Knelstrom Intelligence · World Factbook
Slovenia
Republika Slovenija
CapitalLjubljana
Population2,130,986
GDP$79.6bn
Area20,271 km²
RegionEurope & Central Asia
Data sources current · last checked September 20, 2026 2:11 am
Country facts
Overview
Background
The Slovene lands were part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire until the latter's dissolution at the end of World War I. In 1918, Slovenia became part of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, and Slovenes, which was renamed Yugoslavia in 1929. After World War II, Slovenia joined Bosnia and Herzegovina, Croatia, Macedonia, Montenegro, and Serbia as one of the constituent republics in the new Socialist Federal Republic of Yugoslavia (SFRY). In 1990, Slovenia held its first multiparty elections, as well as a referendum on independence. Serbia responded with an economic blockade and military action, but after a short 10-day war, Slovenia declared independence in 1991. Slovenia acceded to both NATO and the EU in the spring of 2004; it joined the euro zone and the Schengen Area in 2007.
Reference: 2007, 2004, 1991, 1990Geography
Location
south Central Europe, Julian Alps between Austria and Croatia
Map references
Europe
Area
total: 20,273 sq km
land: 20,151 sq km
water: 122 sq km
land: 20,151 sq km
water: 122 sq km
Area - comparative
slightly smaller than New Jersey
Land boundaries
total: 1,211 km
border countries: Austria 299 km; Croatia 600 km; Hungary 94 km; Italy 218 km
border countries: Austria 299 km; Croatia 600 km; Hungary 94 km; Italy 218 km
Coastline
46.6 km
Maritime claims
territorial sea: 12 nm
Climate
Mediterranean climate on the coast, continental climate with mild to hot summers and cold winters in the plateaus and valleys to the east
Terrain
a short southwestern coastal strip of Karst topography on the Adriatic; an alpine mountain region lies adjacent to Italy and Austria in the north; mixed mountains and valleys with numerous rivers to the east
Elevation
highest point: Triglav 2,864 m
lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m
mean elevation: 492 m
lowest point: Adriatic Sea 0 m
mean elevation: 492 m
Natural resources
lignite, lead, zinc, building stone, hydropower, forests
Land use
agricultural land: 30.4% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 8.9% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 2.7% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 18.8% (2023 est.)
forest: 61.8% (2023 est.)
other: 10.8% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 8.9% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 2.7% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 18.8% (2023 est.)
forest: 61.8% (2023 est.)
other: 10.8% (2023 est.)
Irrigated land
50 sq km (2022)
Reference: 2022Major watersheds (area sq km)
Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)
Population distribution
a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations; pockets in the mountainous northwest are less dense
Natural hazards
flooding; earthquakes
Geography - note
despite its small size, this eastern Alpine country controls some of Europe's major transit routes
Population & Society
Nationality
noun: Slovene(s)
adjective: Slovenian
adjective: Slovenian
Ethnic groups
Slovene 83.1%, Serb 2%, Croat 1.8%, Bosniak 1.1%, other or unspecified 12% (2002 est.)
Reference: 2002Languages
Languages: Slovene (official) 87.7%, Croatian 2.8%, Serbo-Croatian 1.8%, Bosnian 1.6%, Serbian 1.6%, Hungarian 0.4% (official, only in municipalities where Hungarian nationals reside), Italian 0.2% (official, only in municipalities where Italian nationals reside), other or unspecified 3.9% (2002 est.)
major-language sample(s): Svetovni informativni zvezek - neobhoden vir osnovnih informacij. (Slovene)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Reference: 2002major-language sample(s): Svetovni informativni zvezek - neobhoden vir osnovnih informacij. (Slovene)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions
Catholic 69%, Orthodox 4%, Muslim 3%, Christian 1%, other 3%, atheist 14%, non-believer/agnostic 4%, refused to answer 2% (2019 est.)
Reference: 2019Age structure
0-14 years: 14.3% (male 153,852/female 146,628)
15-64 years: 62.5% (male 683,573/female 627,788)
65 years and over: 23.2% (2024 est.) (male 213,619/female 272,433)
Reference: 202415-64 years: 62.5% (male 683,573/female 627,788)
65 years and over: 23.2% (2024 est.) (male 213,619/female 272,433)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio: 58.5 (2024 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 22.8 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 35.7 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio: 2.8 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024youth dependency ratio: 22.8 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 35.7 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio: 2.8 (2024 est.)
Median age
total: 46.3 years (2024 est.)
male: 45 years
female: 47.9 years
Reference: 2024male: 45 years
female: 47.9 years
Population growth rate
-0.1% (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Birth rate
8 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Death rate
10.5 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Population distribution
a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations; pockets in the mountainous northwest are less dense
Major urban areas - population
286,000 LJUBLJANA (capital) (2018)
Reference: 2018Sex ratio
at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.09 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Reference: 20240-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.09 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.78 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth
29 years (2020 est.)
Reference: 2020Maternal mortality ratio
3 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Gross reproduction rate
0.79 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Drinking water source
improved: total: total: 99.5% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 0.5% of population (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022unimproved: total: total: 0.5% of population (2022 est.)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 8.8% of GDP (2022)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 15% of national budget (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 15% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
3.37 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
Reference: 2022Hospital bed density
4.2 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)
Reference: 2020Sanitation facility access
improved: total: total: 99.2% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 0.8% of population (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022unimproved: total: total: 0.8% of population (2022 est.)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
20.2% (2016)
Reference: 2016Alcohol consumption per capita
total: 11.05 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer: 4.54 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 5.26 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 1.26 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Reference: 2019beer: 4.54 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 5.26 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 1.26 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Tobacco use
total: 17.3% (2025 est.)
male: 19.3% (2025 est.)
female: 15.3% (2025 est.)
male: 19.3% (2025 est.)
female: 15.3% (2025 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
46.4% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 17 years (2023 est.)
male: 17 years (2023 est.)
female: 18 years (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023male: 17 years (2023 est.)
female: 18 years (2023 est.)
Migration & Displacement
Immigrant/emigrant stock measures the number of international migrants resident in, or originating from, the country; it is not the same as annual immigration/emigration flows.
Refugees and internally displaced persons
refugees: 13,369 (2024 est.)
IDPs: 10 (2023 est.)
stateless persons: 10 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2023IDPs: 10 (2023 est.)
stateless persons: 10 (2024 est.)
Government & Politics
| Office | Holder | Affiliation | From | Status | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Head of government | Janez Janša | — | 2026-06-04 | Current | Reported |
| Head of state | Nataša Pirc Musar | — | 2022-12-22 | Current | Reported |
Country name
conventional long form: Republic of Slovenia
conventional short form: Slovenia
local long form: Republika Slovenija
local short form: Slovenija
former: People's Republic of Slovenia, Socialist Republic of Slovenia
etymology: the country's name means "Land of the Slavs" in Slovene; the origin of the Slav name is unclear, although early forms were used in Medieval Latin (Sclavus) and Byzantine Greek (Sklabos)
conventional short form: Slovenia
local long form: Republika Slovenija
local short form: Slovenija
former: People's Republic of Slovenia, Socialist Republic of Slovenia
etymology: the country's name means "Land of the Slavs" in Slovene; the origin of the Slav name is unclear, although early forms were used in Medieval Latin (Sclavus) and Byzantine Greek (Sklabos)
Capital
name: Ljubljana
geographic coordinates: 46 03 N, 14 31 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
etymology: by tradition, the name is related to the Slovene word ljubljena, meaning "beloved," but the origin is probably pre-Slavic and remains obscure
geographic coordinates: 46 03 N, 14 31 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
etymology: by tradition, the name is related to the Slovene word ljubljena, meaning "beloved," but the origin is probably pre-Slavic and remains obscure
Administrative divisions
200 municipalities (obcine, singular - obcina) and 12 urban municipalities (mestne obcine, singular - mestna obcina)
municipalities: Ajdovscina, Ankaran, Apace, Beltinci, Benedikt, Bistrica ob Sotli, Bled, Bloke, Bohinj, Borovnica, Bovec, Braslovce, Brda, Brezice, Brezovica, Cankova, Cerklje na Gorenjskem, Cerknica, Cerkno, Cerkvenjak, Cirkulane, Crensovci, Crna na Koroskem, Crnomelj, Destrnik, Divaca, Dobje, Dobrepolje, Dobrna, Dobrova-Polhov Gradec, Dobrovnik/Dobronak, Dolenjske Toplice, Dol pri Ljubljani, Domzale, Dornava, Dravograd, Duplek, Gorenja Vas-Poljane, Gorisnica, Gorje, Gornja Radgona, Gornji Grad, Gornji Petrovci, Grad, Grosuplje, Hajdina, Hoce-Slivnica, Hodos, Horjul, Hrastnik, Hrpelje-Kozina, Idrija, Ig, Ilirska Bistrica, Ivancna Gorica, Izola/Isola, Jesenice, Jezersko, Jursinci, Kamnik, Kanal ob Soci, Kidricevo, Kobarid, Kobilje, Kocevje, Komen, Komenda, Kosanjevica na Krki, Kostel, Kozje, Kranjska Gora, Krizevci, Kungota, Kuzma, Lasko, Lenart, Lendava/Lendva, Litija, Ljubno, Ljutomer, Log-Dragomer, Logatec, Loska Dolina, Loski Potok, Lovrenc na Pohorju, Luce, Lukovica, Majsperk, Makole, Markovci, Medvode, Menges, Metlika, Mezica, Miklavz na Dravskem Polju, Miren-Kostanjevica, Mirna, Mirna Pec, Mislinja, Mokronog-Trebelno, Moravce, Moravske Toplice, Mozirje, Muta, Naklo, Nazarje, Odranci, Oplotnica, Ormoz, Osilnica, Pesnica, Piran/Pirano, Pivka, Podcetrtek, Podlehnik, Podvelka, Poljcane, Polzela, Postojna, Prebold, Preddvor, Prevalje, Puconci, Race-Fram, Radece, Radenci, Radlje ob Dravi, Radovljica, Ravne na Koroskem, Razkrizje, Recica ob Savinji, Rence-Vogrsko, Ribnica, Ribnica na Pohorju, Rogaska Slatina, Rogasovci, Rogatec, Ruse, Salovci, Selnica ob Dravi, Semic, Sempeter-Vrtojba, Sencur, Sentilj, Sentjernej, Sentjur, Sentrupert, Sevnica, Sezana, Skocjan, Skofja Loka, Skofljica, Slovenska Bistrica, Slovenske Konjice, Smarje pri Jelsah, Smarjeske Toplice, Smartno ob Paki, Smartno pri Litiji, Sodrazica, Solcava, Sostanj, Sredisce ob Dravi, Starse, Store, Straza, Sveta Ana, Sveta Trojica v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Andraz v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Jurij ob Scavnici, Sveti Jurij v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Tomaz, Tabor, Tisina, Tolmin, Trbovlje, Trebnje, Trnovska Vas, Trzic, Trzin, Turnisce, Velika Polana, Velike Lasce, Verzej, Videm, Vipava, Vitanje, Vodice, Vojnik, Vransko, Vrhnika, Vuzenica, Zagorje ob Savi, Zalec, Zavrc, Zelezniki, Zetale, Ziri, Zirovnica, Zrece, Zuzemberk
urban municipalities: Celje, Koper, Kranj, Krsko, Ljubljana, Maribor, Murska Sobota, Nova Gorica, Novo Mesto, Ptuj, Slovenj Gradec, Velenje
municipalities: Ajdovscina, Ankaran, Apace, Beltinci, Benedikt, Bistrica ob Sotli, Bled, Bloke, Bohinj, Borovnica, Bovec, Braslovce, Brda, Brezice, Brezovica, Cankova, Cerklje na Gorenjskem, Cerknica, Cerkno, Cerkvenjak, Cirkulane, Crensovci, Crna na Koroskem, Crnomelj, Destrnik, Divaca, Dobje, Dobrepolje, Dobrna, Dobrova-Polhov Gradec, Dobrovnik/Dobronak, Dolenjske Toplice, Dol pri Ljubljani, Domzale, Dornava, Dravograd, Duplek, Gorenja Vas-Poljane, Gorisnica, Gorje, Gornja Radgona, Gornji Grad, Gornji Petrovci, Grad, Grosuplje, Hajdina, Hoce-Slivnica, Hodos, Horjul, Hrastnik, Hrpelje-Kozina, Idrija, Ig, Ilirska Bistrica, Ivancna Gorica, Izola/Isola, Jesenice, Jezersko, Jursinci, Kamnik, Kanal ob Soci, Kidricevo, Kobarid, Kobilje, Kocevje, Komen, Komenda, Kosanjevica na Krki, Kostel, Kozje, Kranjska Gora, Krizevci, Kungota, Kuzma, Lasko, Lenart, Lendava/Lendva, Litija, Ljubno, Ljutomer, Log-Dragomer, Logatec, Loska Dolina, Loski Potok, Lovrenc na Pohorju, Luce, Lukovica, Majsperk, Makole, Markovci, Medvode, Menges, Metlika, Mezica, Miklavz na Dravskem Polju, Miren-Kostanjevica, Mirna, Mirna Pec, Mislinja, Mokronog-Trebelno, Moravce, Moravske Toplice, Mozirje, Muta, Naklo, Nazarje, Odranci, Oplotnica, Ormoz, Osilnica, Pesnica, Piran/Pirano, Pivka, Podcetrtek, Podlehnik, Podvelka, Poljcane, Polzela, Postojna, Prebold, Preddvor, Prevalje, Puconci, Race-Fram, Radece, Radenci, Radlje ob Dravi, Radovljica, Ravne na Koroskem, Razkrizje, Recica ob Savinji, Rence-Vogrsko, Ribnica, Ribnica na Pohorju, Rogaska Slatina, Rogasovci, Rogatec, Ruse, Salovci, Selnica ob Dravi, Semic, Sempeter-Vrtojba, Sencur, Sentilj, Sentjernej, Sentjur, Sentrupert, Sevnica, Sezana, Skocjan, Skofja Loka, Skofljica, Slovenska Bistrica, Slovenske Konjice, Smarje pri Jelsah, Smarjeske Toplice, Smartno ob Paki, Smartno pri Litiji, Sodrazica, Solcava, Sostanj, Sredisce ob Dravi, Starse, Store, Straza, Sveta Ana, Sveta Trojica v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Andraz v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Jurij ob Scavnici, Sveti Jurij v Slovenskih Goricah, Sveti Tomaz, Tabor, Tisina, Tolmin, Trbovlje, Trebnje, Trnovska Vas, Trzic, Trzin, Turnisce, Velika Polana, Velike Lasce, Verzej, Videm, Vipava, Vitanje, Vodice, Vojnik, Vransko, Vrhnika, Vuzenica, Zagorje ob Savi, Zalec, Zavrc, Zelezniki, Zetale, Ziri, Zirovnica, Zrece, Zuzemberk
urban municipalities: Celje, Koper, Kranj, Krsko, Ljubljana, Maribor, Murska Sobota, Nova Gorica, Novo Mesto, Ptuj, Slovenj Gradec, Velenje
Legal system
civil law system
Constitution
history: previous 1974 (pre-independence); latest passed by Parliament 23 December 1991
amendment process: proposed by at least 20 National Assembly members, by the government, or by petition of at least 30,000 voters; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly; referendum required if agreed upon by at least 30 Assembly members; passage in a referendum requires participation of a majority of eligible voters and a simple majority of votes cast
Reference: 1991, 1974amendment process: proposed by at least 20 National Assembly members, by the government, or by petition of at least 30,000 voters; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly; referendum required if agreed upon by at least 30 Assembly members; passage in a referendum requires participation of a majority of eligible voters and a simple majority of votes cast
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Citizenship
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Slovenia; both parents if the child is born outside of Slovenia
dual citizenship recognized: yes, for select cases
residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years, the last 5 of which have been continuous
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Slovenia; both parents if the child is born outside of Slovenia
dual citizenship recognized: yes, for select cases
residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years, the last 5 of which have been continuous
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch
chief of state: President Natasa PIRC MUSAR (since 23 December 2022)
head of government: Prime Minister Robert GOLOB (since 1 June 2022)
cabinet: Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, elected by the National Assembly
election/appointment process: president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second consecutive term); following National Assembly elections, the president usually nominates the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister, and the National Assembly elects the nominee
most recent election date: 23 October 2022, with a runoff on 13 November 2022
election results: 2022: Natasa PIRC MUSAR elected president in second round: percent of vote in first round - Anze LOGAR (SDS) 34%, Natasa PIRC MUSAR (independent) 26.9%, Milan BRGLEZ (SD) 15.5%, Vladimir PREBILIC (independent) 10.6%, Sabina SENCAR (Resni.ca) 5.9%, Janez CIGLER KRALJ (NSi) 4.4%, other 2.7%; percent of vote in second round - Natasa PIRC MUSAR 53.9%, Anze LOGAR 46.1%; Robert GOLOB (GS) elected prime minister on 25 May 2022, National Assembly vote - 54-30
2017: Borut PAHOR reelected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Borut PAHOR (independent) 47.1%, Marjan SAREC (Marjan Sarec List) 25%, Romana TOMC (SDS) 13.7%, Ljudmila NOVAK (NSi) 7.2%, other 7%; percent of vote in second round - Borut PAHOR 52.9%, Marjan SAREC 47.1%
expected date of next election: 2027
Reference: 2027, 2022, 2017head of government: Prime Minister Robert GOLOB (since 1 June 2022)
cabinet: Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, elected by the National Assembly
election/appointment process: president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second consecutive term); following National Assembly elections, the president usually nominates the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister, and the National Assembly elects the nominee
most recent election date: 23 October 2022, with a runoff on 13 November 2022
election results: 2022: Natasa PIRC MUSAR elected president in second round: percent of vote in first round - Anze LOGAR (SDS) 34%, Natasa PIRC MUSAR (independent) 26.9%, Milan BRGLEZ (SD) 15.5%, Vladimir PREBILIC (independent) 10.6%, Sabina SENCAR (Resni.ca) 5.9%, Janez CIGLER KRALJ (NSi) 4.4%, other 2.7%; percent of vote in second round - Natasa PIRC MUSAR 53.9%, Anze LOGAR 46.1%; Robert GOLOB (GS) elected prime minister on 25 May 2022, National Assembly vote - 54-30
2017: Borut PAHOR reelected president in second round; percent of vote in first round - Borut PAHOR (independent) 47.1%, Marjan SAREC (Marjan Sarec List) 25%, Romana TOMC (SDS) 13.7%, Ljudmila NOVAK (NSi) 7.2%, other 7%; percent of vote in second round - Borut PAHOR 52.9%, Marjan SAREC 47.1%
expected date of next election: 2027
Legislative branch
legislative structure: bicameral
Legislative branch - lower chamber
chamber name: National Assembly (Drzavni Zbor)
number of seats: 90 (all directly elected)
electoral system: proportional representation
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 4 years
most recent election date: 4/24/2022
parties elected and seats per party: Freedom Movement (SVOBODA) (41); Slovenian Democratic Party (SDS) (27); New Slovenia - Christian Democrats (NSi) (8); Social Democrats (SD) (7); Left (LEVICA) (5); Other (2)
percentage of women in chamber: 35.6%
expected date of next election: April 2026
Reference: 2026, 2022number of seats: 90 (all directly elected)
electoral system: proportional representation
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 4 years
most recent election date: 4/24/2022
parties elected and seats per party: Freedom Movement (SVOBODA) (41); Slovenian Democratic Party (SDS) (27); New Slovenia - Christian Democrats (NSi) (8); Social Democrats (SD) (7); Left (LEVICA) (5); Other (2)
percentage of women in chamber: 35.6%
expected date of next election: April 2026
Legislative branch - upper chamber
chamber name: National Council (Drzavni Svet)
number of seats: 40 (all indirectly elected)
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 5 years
most recent election date: 11/23/2022 to 11/24/2022
percentage of women in chamber: 17.5%
expected date of next election: November 2027
note: note: the National Council is primarily an advisory body with limited legislative powers
Reference: 2027, 2022number of seats: 40 (all indirectly elected)
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 5 years
most recent election date: 11/23/2022 to 11/24/2022
percentage of women in chamber: 17.5%
expected date of next election: November 2027
note: note: the National Council is primarily an advisory body with limited legislative powers
Judicial branch
highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of the court president and 37 judges organized into civil, criminal, commercial, labor and social security, administrative, and registry departments); Constitutional Court (consists of the court president, vice president, and 7 judges)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court president and vice president appointed by the National Assembly on the proposal of the Minister of Justice, based on the opinions of the Judicial Council, an 11-member independent body elected by the National Assembly from proposals submitted by the president, attorneys, law universities, and sitting judges; other Supreme Court judges elected by the National Assembly from candidates proposed by the Judicial Council; Supreme Court judges serve for life; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the National Assembly from nominations by the president of the republic; Constitutional Court president selected from among its own membership for a 3-year term; other judges elected for single 9-year terms
subordinate courts: county, district, regional, and high courts; specialized labor-related and social courts; Court of Audit; Administrative Court
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court president and vice president appointed by the National Assembly on the proposal of the Minister of Justice, based on the opinions of the Judicial Council, an 11-member independent body elected by the National Assembly from proposals submitted by the president, attorneys, law universities, and sitting judges; other Supreme Court judges elected by the National Assembly from candidates proposed by the Judicial Council; Supreme Court judges serve for life; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the National Assembly from nominations by the president of the republic; Constitutional Court president selected from among its own membership for a 3-year term; other judges elected for single 9-year terms
subordinate courts: county, district, regional, and high courts; specialized labor-related and social courts; Court of Audit; Administrative Court
Political parties
Democratic Party of Pensioners of Slovenia or DeSUS
Freedom Movement or GS (formerly Greens Actions Party or Z.DEJ)
List of Marjan Sarec or LMS
New Slovenia - Christian Democrats or NSi
Party of Alenka Bratusek or SAB (formerly Alliance of Social Liberal Democrats or ZSD and before that Alliance of Alenka Bratusek or ZaAB)
Resni.ca
Slovenian Democratic Party or SDS (formerly the Social Democratic Party of Slovenia or SDSS)
Slovenian National Party or SNS
Social Democrats or SD
The Left or Levica (successor to United Left or ZL)
Freedom Movement or GS (formerly Greens Actions Party or Z.DEJ)
List of Marjan Sarec or LMS
New Slovenia - Christian Democrats or NSi
Party of Alenka Bratusek or SAB (formerly Alliance of Social Liberal Democrats or ZSD and before that Alliance of Alenka Bratusek or ZaAB)
Resni.ca
Slovenian Democratic Party or SDS (formerly the Social Democratic Party of Slovenia or SDSS)
Slovenian National Party or SNS
Social Democrats or SD
The Left or Levica (successor to United Left or ZL)
Diplomatic representation in the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Iztok MIROŠIČ (since 15 September 2023)
chancery: 2410 California Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 386-6611
FAX: [1] (202) 386-6633
email address and website: sloembassy.washington@gov.si
http://www.washington.embassy.si/
consulate(s) general: Cleveland (OH)
Reference: 2023chancery: 2410 California Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 386-6611
FAX: [1] (202) 386-6633
email address and website: sloembassy.washington@gov.si
http://www.washington.embassy.si/
consulate(s) general: Cleveland (OH)
Diplomatic representation from the US
chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Brian GREANEY (since August 2025)
embassy: Presernova 31, 1000 Ljubljana
mailing address: 7140 Ljubljana Place, Washington, DC 20521-7140
telephone: [386] (1) 200-5500
FAX: [386] (1) 200-5555
email address and website: LjubljanaACS@state.gov
https://si.usembassy.gov/
embassy: Presernova 31, 1000 Ljubljana
mailing address: 7140 Ljubljana Place, Washington, DC 20521-7140
telephone: [386] (1) 200-5500
FAX: [386] (1) 200-5555
email address and website: LjubljanaACS@state.gov
https://si.usembassy.gov/
International organization participation
Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNOOSA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Independence
25 June 1991 (from Yugoslavia)
Reference: 1991National holiday
Independence Day/Statehood Day, 25 June (1991)
Reference: 1991Flag
description: three equal horizontal bands of white (top), blue, and red; the Slovenian seal (a shield with Triglav, the country's highest peak, in white on a blue background) is at the center, with two wavy blue lines under it; three six-pointed stars in an inverted triangle appear on the upper-left
meaning: the wavy lines represent seas and rivers; the colors come from the medieval coat of arms of the Duchy of Carniola; the stars come from the coat of arms of the Counts of Celje (a Slovene dynastic house)
meaning: the wavy lines represent seas and rivers; the colors come from the medieval coat of arms of the Duchy of Carniola; the stars come from the coat of arms of the Counts of Celje (a Slovene dynastic house)
National symbol(s)
Mount Triglav
National color(s)
white, blue, red
National anthem(s)
title: "Zdravljica" (A Toast)
lyrics/music: France PRESEREN/Stanko PREMRL
history: adopted in 1989; originally written in 1848; only the seventh verse of the poem is used as the anthem
Reference: 1989lyrics/music: France PRESEREN/Stanko PREMRL
history: adopted in 1989; originally written in 1848; only the seventh verse of the poem is used as the anthem
National heritage
total World Heritage Sites: 5 (3 cultural, 2 natural)
selected World Heritage Site locales: Škocjan Caves (n); Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe (n); Prehistoric Pile Dwellings around the Alps (c); Heritage of Mercury: Almadén and Idrija (c); The works of Jože Plečnik in Ljubljana (c)
selected World Heritage Site locales: Škocjan Caves (n); Ancient and Primeval Beech Forests of the Carpathians and Other Regions of Europe (n); Prehistoric Pile Dwellings around the Alps (c); Heritage of Mercury: Almadén and Idrija (c); The works of Jože Plečnik in Ljubljana (c)
Government & Official Links
| Institution | Official website | X / Twitter | Verification |
|---|---|---|---|
| Slovenia official website | Official website | — | Reported · source Checked September 20, 2026 |
Institutional accounts only; personal accounts of political office-holders are excluded.
Legislature & Elections
Legislature
| Name | Chamber | Seats | Electoral system |
|---|---|---|---|
| Slovenian Parliament | — | — | — |
Economy
Economic overview
high-income EU and eurozone economy; high per-capita income and low inequality; key exports in automotive and pharmaceuticals; tight labor market with low unemployment; growth supported by private consumption and public investment, with risks from tight labor market and trade conditions; narrowing fiscal deficit and declining public debt
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024: $103.118 billion (2024 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $101.503 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $99.403 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $101.503 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $99.403 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP per capita
Real GDP per capita 2024: $48,500 (2024 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023: $47,900 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $47,100 (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Real GDP per capita 2023: $47,900 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $47,100 (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
agriculture: 1.5% (2024 est.)
industry: 28.8% (2024 est.)
services: 58.2% (2024 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
Reference: 2024industry: 28.8% (2024 est.)
services: 58.2% (2024 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
GDP - composition, by end use
household consumption: 52.3% (2023 est.)
government consumption: 19.2% (2023 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 21.3% (2023 est.)
investment in inventories: 0.9% (2023 est.)
exports of goods and services: 83.3% (2023 est.)
imports of goods and services: -76.8% (2023 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Reference: 2023government consumption: 19.2% (2023 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 21.3% (2023 est.)
investment in inventories: 0.9% (2023 est.)
exports of goods and services: 83.3% (2023 est.)
imports of goods and services: -76.8% (2023 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Agricultural products
milk, maize, wheat, barley, grapes, chicken, potatoes, beef, apples, pork (2023)
note: note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Reference: 2023note: note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Industries
ferrous metallurgy and aluminum products, lead and zinc smelting; electronics (including military electronics), trucks, automobiles, electric power equipment, wood products, textiles, chemicals, machine tools
Industrial production growth rate
1.8% (2024 est.)
note: note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Reference: 2024note: note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Labor force
1.058 million (2024 est.)
note: note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Reference: 2024note: note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
total: 9.4% (2024 est.)
male: 10.6% (2024 est.)
female: 7.9% (2024 est.)
note: note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Reference: 2024male: 10.6% (2024 est.)
female: 7.9% (2024 est.)
note: note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Population below poverty line
12.7% (2022 est.)
note: note: % of population with income below national poverty line
Reference: 2022note: note: % of population with income below national poverty line
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022: 24.3 (2022 est.)
note: note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
Reference: 2022note: note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
Average household expenditures
on food: 13.9% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
on alcohol and tobacco: 4.5% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023on alcohol and tobacco: 4.5% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share
lowest 10%: 4.2% (2022 est.)
highest 10%: 20.7% (2022 est.)
note: note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
Reference: 2022highest 10%: 20.7% (2022 est.)
note: note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
Remittances
Remittances 2024: 1.2% of GDP (2024 est.)
Remittances 2023: 1.3% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2022: 1.3% of GDP (2022 est.)
note: note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Remittances 2023: 1.3% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2022: 1.3% of GDP (2022 est.)
note: note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Budget
revenues: $28.874 billion (2023 est.)
expenditures: $30.714 billion (2023 est.)
note: note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Reference: 2023expenditures: $30.714 billion (2023 est.)
note: note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Public debt
Public debt 2017: 73.6% of GDP (2017 est.)
note: note: defined by the EU's Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and loans; general government sector comprises the central, state, local government, and social security funds
Reference: 2017note: note: defined by the EU's Maastricht Treaty as consolidated general government gross debt at nominal value, outstanding at the end of the year in the following categories of government liabilities: currency and deposits, securities other than shares excluding financial derivatives, and loans; general government sector comprises the central, state, local government, and social security funds
Taxes and other revenues
20.3% (of GDP) (2023 est.)
note: note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
Reference: 2023note: note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
Current account balance
Current account balance 2024: $3.231 billion (2024 est.)
Current account balance 2023: $3.093 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: -$617.374 million (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Current account balance 2023: $3.093 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: -$617.374 million (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
Exports 2024: $59.159 billion (2024 est.)
Exports 2023: $57.66 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $56.51 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Exports 2023: $57.66 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $56.51 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - partners
Switzerland 22%, Germany 12%, Italy 10%, Croatia 8%, Austria 6% (2023)
note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Exports - commodities
packaged medicine, cars, refined petroleum, vehicle parts/accessories, plastic products (2023)
note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports
Imports 2024: $54.583 billion (2024 est.)
Imports 2023: $53.309 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $55.158 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Imports 2023: $53.309 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $55.158 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - partners
Switzerland 17%, China 15%, Germany 11%, Italy 9%, Austria 6% (2023)
note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Imports - commodities
nitrogen compounds, packaged medicine, refined petroleum, cars, vaccines (2023)
note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024: $2.832 billion (2024 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $2.37 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $2.268 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $2.37 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $2.268 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Exchange rates
Currency: euros (EUR) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2024: 0.924 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 0.925 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 0.95 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 0.845 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020: 0.876 (2020 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Exchange rates 2024: 0.924 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 0.925 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 0.95 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 0.845 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020: 0.876 (2020 est.)
Trade
Current account balance
Current account balance 2024: $3.231 billion (2024 est.)
Current account balance 2023: $3.093 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: -$617.374 million (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Current account balance 2023: $3.093 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: -$617.374 million (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
Exports 2024: $59.159 billion (2024 est.)
Exports 2023: $57.66 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $56.51 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Exports 2023: $57.66 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $56.51 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - partners
Switzerland 22%, Germany 12%, Italy 10%, Croatia 8%, Austria 6% (2023)
note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Exports - commodities
packaged medicine, cars, refined petroleum, vehicle parts/accessories, plastic products (2023)
note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports
Imports 2024: $54.583 billion (2024 est.)
Imports 2023: $53.309 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $55.158 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Imports 2023: $53.309 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $55.158 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - partners
Switzerland 17%, China 15%, Germany 11%, Italy 9%, Austria 6% (2023)
note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Imports - commodities
nitrogen compounds, packaged medicine, refined petroleum, cars, vaccines (2023)
note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Energy & Resources
Electricity
installed generating capacity: 4.739 million kW (2023 est.)
consumption: 12.953 billion kWh (2023 est.)
exports: 10.62 billion kWh (2023 est.)
imports: 9.114 billion kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 774.138 million kWh (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023consumption: 12.953 billion kWh (2023 est.)
exports: 10.62 billion kWh (2023 est.)
imports: 9.114 billion kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 774.138 million kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources
fossil fuels: 24.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
nuclear: 35.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
solar: 6.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
hydroelectricity: 31.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
biomass and waste: 2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023nuclear: 35.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
solar: 6.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
hydroelectricity: 31.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
biomass and waste: 2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Nuclear energy
Number of operational nuclear reactors: 1 (2025)
Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 0.7GW (2025 est.)
Percent of total electricity production: 36.8% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2025, 2023Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 0.7GW (2025 est.)
Percent of total electricity production: 36.8% (2023 est.)
Coal
production: 2.44 million metric tons (2023 est.)
consumption: 2.309 million metric tons (2023 est.)
exports: 2,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
imports: 866,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
proven reserves: 95 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023consumption: 2.309 million metric tons (2023 est.)
exports: 2,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
imports: 866,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
proven reserves: 95 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Petroleum
total petroleum production: 4 bbl/day (2021 est.)
refined petroleum consumption: 44,000 bbl/day (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2021refined petroleum consumption: 44,000 bbl/day (2024 est.)
Natural gas
production: 4.014 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
consumption: 811.395 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
exports: 11.387 million cubic meters (2018 est.)
imports: 810.948 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023, 2018consumption: 811.395 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
exports: 11.387 million cubic meters (2018 est.)
imports: 810.948 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy consumption per capita
Total energy consumption per capita 2023: 104.502 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Infrastructure
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 647,000 (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 30 (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 30 (2023 est.)
Health
Maternal mortality ratio
3 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 8.8% of GDP (2022)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 15% of national budget (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 15% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
3.37 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
Reference: 2022Hospital bed density
4.2 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)
Reference: 2020Obesity - adult prevalence rate
20.2% (2016)
Reference: 2016Tobacco use
total: 17.3% (2025 est.)
male: 19.3% (2025 est.)
female: 15.3% (2025 est.)
male: 19.3% (2025 est.)
female: 15.3% (2025 est.)
Education
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 17 years (2023 est.)
male: 17 years (2023 est.)
female: 18 years (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023male: 17 years (2023 est.)
female: 18 years (2023 est.)
Rights, Freedoms & Society
Press & Media Freedom
V-Dem expert-coded/modelled source measures. Knelstrom does not create a press-freedom ranking or composite score.
LGBTQ+ Rights & Law
Concrete legal-status fields only; Knelstrom does not generate an LGBTQ rights score or country ranking.
Source: Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory (CC BY-SA 4.0). Community-edited legal-status summary; retrieved by Knelstrom and not legal advice.
Crime & Justice
Legal system
civil law system
Judicial branch
highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of the court president and 37 judges organized into civil, criminal, commercial, labor and social security, administrative, and registry departments); Constitutional Court (consists of the court president, vice president, and 7 judges)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court president and vice president appointed by the National Assembly on the proposal of the Minister of Justice, based on the opinions of the Judicial Council, an 11-member independent body elected by the National Assembly from proposals submitted by the president, attorneys, law universities, and sitting judges; other Supreme Court judges elected by the National Assembly from candidates proposed by the Judicial Council; Supreme Court judges serve for life; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the National Assembly from nominations by the president of the republic; Constitutional Court president selected from among its own membership for a 3-year term; other judges elected for single 9-year terms
subordinate courts: county, district, regional, and high courts; specialized labor-related and social courts; Court of Audit; Administrative Court
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court president and vice president appointed by the National Assembly on the proposal of the Minister of Justice, based on the opinions of the Judicial Council, an 11-member independent body elected by the National Assembly from proposals submitted by the president, attorneys, law universities, and sitting judges; other Supreme Court judges elected by the National Assembly from candidates proposed by the Judicial Council; Supreme Court judges serve for life; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the National Assembly from nominations by the president of the republic; Constitutional Court president selected from among its own membership for a 3-year term; other judges elected for single 9-year terms
subordinate courts: county, district, regional, and high courts; specialized labor-related and social courts; Court of Audit; Administrative Court
Military & Security
Military and security forces
Slovenian Armed Forces (Slovenska Vojska, SV): structured as a combined force with air, land, maritime, and special operations components
Ministry of Interior: National Police (2025)
Ministry of Interior: National Police (2025)
Military expenditures
Military Expenditures 2025: 2% of GDP (2025 est.)
Military Expenditures 2024: 1.4% of GDP (2024 est.)
Military Expenditures 2023: 1.3% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military Expenditures 2022: 1.3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military Expenditures 2021: 1.2% of GDP (2021 est.)
Reference: 2025, 2024, 2023, 2022Military Expenditures 2024: 1.4% of GDP (2024 est.)
Military Expenditures 2023: 1.3% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military Expenditures 2022: 1.3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military Expenditures 2021: 1.2% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military and security service personnel strengths
approximately 6,000 active military personnel (2025)
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
the military's inventory is a mix of Soviet-era and smaller quantities of more modern, mostly Western equipment; in recent years, Slovenia has begun a modernization program and imported growing amounts of NATO-standard European and US equipment (2024)
Reference: 2024Military service age and obligation
18-30 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; must be a citizen of the Republic of Slovenia; recruits sign up for 3-, 5-, or 10-year service contracts; conscription abolished in 2003 (2023)
note: note: as of 2023, women comprised about 16% of the military's full-time personnel
Reference: 2023, 2003note: note: as of 2023, women comprised about 16% of the military's full-time personnel
Military deployments
110 Kosovo (NATO); up to 200 Slovakia (NATO) (2025)
Military - note
the Slovenian Armed Forces (Slovenska Vojska or SV) are responsible for the defense of the country’s sovereignty and territory, deterring external threats, and contributing to European security and other international peacekeeping missions; the SV is also active in civil-military cooperation, such as the maintenance of local infrastructure; Slovenia has been a member of the EU and NATO since 2004, and one of the SV’s key missions is fulfilling the country’s commitments to NATO, including equipment modernization, participating in training exercises, and contributing to NATO operations; the SV provides troops to NATO’s efforts to enhance its presence in the Baltics (Latvia) and Eastern Europe (Slovakia); it has also participated in other international security missions with small numbers of personnel in such places as Africa, southern Europe, the Mediterranean Sea, and the Middle East; NATO allies Hungary and Italy provide air policing for Slovenia
the SV was formally established in 1993 as a reorganization of the Slovenia Defense Force; the Defense Force, along with the Slovenian police, comprised the majority of the forces that engaged with the Yugoslav People’s Army during the 10-Day War after Slovenia declared its independence in 1991 (2025)
Reference: 2025, 2004, 1993, 1991the SV was formally established in 1993 as a reorganization of the Slovenia Defense Force; the Defense Force, along with the Slovenian police, comprised the majority of the forces that engaged with the Yugoslav People’s Army during the 10-Day War after Slovenia declared its independence in 1991 (2025)
International Relations
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Diplomatic representation in the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Iztok MIROŠIČ (since 15 September 2023)
chancery: 2410 California Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 386-6611
FAX: [1] (202) 386-6633
email address and website: sloembassy.washington@gov.si
http://www.washington.embassy.si/
consulate(s) general: Cleveland (OH)
Reference: 2023chancery: 2410 California Street NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 386-6611
FAX: [1] (202) 386-6633
email address and website: sloembassy.washington@gov.si
http://www.washington.embassy.si/
consulate(s) general: Cleveland (OH)
Diplomatic representation from the US
chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Brian GREANEY (since August 2025)
embassy: Presernova 31, 1000 Ljubljana
mailing address: 7140 Ljubljana Place, Washington, DC 20521-7140
telephone: [386] (1) 200-5500
FAX: [386] (1) 200-5555
email address and website: LjubljanaACS@state.gov
https://si.usembassy.gov/
embassy: Presernova 31, 1000 Ljubljana
mailing address: 7140 Ljubljana Place, Washington, DC 20521-7140
telephone: [386] (1) 200-5500
FAX: [386] (1) 200-5555
email address and website: LjubljanaACS@state.gov
https://si.usembassy.gov/
International organization participation
Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNOOSA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Treaties & Organisations
| Organisation | Status | Joined |
|---|---|---|
| Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) | member | 1992-03-24 |
| European Union (EU) | member | 2004-05-01 |
| NATO (NATO) | member | 2004-03-29 |
| OECD (OECD) | member | — |
| United Nations (UN) | member | 1992-05-22 |
| World Trade Organization (WTO) | member | 1995-07-30 |
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
International organization participation
Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CEI, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EMU, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, IADB, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, MIGA, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNOOSA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Conflict & Security
Refugees and internally displaced persons
refugees: 13,369 (2024 est.)
IDPs: 10 (2023 est.)
stateless persons: 10 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2023IDPs: 10 (2023 est.)
stateless persons: 10 (2024 est.)
Transportation & Logistics
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
S5
Airports
42 (2025)
Heliports
4 (2025)
Railways
total: 1,207 km (2020) 609 km electrified
Reference: 2020Merchant marine
total: 8 (2023)
by type: other 8
Reference: 2023by type: other 8
Ports
total ports: 2 (2024)
large: 0
medium: 0
small: 1
very small: 1
ports with oil terminals: 0
key ports: Koper, Piran
Reference: 2024large: 0
medium: 0
small: 1
very small: 1
ports with oil terminals: 0
key ports: Koper, Piran
Environment
Environmental issues
air pollution from road traffic, domestic heating (wood burning), power generation, and industry; water pollution; biodiversity protection
International environmental agreements
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Reference: 2006signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Climate
Mediterranean climate on the coast, continental climate with mild to hot summers and cold winters in the plateaus and valleys to the east
Land use
agricultural land: 30.4% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 8.9% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 2.7% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 18.8% (2023 est.)
forest: 61.8% (2023 est.)
other: 10.8% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 8.9% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 2.7% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 18.8% (2023 est.)
forest: 61.8% (2023 est.)
other: 10.8% (2023 est.)
Urbanization
urban population: 56.1% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 0.54% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Reference: 2023, 2020rate of urbanization: 0.54% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions
total emissions: 10.772 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke: 2.706 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids: 6.521 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from consumed natural gas: 1.545 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023from coal and metallurgical coke: 2.706 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids: 6.521 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from consumed natural gas: 1.545 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Particulate matter emissions
14.1 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Reference: 2019Methane emissions
energy: 8.5 kt (2022-2024 est.)
agriculture: 46.5 kt (2019-2021 est.)
waste: 15.6 kt (2019-2021 est.)
other: 1.9 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2022, 2021, 2019agriculture: 46.5 kt (2019-2021 est.)
waste: 15.6 kt (2019-2021 est.)
other: 1.9 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Waste and recycling
municipal solid waste generated annually: 1.052 million tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 24.8% (2022 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2022percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 24.8% (2022 est.)
Total water withdrawal
municipal: 179 million cubic meters (2022)
industrial: 645 million cubic meters (2022)
agricultural: 3.4 million cubic meters (2022)
Reference: 2022industrial: 645 million cubic meters (2022)
agricultural: 3.4 million cubic meters (2022)
Total renewable water resources
31.87 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022Geoparks
total global geoparks and regional networks: 2
global geoparks and regional networks: Idrija; Karawanken / Karavanke (includes Austria) (2023)
Reference: 2023global geoparks and regional networks: Idrija; Karawanken / Karavanke (includes Austria) (2023)
Communications & Media
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 647,000 (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 30 (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 30 (2023 est.)
Broadcast media
public TV broadcaster, Radiotelevizija Slovenija (RTV), operates a system of national and regional TV stations; 35 commercial TV stations; about 60% of households connected to multi-channel cable TV; public radio broadcaster with 3 national and 4 regional stations; more than 75 regional and local commercial and non-commercial radio stations
Internet country code
.si
Historical Trends
Population
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View Population data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 2,065,042 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | 2,066,388 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | 2,073,894 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | 2,088,385 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | 2,102,419 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | 2,108,079 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | 2,112,076 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | 2,120,461 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 2,127,400 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | 2,130,986 | world_bank_wdi |
GDP (current US$)
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View GDP (current US$) data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | $44,290,685,824 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | $48,153,200,135 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | $53,689,067,640 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | $53,909,922,736 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | $53,384,760,135 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | $61,540,813,362 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | $59,899,117,741 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | $69,255,264,238 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | $72,972,015,197 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | $79,648,204,979 | world_bank_wdi |
International migrant stock (immigrants)
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View International migrant stock (immigrants) data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 277,964 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 315,122 | world_bank_wdi |
International emigrant stock
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View International emigrant stock data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 112,702 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 1995 | 124,463 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2000 | 107,988 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2005 | 94,891 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2010 | 91,568 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2015 | 91,655 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2020 | 81,068 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2024 | 78,808 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
Net migration
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View Net migration data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 1,195 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | 1,359 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | 14,640 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | 16,352 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | 28,514 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | 2,477 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | 9,014 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | 5,339 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 3,319 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | 2,711 | world_bank_wdi |
Sources & Methodology
Current statistical observations include their reference period and provenance. Reference fields from approved source datasets are attributed below. Missing information is left unknown rather than inferred.
| Indicator | Value | Period | Source | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 2,130,986 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| UN Population Division population estimate | 2,114,574 | 2026 | UN Population Division Data Portal | Estimated |
| Wikidata population (fallback) | 2,066,880 | 2018 | Wikidata | Reported |
| International migrant stock (immigrants) | 315,122 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| International migrant stock | 14.9% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| International emigrant stock | 78,808 | 2024 | UN DESA International Migrant Stock 2024 | Estimated |
| Net migration | 2,711 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Refugees hosted | 134 | 2011 | UNHCR Refugee Population Statistics | Verified |
| Asylum seekers hosted | 93 | 2011 | UNHCR Refugee Population Statistics | Verified |
| Refugees from this country | 12 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Asylum seekers from this country | 103 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Freedom of expression & alternative information index | 0.691 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Government censorship effort — media | -0.550 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Harassment of journalists | 0.907 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Print/broadcast media critical of government | 0.831 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Range of perspectives in major media | 1.022 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Media bias | 0.678 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Media self-censorship | 0.184 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Same-sex sexual activity | Yes Legal since 1977 (As part of Yugoslavia); equal age of consent since 1990; + UN decl. sign. | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Recognition of same-sex relationships | Yes Registered cohabitation since 2006; Registered partnerships since 2017 | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Same-sex marriage | Yes Legal since 2022 | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Same-sex adoption | Yes Stepchild adoption since 2011; joint adoption since 2022 | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Open military service | Yes | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Sexual-orientation anti-discrimination law | Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Gender identity / expression law | Yes Gender change is legal | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| GDP (current US$) | $79,648,204,979 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| GDP per capita (current US$) | $37,376 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| GDP growth | 1.1% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Inflation, consumer prices | 2.4% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Unemployment | 3.2% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Income level | High income | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Life expectancy at birth | 82.3 years | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Fertility rate | 1.5 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Urban population | 56.0% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Individuals using the Internet | 90.8% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Exports of goods and services | 78.6% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Imports of goods and services | 73.3% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Trade | 151.9% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Adult literacy rate | 99.5% | 1991 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Secondary school enrolment, gross | 107.6% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Government education expenditure | 5.3% | 2022 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Access to electricity | 100.0% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Electric power consumption | 6,450 kWh/person | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Renewable energy consumption | 23.4% | 2021 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Current health expenditure | 9.9% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Infant mortality rate | 1.8 per 1,000 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Forest area | 61.2% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Mobile cellular subscriptions | 130.9 per 100 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Fixed broadband subscriptions | 34.2 per 100 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Secure Internet servers | 68,783 per million | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Latitude | 46.0546° | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Longitude | 14.5044° | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Latitude (Wikidata) | 46.0000° | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Longitude (Wikidata) | 15.0000° | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Form of government | democratic republic | current | Wikidata | Reported |
Data attribution
Credits below are generated from sources actually used by this country profile. Source-specific terms take precedence.
- CIA World Factbook, final 2025 country profile (structured via factbook.json). Accessed September 20, 2026. U.S. Government public-domain data; retained as a reference source where a newer approved field is not available. Source · Terms/licence
- Source: Eurostat (dataset/datacode: demo_pjan) Accessed September 19, 2026. Knelstrom presentation/formatting may differ from the source. Source · Terms/licence
- United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, International Migrant Stock 2024; data access/processing via Our World in Data. Accessed September 20, 2026. Underlying UN dataset used under CC BY 3.0 IGO. Source · Terms/licence
- United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, World Population Prospects (WPP indicator 49) Accessed September 19, 2026. Used under CC BY 3.0 IGO; current-year WPP population values are presented as estimates/projections where applicable. Source · Terms/licence
- UNHCR Refugee Population Statistics Database. Accessed September 19, 2026. Used under CC BY 4.0 except where a dataset identifies a different source or licence. Source · Terms/licence
- Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem), Country-Year Dataset v16 (variables: v2mebias, v2mecenefm, v2mecrit, v2meharjrn, v2merange, v2meslfcen, v2x_freexp_altinf) Accessed September 20, 2026. Used under CC BY-SA 4.0; V-Dem measures are expert-coded/modelled and no V-Dem endorsement is implied. Source · Terms/licence
- Wikidata structured data (CC0). Accessed September 20, 2026. Attribution is provided by Knelstrom for provenance although CC0 does not require it. Source · Terms/licence
- Wikipedia, “LGBTQ rights by country or territory” (source revision/data fields: Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Gender identity / expression law, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Open military service, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Recognition of same-sex relationships, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex adoption, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex marriage, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex sexual activity, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Sexual-orientation anti-discrimination law) Accessed September 20, 2026. Used under CC BY-SA 4.0. Knelstrom changes formatting and presents the imported material as a community-edited legal-status summary, not legal advice or a Knelstrom rights score. Source · Terms/licence
- World Bank, World Development Indicators (series: AG.LND.FRST.ZS, country_metadata, EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS, EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS, EG.USE.ELEC.KH.PC, FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG, IT.CEL.SETS.P2, IT.NET.BBND.P2, IT.NET.SECR.P6, IT.NET.USER.ZS, NE.EXP.GNFS.ZS, NE.IMP.GNFS.ZS, NE.TRD.GNFS.ZS, NY.GDP.MKTP.CD, NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG, NY.GDP.PCAP.CD, SE.ADT.LITR.ZS, SE.SEC.ENRR, SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS, SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS, SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS, SM.POP.ASYS.EO, SM.POP.NETM, SM.POP.RHCR.EO, SM.POP.TOTL, SM.POP.TOTL.ZS, SP.DYN.IMRT.IN, SP.DYN.LE00.IN, SP.DYN.TFRT.IN, SP.POP.TOTL, SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS) Accessed September 20, 2026. Data used under CC BY 4.0; Knelstrom presentation/formatting may differ from the source. Source · Terms/licence
Knelstrom does not imply endorsement by any listed data provider.
Last automated statistical refresh: 2026-09-20 02:10:32