Government & Politics
| Office | Holder | Affiliation | From | Status | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Head of government | Ulf Kristersson | — | 2022-10-18 | Current | Reported |
| Head of state | Carl XVI Gustaf of Sweden | — | 1973-09-15 | Current | Reported |
Country name
conventional long form: Kingdom of Sweden
conventional short form: Sweden
local long form: Konungariket Sverige
local short form: Sverige
etymology: name derives from the North Germanic Svea tribe that inhabited central Sweden; the tribe's name probably comes from the Old German word sweba, meaning "independent;" the local form of the country's name, Sverige, means "kingdom of the Svea"
conventional short form: Sweden
local long form: Konungariket Sverige
local short form: Sverige
etymology: name derives from the North Germanic Svea tribe that inhabited central Sweden; the tribe's name probably comes from the Old German word sweba, meaning "independent;" the local form of the country's name, Sverige, means "kingdom of the Svea"
Capital
name: Stockholm
geographic coordinates: 59 20 N, 18 03 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
etymology: the name of the city probably comes from the Swedish words stak (bay) or stock (stake or pole) and holm (island); it was built in the mid-13th century on the site of a fishing village, so the name may refer to building over earlier foundations
geographic coordinates: 59 20 N, 18 03 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
etymology: the name of the city probably comes from the Swedish words stak (bay) or stock (stake or pole) and holm (island); it was built in the mid-13th century on the site of a fishing village, so the name may refer to building over earlier foundations
Administrative divisions
21 counties (lan, singular and plural); Blekinge, Dalarna, Gavleborg, Gotland, Halland, Jamtland, Jonkoping, Kalmar, Kronoberg, Norrbotten, Orebro, Ostergotland, Skane, Sodermanland, Stockholm, Uppsala, Varmland, Vasterbotten, Vasternorrland, Vastmanland, Vastra Gotaland
Legal system
civil law system influenced by Roman-Germanic law and customary law
Constitution
history: Sweden has four fundamental laws which together make up the Constitution: The Instrument of Government (several previous; latest 1974); The Act of Succession (enacted 1810; changed in 1937 and 1980); The Freedom of the Press Act (many previous; latest in 1949); The Fundamental Law on Freedom of Expression (adopted 1991)
amendment process: proposed by Parliament; passage requires simple majority vote in two consecutive parliamentary terms with an intervening general election; passage also requires approval by simple majority vote in a referendum if Parliament approves a motion for a referendum by one third of its members; the results of such a referendum are only binding if a majority vote against the proposal
Reference: 1991, 1980, 1974, 1949amendment process: proposed by Parliament; passage requires simple majority vote in two consecutive parliamentary terms with an intervening general election; passage also requires approval by simple majority vote in a referendum if Parliament approves a motion for a referendum by one third of its members; the results of such a referendum are only binding if a majority vote against the proposal
International law organization participation
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Citizenship
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Sweden; in the case of a child born out of wedlock, the mother must be a citizen of Sweden and the father unknown
dual citizenship recognized: no, unless the other citizenship was acquired involuntarily
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Sweden; in the case of a child born out of wedlock, the mother must be a citizen of Sweden and the father unknown
dual citizenship recognized: no, unless the other citizenship was acquired involuntarily
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch
chief of state: King CARL XVI GUSTAF (since 15 September 1973)
head of government: Prime Minister Ulf KRISTERSSON (since 18 October 2022)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister
election/appointment process: the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually becomes the prime minister
Reference: 2022, 1973head of government: Prime Minister Ulf KRISTERSSON (since 18 October 2022)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the prime minister
election/appointment process: the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition usually becomes the prime minister
Legislative branch
legislature name: Parliament (Riksdagen)
legislative structure: unicameral
number of seats: 349 (all directly elected)
electoral system: proportional representation
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 4 years
most recent election date: 9/11/2022
parties elected and seats per party: Social Democratic Party (SAP) (107); Sweden Democrats (SD) (73); Moderate Party (M) (68); Left Party (VP) (24); Centre Party (CP) (24); Christian Democrats (KD) (19); Green Party (Mpg) (18); Other (16)
percentage of women in chamber: 45%
expected date of next election: September 2026
Reference: 2026, 2022legislative structure: unicameral
number of seats: 349 (all directly elected)
electoral system: proportional representation
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 4 years
most recent election date: 9/11/2022
parties elected and seats per party: Social Democratic Party (SAP) (107); Sweden Democrats (SD) (73); Moderate Party (M) (68); Left Party (VP) (24); Centre Party (CP) (24); Christian Democrats (KD) (19); Green Party (Mpg) (18); Other (16)
percentage of women in chamber: 45%
expected date of next election: September 2026
Judicial branch
highest court(s): Supreme Court of Sweden (consists of 16 justices, including the court chairman); Supreme Administrative Court (consists of 18 justices, including the court president)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court and Supreme Administrative Court justices nominated by the Judges Proposal Board, a 9-member nominating body consisting of high-level judges, prosecutors, and members of Parliament; justices appointed by the government; after a probationary period, justices' appointments are permanent
subordinate courts: first instance, appellate, general, and administrative courts; specialized courts that handle cases such as land and environment, immigration, labor, markets, and patents
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court and Supreme Administrative Court justices nominated by the Judges Proposal Board, a 9-member nominating body consisting of high-level judges, prosecutors, and members of Parliament; justices appointed by the government; after a probationary period, justices' appointments are permanent
subordinate courts: first instance, appellate, general, and administrative courts; specialized courts that handle cases such as land and environment, immigration, labor, markets, and patents
Political parties
Center Party (Centerpartiet) or C
Christian Democrats (Kristdemokraterna) or KD
Green Party (Miljopartiet de Grona) or MP
Left Party (Vansterpartiet) or V
Moderate Party (Moderaterna) or M
Sweden Democrats (Sverigedemokraterna) or SD
Swedish Social Democratic Party (Socialdemokraterna) or S/SAP
The Liberals (Liberalerna) or L
Christian Democrats (Kristdemokraterna) or KD
Green Party (Miljopartiet de Grona) or MP
Left Party (Vansterpartiet) or V
Moderate Party (Moderaterna) or M
Sweden Democrats (Sverigedemokraterna) or SD
Swedish Social Democratic Party (Socialdemokraterna) or S/SAP
The Liberals (Liberalerna) or L
Diplomatic representation in the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Urban AHLIN (since 15 September 2023)
chancery: 2900 K Street NW, Washington, DC 20007
telephone: [1] (202) 467-2600
FAX: [1] (202) 467-2699
email address and website: ambassaden.washington@gov.se
https://www.swedenabroad.se/en/embassies/usa-washington/
consulate(s) general: New York, San Francisco
Reference: 2023chancery: 2900 K Street NW, Washington, DC 20007
telephone: [1] (202) 467-2600
FAX: [1] (202) 467-2699
email address and website: ambassaden.washington@gov.se
https://www.swedenabroad.se/en/embassies/usa-washington/
consulate(s) general: New York, San Francisco
Diplomatic representation from the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Christine TORETTI (since 21 October 2025)
embassy: Dag Hammarskjolds Vag 31, SE-115 89 Stockholm
mailing address: 5750 Stockholm Place, Washington, DC 20521-5750
telephone: [46] (08) 783-53-00
FAX: [46] (08) 661-19-64
email address and website: STKACSinfo@state.gov
https://se.usembassy.gov/
embassy: Dag Hammarskjolds Vag 31, SE-115 89 Stockholm
mailing address: 5750 Stockholm Place, Washington, DC 20521-5750
telephone: [46] (08) 783-53-00
FAX: [46] (08) 661-19-64
email address and website: STKACSinfo@state.gov
https://se.usembassy.gov/
International organization participation
ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-9, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMISS, UNMOGIP, UNOOSA, UNRWA, UN Security Council (temporary), UNSOM, UNTSO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Independence
6 June 1523 (Gustav VASA elected king of Sweden, marking the abolishment of the Kalmar Union of Denmark, Norway, and Sweden)
National holiday
National Day, 6 June (1983)
note: note: celebrated as Swedish Flag Day from 1916 to 1982
Reference: 1983, 1982, 1916note: note: celebrated as Swedish Flag Day from 1916 to 1982
Flag
description: blue with a golden yellow cross extending to the edges of the flag; the cross is shifted to the left side in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)
meaning: the colors come from the Swedish coat of arms
meaning: the colors come from the Swedish coat of arms
National symbol(s)
three crowns, lion
National color(s)
blue, yellow
National anthem(s)
title: "Kungssangen" (Royal Song)
lyrics/music: Carl Wilhelm August Strandberg/Otto Lindblad
history: adopted 1844 as the royal anthem, but also used as the national anthem until 1893; only the first verse is sung if the monarch is present
lyrics/music: Carl Wilhelm August Strandberg/Otto Lindblad
history: adopted 1844 as the royal anthem, but also used as the national anthem until 1893; only the first verse is sung if the monarch is present
National heritage
total World Heritage Sites: 15 (13 cultural, 1 natural, 1 mixed)
selected World Heritage Site locales: Royal Domain of Drottningholm (c); Laponian Area (m); High Coast/Kvarken Archipelago (n); Birka and Hovgården (c); Hanseatic Town of Visby (c); Church Town of Gammelstad, Luleå (c); Naval Port of Karlskrona (c); Rock Carvings in Tanum (c); Engelsberg Ironworks (c); Mining Area of the Great Copper Mountain in Falun (c)
selected World Heritage Site locales: Royal Domain of Drottningholm (c); Laponian Area (m); High Coast/Kvarken Archipelago (n); Birka and Hovgården (c); Hanseatic Town of Visby (c); Church Town of Gammelstad, Luleå (c); Naval Port of Karlskrona (c); Rock Carvings in Tanum (c); Engelsberg Ironworks (c); Mining Area of the Great Copper Mountain in Falun (c)
Government & Official Links
| Institution | Official website | X / Twitter | Verification |
|---|---|---|---|
| Sweden official website | Official website | — | Reported · source Checked September 20, 2026 |
Institutional accounts only; personal accounts of political office-holders are excluded.
Legislature & Elections
Legislature
| Name | Chamber | Seats | Electoral system |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parliament of Sweden | — | 349 | — |
Economy
Economic overview
high-income, largest Nordic economy; EU member but does not use the euro; export-oriented, led by automotive, electronics, machinery, and pharmaceuticals; highly ranked for competitiveness, R&D investments and governance; recovery, with falling inflation and real wage growth balanced by risks from trade uncertainty
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024: $668.628 billion (2024 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $662.18 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $662.937 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $662.18 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $662.937 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP per capita
Real GDP per capita 2024: $63,300 (2024 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023: $62,800 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $63,200 (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Real GDP per capita 2023: $62,800 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $63,200 (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
agriculture: 1.1% (2024 est.)
industry: 22.6% (2024 est.)
services: 65.9% (2024 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
Reference: 2024industry: 22.6% (2024 est.)
services: 65.9% (2024 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
GDP - composition, by end use
household consumption: 43.7% (2023 est.)
government consumption: 26% (2023 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 25% (2023 est.)
investment in inventories: -0.1% (2023 est.)
exports of goods and services: 55.4% (2023 est.)
imports of goods and services: -51.4% (2023 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Reference: 2023government consumption: 26% (2023 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 25% (2023 est.)
investment in inventories: -0.1% (2023 est.)
exports of goods and services: 55.4% (2023 est.)
imports of goods and services: -51.4% (2023 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Agricultural products
milk, wheat, sugar beets, barley, potatoes, oats, rapeseed, pork, chicken, beef (2023)
note: note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Reference: 2023note: note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Industries
iron and steel, precision equipment (bearings, radio and telephone parts, armaments), wood pulp and paper products, processed foods, motor vehicles
Industrial production growth rate
0.3% (2024 est.)
note: note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Reference: 2024note: note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Labor force
5.699 million (2024 est.)
note: note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Reference: 2024note: note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
total: 23.8% (2024 est.)
male: 24.3% (2024 est.)
female: 23.2% (2024 est.)
note: note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Reference: 2024male: 24.3% (2024 est.)
female: 23.2% (2024 est.)
note: note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Population below poverty line
16.1% (2022 est.)
note: note: % of population with income below national poverty line
Reference: 2022note: note: % of population with income below national poverty line
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022: 31.6 (2022 est.)
note: note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
Reference: 2022note: note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
Average household expenditures
on food: 13% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
on alcohol and tobacco: 3.1% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023on alcohol and tobacco: 3.1% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share
lowest 10%: 2.5% (2022 est.)
highest 10%: 24.7% (2022 est.)
note: note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
Reference: 2022highest 10%: 24.7% (2022 est.)
note: note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
Remittances
Remittances 2024: 0.8% of GDP (2024 est.)
Remittances 2023: 0.7% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2022: 0.6% of GDP (2022 est.)
note: note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Remittances 2023: 0.7% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2022: 0.6% of GDP (2022 est.)
note: note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Budget
revenues: $195.468 billion (2022 est.)
expenditures: $191.095 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Reference: 2022expenditures: $191.095 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Public debt
Public debt 2022: 36.9% of GDP (2022 est.)
note: note: central government debt as a % of GDP
Reference: 2022note: note: central government debt as a % of GDP
Taxes and other revenues
27.6% (of GDP) (2022 est.)
note: note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
Reference: 2022note: note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
Current account balance
Current account balance 2024: $45.274 billion (2024 est.)
Current account balance 2023: $40.819 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: $27.404 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Current account balance 2023: $40.819 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: $27.404 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
Exports 2024: $338.852 billion (2024 est.)
Exports 2023: $329.332 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $318.203 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Exports 2023: $329.332 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $318.203 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - partners
Germany 10%, USA 10%, Denmark 8%, Norway 6%, Netherlands 5% (2023)
note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Exports - commodities
cars, refined petroleum, packaged medicine, paper, vehicle parts/accessories (2023)
note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports
Imports 2024: $309.526 billion (2024 est.)
Imports 2023: $304.194 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $304.101 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Imports 2023: $304.194 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $304.101 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - partners
Germany 17%, Netherlands 10%, Norway 9%, Denmark 6%, China 6% (2023)
note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Imports - commodities
cars, crude petroleum, refined petroleum, vehicle parts/accessories, garments (2023)
note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024: $62.569 billion (2024 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $60.863 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $64.289 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $60.863 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $64.289 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Exchange rates
Currency: Swedish kronor (SEK) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2024: 10.568 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 10.61 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 10.114 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 8.577 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020: 9.21 (2020 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Exchange rates 2024: 10.568 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 10.61 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 10.114 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 8.577 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020: 9.21 (2020 est.)
Trade
Current account balance
Current account balance 2024: $45.274 billion (2024 est.)
Current account balance 2023: $40.819 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: $27.404 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Current account balance 2023: $40.819 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: $27.404 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
Exports 2024: $338.852 billion (2024 est.)
Exports 2023: $329.332 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $318.203 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Exports 2023: $329.332 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $318.203 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - partners
Germany 10%, USA 10%, Denmark 8%, Norway 6%, Netherlands 5% (2023)
note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Exports - commodities
cars, refined petroleum, packaged medicine, paper, vehicle parts/accessories (2023)
note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports
Imports 2024: $309.526 billion (2024 est.)
Imports 2023: $304.194 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $304.101 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Imports 2023: $304.194 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $304.101 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - partners
Germany 17%, Netherlands 10%, Norway 9%, Denmark 6%, China 6% (2023)
note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Imports - commodities
cars, crude petroleum, refined petroleum, vehicle parts/accessories, garments (2023)
note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Energy & Resources
Electricity
installed generating capacity: 55.307 million kW (2023 est.)
consumption: 125.273 billion kWh (2023 est.)
exports: 36.151 billion kWh (2023 est.)
imports: 7.335 billion kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 9.109 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023consumption: 125.273 billion kWh (2023 est.)
exports: 36.151 billion kWh (2023 est.)
imports: 7.335 billion kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 9.109 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources
fossil fuels: 0.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
nuclear: 28.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
solar: 1.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
wind: 21% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
hydroelectricity: 40.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
biomass and waste: 7.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023nuclear: 28.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
solar: 1.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
wind: 21% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
hydroelectricity: 40.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
biomass and waste: 7.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Nuclear energy
Number of operational nuclear reactors: 6 (2025)
Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 7.01GW (2025 est.)
Percent of total electricity production: 28.6% (2023 est.)
Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down: 7 (2025)
Reference: 2025, 2023Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 7.01GW (2025 est.)
Percent of total electricity production: 28.6% (2023 est.)
Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down: 7 (2025)
Coal
production: 1.042 million metric tons (2023 est.)
consumption: 3.17 million metric tons (2023 est.)
exports: 23,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
imports: 2.078 million metric tons (2023 est.)
proven reserves: 5 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023consumption: 3.17 million metric tons (2023 est.)
exports: 23,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
imports: 2.078 million metric tons (2023 est.)
proven reserves: 5 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Petroleum
total petroleum production: 11,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
refined petroleum consumption: 270,000 bbl/day (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2023refined petroleum consumption: 270,000 bbl/day (2024 est.)
Natural gas
consumption: 896.109 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
exports: 10.625 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
imports: 897.487 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023exports: 10.625 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
imports: 897.487 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy consumption per capita
Total energy consumption per capita 2023: 142.102 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Infrastructure
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 898,000 (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 9 (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 9 (2023 est.)
Health
Maternal mortality ratio
4 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 10.7% of GDP (2022)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 19% of national budget (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 19% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
4.41 physicians/1,000 population (2021)
Reference: 2021Hospital bed density
2 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)
Reference: 2020Obesity - adult prevalence rate
20.6% (2016)
Reference: 2016Tobacco use
total: 19.9% (2025 est.)
male: 25.8% (2025 est.)
female: 13.9% (2025 est.)
male: 25.8% (2025 est.)
female: 13.9% (2025 est.)
Education
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 19 years (2023 est.)
male: 17 years (2023 est.)
female: 20 years (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023male: 17 years (2023 est.)
female: 20 years (2023 est.)
Rights, Freedoms & Society
Press & Media Freedom
V-Dem expert-coded/modelled source measures. Knelstrom does not create a press-freedom ranking or composite score.
LGBTQ+ Rights & Law
Concrete legal-status fields only; Knelstrom does not generate an LGBTQ rights score or country ranking.
Source: Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory (CC BY-SA 4.0). Community-edited legal-status summary; retrieved by Knelstrom and not legal advice.
Crime & Justice
Legal system
civil law system influenced by Roman-Germanic law and customary law
Judicial branch
highest court(s): Supreme Court of Sweden (consists of 16 justices, including the court chairman); Supreme Administrative Court (consists of 18 justices, including the court president)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court and Supreme Administrative Court justices nominated by the Judges Proposal Board, a 9-member nominating body consisting of high-level judges, prosecutors, and members of Parliament; justices appointed by the government; after a probationary period, justices' appointments are permanent
subordinate courts: first instance, appellate, general, and administrative courts; specialized courts that handle cases such as land and environment, immigration, labor, markets, and patents
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court and Supreme Administrative Court justices nominated by the Judges Proposal Board, a 9-member nominating body consisting of high-level judges, prosecutors, and members of Parliament; justices appointed by the government; after a probationary period, justices' appointments are permanent
subordinate courts: first instance, appellate, general, and administrative courts; specialized courts that handle cases such as land and environment, immigration, labor, markets, and patents
Military & Security
Military and security forces
Swedish Armed Forces (Försvarsmakten): Army, Navy, Air Force, Home Guard (202)
Military expenditures
Military Expenditures 2025: 2.5% of GDP (2025 est.)
Military Expenditures 2024: 2.3% of GDP (2024 est.)
Military Expenditures 2023: 1.7% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military Expenditures 2022: 1.5% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military Expenditures 2021: 1.4% of GDP (2021 est.)
Reference: 2025, 2024, 2023, 2022Military Expenditures 2024: 2.3% of GDP (2024 est.)
Military Expenditures 2023: 1.7% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military Expenditures 2022: 1.5% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military Expenditures 2021: 1.4% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military and security service personnel strengths
approximately 25,000 active military personnel; approximately 21,000 Home Guard (2025)
note: note 1: SAF personnel are divided into continuously serving (full-time) and temporary service troops (part-timers who serve periodically and have another main employer or attend school); additional personnel have signed service agreements with the SAF and mostly serve in the Home Guard
note 2: in 2021, Sweden announced plans that increase the total size of the armed forces to about 100,000 personnel by 2030
Reference: 2030, 2025, 2021note: note 1: SAF personnel are divided into continuously serving (full-time) and temporary service troops (part-timers who serve periodically and have another main employer or attend school); additional personnel have signed service agreements with the SAF and mostly serve in the Home Guard
note 2: in 2021, Sweden announced plans that increase the total size of the armed forces to about 100,000 personnel by 2030
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
the SAF's inventory is comprised of domestically produced and imported Western weapons systems, including from Finland, Germany, and the US; Sweden has a defense industry that produces a range of air, land, and naval systems, including armored vehicles, combat aircraft, and submarines; it also produces weapons systems jointly with other countries (2024)
Reference: 2024Military service age and obligation
18-47 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; service obligation: 7-15 months (Army), 7-15 months (Navy), 8-12 months (Air Force); after completing initial service, soldiers have a reserve commitment until age 47; compulsory military service, abolished in 2010, was reinstated in January 2018; conscription is selective, includes both men and women (age 18), and requires 6-15 months of service (2024)
note: note 1: Sweden conscripts about 5,500 men and women each year; it plans to increase this number to 8,000 by 2025; conscientious objectors in Sweden have the right to apply for alternative service (called vapenfri tjänst); after completing alternative service, the conscript then belongs to the civilian reserve
note 2: as of 2024, women made nearly 25% of the military's personnel
Reference: 2025, 2024, 2018, 2010note: note 1: Sweden conscripts about 5,500 men and women each year; it plans to increase this number to 8,000 by 2025; conscientious objectors in Sweden have the right to apply for alternative service (called vapenfri tjänst); after completing alternative service, the conscript then belongs to the civilian reserve
note 2: as of 2024, women made nearly 25% of the military's personnel
Military deployments
approximately 600 Latvia (NATO) (2025)
Military - note
the Swedish military is responsible for deterrence and the defense of the country and its territories against armed attack, supporting Sweden’s national security interests, providing societal support, such as humanitarian aid, and contributing to international peacekeeping and peacemaking operations; the military has a relatively small active duty force that is designed to be rapidly mobilized in a crisis with a trained reserve and a Home Guard
Sweden maintained a policy of military non-alignment for over 200 years before applying for NATO membership in May 2022 following Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine; it became a NATO member in March 2024; prior to membership, Stockholm joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace program in 1994 and contributed to NATO-led missions, including those in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Kosovo; the military cooperates closely with the forces of other Nordic countries through the Nordic Defense Cooperation (NORDEFCO; established 2009), which consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden; Sweden is a signatory of the EU’s Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP) and contributes to CSDP missions and operations, including EU battlegroups; it also participates in UN-led missions; Sweden has close bilateral security relations with some individual NATO member states, particularly Finland, Germany, Norway, the UK, and the US (2025)
Reference: 2025, 2024, 2022, 2009Sweden maintained a policy of military non-alignment for over 200 years before applying for NATO membership in May 2022 following Russia’s full-scale invasion of Ukraine; it became a NATO member in March 2024; prior to membership, Stockholm joined NATO’s Partnership for Peace program in 1994 and contributed to NATO-led missions, including those in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Kosovo; the military cooperates closely with the forces of other Nordic countries through the Nordic Defense Cooperation (NORDEFCO; established 2009), which consists of Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden; Sweden is a signatory of the EU’s Common Security and Defense Policy (CSDP) and contributes to CSDP missions and operations, including EU battlegroups; it also participates in UN-led missions; Sweden has close bilateral security relations with some individual NATO member states, particularly Finland, Germany, Norway, the UK, and the US (2025)
International Relations
International law organization participation
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Diplomatic representation in the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Urban AHLIN (since 15 September 2023)
chancery: 2900 K Street NW, Washington, DC 20007
telephone: [1] (202) 467-2600
FAX: [1] (202) 467-2699
email address and website: ambassaden.washington@gov.se
https://www.swedenabroad.se/en/embassies/usa-washington/
consulate(s) general: New York, San Francisco
Reference: 2023chancery: 2900 K Street NW, Washington, DC 20007
telephone: [1] (202) 467-2600
FAX: [1] (202) 467-2699
email address and website: ambassaden.washington@gov.se
https://www.swedenabroad.se/en/embassies/usa-washington/
consulate(s) general: New York, San Francisco
Diplomatic representation from the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Christine TORETTI (since 21 October 2025)
embassy: Dag Hammarskjolds Vag 31, SE-115 89 Stockholm
mailing address: 5750 Stockholm Place, Washington, DC 20521-5750
telephone: [46] (08) 783-53-00
FAX: [46] (08) 661-19-64
email address and website: STKACSinfo@state.gov
https://se.usembassy.gov/
embassy: Dag Hammarskjolds Vag 31, SE-115 89 Stockholm
mailing address: 5750 Stockholm Place, Washington, DC 20521-5750
telephone: [46] (08) 783-53-00
FAX: [46] (08) 661-19-64
email address and website: STKACSinfo@state.gov
https://se.usembassy.gov/
International organization participation
ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-9, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMISS, UNMOGIP, UNOOSA, UNRWA, UN Security Council (temporary), UNSOM, UNTSO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Treaties & Organisations
| Organisation | Status | Joined |
|---|---|---|
| Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) | member | 1973-06-25 |
| European Union (EU) | member | 1995-01-01 |
| NATO (NATO) | member | 2024-03-07 |
| OECD (OECD) | member | — |
| United Nations (UN) | member | 1946-11-19 |
| World Trade Organization (WTO) | member | 1995-01-01 |
International law organization participation
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
International organization participation
ADB (nonregional member), AfDB (nonregional member), Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EITI (implementing country), EMU, ESA, EU, FAO, FATF, G-9, G-10, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD (partners), IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MONUSCO, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, Paris Club, PCA, PFP, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMISS, UNMOGIP, UNOOSA, UNRWA, UN Security Council (temporary), UNSOM, UNTSO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Conflict & Security
Refugees and internally displaced persons
refugees: 168,519 (2024 est.)
stateless persons: 6,835 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024stateless persons: 6,835 (2024 est.)
Terrorist group(s)
Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)
note: note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide
note: note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide
Transportation & Logistics
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
SE
Airports
206 (2025)
Heliports
11 (2025)
Railways
total: 10,910 km (2020) 8,184 km electrified
narrow gauge: 65 km
Reference: 2020narrow gauge: 65 km
Merchant marine
total: 361 (2023)
by type: general cargo 44, oil tanker 18, other 299
Reference: 2023by type: general cargo 44, oil tanker 18, other 299
Ports
total ports: 92 (2024)
large: 3
medium: 10
small: 30
very small: 49
ports with oil terminals: 49
key ports: Falkenberg, Goteborg, Helsingborg, Karlsborg, Karlshamn, Lulea, Malmo, Norrkoping, Stockholm, Sundsvall, Uddevalla, Varberg, Vasteras
Reference: 2024large: 3
medium: 10
small: 30
very small: 49
ports with oil terminals: 49
key ports: Falkenberg, Goteborg, Helsingborg, Karlsborg, Karlshamn, Lulea, Malmo, Norrkoping, Stockholm, Sundsvall, Uddevalla, Varberg, Vasteras
Environment
Environmental issues
marine pollution (Baltic Sea and North Sea); acid rain damage to soil and lakes; air pollution; poor timber-harvesting practices
International environmental agreements
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic-Marine Living Resources, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Reference: 2006signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Climate
temperate in south with cold, cloudy winters and cool, partly cloudy summers; subarctic in north
Land use
agricultural land: 7.3% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 6.2% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 1.1% (2023 est.)
forest: 68.6% (2023 est.)
other: 23.8% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 6.2% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 1.1% (2023 est.)
forest: 68.6% (2023 est.)
other: 23.8% (2023 est.)
Urbanization
urban population: 88.7% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 0.89% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Reference: 2023, 2020rate of urbanization: 0.89% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions
total emissions: 43.96 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke: 5.324 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids: 36.768 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from consumed natural gas: 1.868 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023from coal and metallurgical coke: 5.324 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids: 36.768 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from consumed natural gas: 1.868 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Particulate matter emissions
6 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Reference: 2019Methane emissions
energy: 39.6 kt (2022-2024 est.)
agriculture: 127.8 kt (2019-2021 est.)
waste: 112.7 kt (2019-2021 est.)
other: 9.8 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2022, 2021, 2019agriculture: 127.8 kt (2019-2021 est.)
waste: 112.7 kt (2019-2021 est.)
other: 9.8 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Waste and recycling
municipal solid waste generated annually: 4.618 million tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 39.7% (2022 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2022percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 39.7% (2022 est.)
Total water withdrawal
municipal: 699 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
industrial: 1.267 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
agricultural: 102 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022industrial: 1.267 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
agricultural: 102 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Total renewable water resources
174 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022Geoparks
total global geoparks and regional networks: 1
global geoparks and regional networks: Platåbergens (2023)
Reference: 2023global geoparks and regional networks: Platåbergens (2023)
Communications & Media
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 898,000 (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 9 (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 9 (2023 est.)
Broadcast media
publicly owned TV broadcaster has 2 terrestrial networks plus regional stations; multiple privately owned TV broadcasters operating nationally, regionally, and locally; about 50 local TV stations; widespread access to pan-Nordic and international broadcasters through multi-channel cable and satellite TV; publicly owned radio broadcaster has 3 national stations and a network of 25 regional channels; roughly 100 privately owned local radio stations, with some consolidating into near-national networks; an estimated 900 community and neighborhood radio stations broadcast intermittently
Internet country code
.se
Historical Trends
Population
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View Population data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 9,923,085 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | 10,057,698 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | 10,175,214 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | 10,278,887 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | 10,353,442 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | 10,415,811 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | 10,486,941 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | 10,536,632 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 10,569,709 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | 10,596,620 | world_bank_wdi |
GDP (current US$)
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View GDP (current US$) data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | $513,058,312,951 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | $535,172,356,785 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | $549,649,344,043 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | $530,894,124,494 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | $544,265,668,452 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | $631,693,331,301 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | $575,071,237,641 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | $578,990,915,246 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | $604,827,393,489 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | $668,998,664,082 | world_bank_wdi |
International migrant stock (immigrants)
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View International migrant stock (immigrants) data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 2,033,902 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 2,272,158 | world_bank_wdi |
International emigrant stock
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View International emigrant stock data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 114,669 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 1995 | 121,543 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2000 | 139,034 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2005 | 153,310 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2010 | 177,468 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2015 | 190,827 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2020 | 200,769 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2024 | 223,508 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
Net migration
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View Net migration data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 119,234 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | 102,671 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | 87,517 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | 72,619 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | 37,302 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | 51,947 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | 58,955 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | 55,209 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 50,115 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | 47,079 | world_bank_wdi |
Sources & Methodology
Current statistical observations include their reference period and provenance. Reference fields from approved source datasets are attributed below. Missing information is left unknown rather than inferred.
| Indicator | Value | Period | Source | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 10,596,620 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| UN Population Division population estimate | 10,701,047 | 2026 | UN Population Division Data Portal | Estimated |
| Wikidata population (fallback) | 10,609,460 | 2025 | Wikidata | Reported |
| International migrant stock (immigrants) | 2,272,158 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| International migrant stock | 21.4% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| International emigrant stock | 223,508 | 2024 | UN DESA International Migrant Stock 2024 | Estimated |
| Net migration | 47,079 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Refugees hosted | 144,116 | 2025 | UNHCR Refugee Population Statistics | Verified |
| Asylum seekers hosted | 4,661 | 2025 | UNHCR Refugee Population Statistics | Verified |
| Refugees from this country | 128 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Asylum seekers from this country | 195 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Freedom of expression & alternative information index | 0.946 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Government censorship effort — media | 2.747 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Harassment of journalists | 2.140 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Print/broadcast media critical of government | 2.172 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Range of perspectives in major media | 2.271 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Media bias | 2.240 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Media self-censorship | 2.190 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Same-sex sexual activity | Yes Legal since 1944; equal age of consent since 1972; + UN decl. sign. | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Recognition of same-sex relationships | Yes Registered partnerships from 1995 to 2009 (existing partnerships are still recognised) | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Same-sex marriage | Yes Legal since 2009 | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Same-sex adoption | Yes Legal since 2003 | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Open military service | Yes Includes transgender people | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Sexual-orientation anti-discrimination law | Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Gender identity / expression law | Yes First country within the world in 1972, to allow gender reassignment procedures for individuals. Since July 1, 2025 by “self-determination” for individuals to change gender. | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| GDP (current US$) | $668,998,664,082 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| GDP per capita (current US$) | $63,133 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| GDP growth | 1.5% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Inflation, consumer prices | 0.7% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Unemployment | 8.7% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Income level | High income | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Life expectancy at birth | 84.1 years | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Fertility rate | 1.4 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Urban population | 89.1% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Individuals using the Internet | 95.8% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Exports of goods and services | 53.2% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Imports of goods and services | 51.1% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Trade | 104.3% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Secondary school enrolment, gross | 132.0% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Government education expenditure | 7.3% | 2022 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Access to electricity | 100.0% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Electric power consumption | 12,226 kWh/person | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Renewable energy consumption | 57.9% | 2021 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Current health expenditure | 11.2% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Infant mortality rate | 2.0 per 1,000 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Forest area | 68.7% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Mobile cellular subscriptions | 140.7 per 100 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Fixed broadband subscriptions | 40.6 per 100 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Secure Internet servers | 55,097 per million | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Latitude | 59.3327° | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Longitude | 18.0645° | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Latitude (Wikidata) | 61.0000° | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Longitude (Wikidata) | 15.0000° | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Form of government | constitutional monarchy, representative democracy | current | Wikidata | Reported |
Data attribution
Credits below are generated from sources actually used by this country profile. Source-specific terms take precedence.
- CIA World Factbook, final 2025 country profile (structured via factbook.json). Accessed September 20, 2026. U.S. Government public-domain data; retained as a reference source where a newer approved field is not available. Source · Terms/licence
- Source: Eurostat (dataset/datacode: demo_pjan) Accessed September 19, 2026. Knelstrom presentation/formatting may differ from the source. Source · Terms/licence
- United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, International Migrant Stock 2024; data access/processing via Our World in Data. Accessed September 20, 2026. Underlying UN dataset used under CC BY 3.0 IGO. Source · Terms/licence
- United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, World Population Prospects (WPP indicator 49) Accessed September 19, 2026. Used under CC BY 3.0 IGO; current-year WPP population values are presented as estimates/projections where applicable. Source · Terms/licence
- UNHCR Refugee Population Statistics Database. Accessed September 19, 2026. Used under CC BY 4.0 except where a dataset identifies a different source or licence. Source · Terms/licence
- Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem), Country-Year Dataset v16 (variables: v2mebias, v2mecenefm, v2mecrit, v2meharjrn, v2merange, v2meslfcen, v2x_freexp_altinf) Accessed September 20, 2026. Used under CC BY-SA 4.0; V-Dem measures are expert-coded/modelled and no V-Dem endorsement is implied. Source · Terms/licence
- Wikidata structured data (CC0). Accessed September 20, 2026. Attribution is provided by Knelstrom for provenance although CC0 does not require it. Source · Terms/licence
- Wikipedia, “LGBTQ rights by country or territory” (source revision/data fields: Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Gender identity / expression law, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Open military service, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Recognition of same-sex relationships, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex adoption, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex marriage, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex sexual activity, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Sexual-orientation anti-discrimination law) Accessed September 20, 2026. Used under CC BY-SA 4.0. Knelstrom changes formatting and presents the imported material as a community-edited legal-status summary, not legal advice or a Knelstrom rights score. Source · Terms/licence
- World Bank, World Development Indicators (series: AG.LND.FRST.ZS, country_metadata, EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS, EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS, EG.USE.ELEC.KH.PC, FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG, IT.CEL.SETS.P2, IT.NET.BBND.P2, IT.NET.SECR.P6, IT.NET.USER.ZS, NE.EXP.GNFS.ZS, NE.IMP.GNFS.ZS, NE.TRD.GNFS.ZS, NY.GDP.MKTP.CD, NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG, NY.GDP.PCAP.CD, SE.SEC.ENRR, SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS, SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS, SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS, SM.POP.ASYS.EO, SM.POP.NETM, SM.POP.RHCR.EO, SM.POP.TOTL, SM.POP.TOTL.ZS, SP.DYN.IMRT.IN, SP.DYN.LE00.IN, SP.DYN.TFRT.IN, SP.POP.TOTL, SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS) Accessed September 20, 2026. Data used under CC BY 4.0; Knelstrom presentation/formatting may differ from the source. Source · Terms/licence
Knelstrom does not imply endorsement by any listed data provider.
Last automated statistical refresh: 2026-09-20 02:10:32