Knelstrom Intelligence · World Factbook
San Marino
Repubblica di San Marino
CapitalSan Marino
Population34,109
GDP$2.0bn
Area61 km²
RegionEurope & Central Asia
Data sources current · last checked September 20, 2026 2:11 am
Country facts
Overview
Background
Geographically the third-smallest state in Europe (after the Holy See and Monaco), San Marino also claims to be the world's oldest republic. According to tradition, it was founded by a Christian stonemason named MARINUS in A.D. 301. San Marino's foreign policy is aligned with that of the EU, although it is not a member. San Marino is negotiating an Association Agreement that is expected to allow participation in the EU’s internal market and cooperation in other policy areas by late 2024. Social and political trends in the republic track closely with those of its larger neighbor, Italy.
Reference: 2024Geography
Location
Southern Europe, an enclave in central Italy
Map references
Europe
Area
total: 61 sq km
land: 61 sq km
water: 0 sq km
land: 61 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative
about one-third the size of Washington, D.C.
Land boundaries
total: 37 km
border countries: Italy 37 km
border countries: Italy 37 km
Coastline
0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims
none (landlocked)
Climate
Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers
Terrain
rugged mountains
Elevation
highest point: Monte Titano 739 m
lowest point: Torrente Ausa 55 m
lowest point: Torrente Ausa 55 m
Natural resources
building stone
Land use
agricultural land: 38.3% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 33.1% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 5.2% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)
forest: 16.7% (2023 est.)
other: 45% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023, 2022agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 33.1% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 5.2% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)
forest: 16.7% (2023 est.)
other: 45% (2023 est.)
Irrigated land
0 sq km (2022)
Reference: 2022Natural hazards
occasional earthquakes
Geography - note
landlocked; an enclave of (completely surrounded by) Italy; smallest independent state in Europe after the Holy See and Monaco; dominated by the Apennine Mountains
Population & Society
Nationality
noun: Sammarinese (singular and plural)
adjective: Sammarinese
adjective: Sammarinese
Ethnic groups
Sammarinese, Italian
Languages
Languages: Italian
major-language sample(s): L'Almanacco dei fatti del mondo, l'indispensabile fonte per le informazioni di base. (Italian)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
major-language sample(s): L'Almanacco dei fatti del mondo, l'indispensabile fonte per le informazioni di base. (Italian)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions
Roman Catholic
Age structure
0-14 years: 14.2% (male 2,614/female 2,387)
15-64 years: 64.3% (male 10,916/female 11,648)
65 years and over: 21.5% (2024 est.) (male 3,414/female 4,116)
Reference: 202415-64 years: 64.3% (male 10,916/female 11,648)
65 years and over: 21.5% (2024 est.) (male 3,414/female 4,116)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio: 55.5 (2024 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 22.2 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 33.4 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio: 3 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024youth dependency ratio: 22.2 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 33.4 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio: 3 (2024 est.)
Median age
total: 46.1 years (2024 est.)
male: 44.5 years
female: 47.4 years
Reference: 2024male: 44.5 years
female: 47.4 years
Population growth rate
0.57% (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Birth rate
9 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Death rate
8.9 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Major urban areas - population
4,000 SAN MARINO (2018)
Reference: 2018Sex ratio
at birth: 1.09 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.1 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.83 male(s)/female
total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Reference: 20240-14 years: 1.1 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.94 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.83 male(s)/female
total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth
31.9 years (2019)
Reference: 2019Maternal mortality ratio
8 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Gross reproduction rate
0.74 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Drinking water source
improved: total: total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022unimproved: total: total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 8% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 29.5% of national budget (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022, 2021Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 29.5% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
4.63 physicians/1,000 population (2023)
Reference: 2023Sanitation facility access
improved: total: total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022unimproved: total: total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
47.7% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 16 years (2015 est.)
male: 15 years (2015 est.)
female: 16 years (2015 est.)
Reference: 2015male: 15 years (2015 est.)
female: 16 years (2015 est.)
Migration & Displacement
Immigrant/emigrant stock measures the number of international migrants resident in, or originating from, the country; it is not the same as annual immigration/emigration flows.
Government & Politics
| Office | Holder | Affiliation | From | Status | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Head of state | Italo Righi | — | 2025-04-01 | Current | Reported |
| Head of state | Denise Bronzetti | — | 2025-04-01 | 2026-09-20 | Reported |
Country name
conventional long form: Republic of San Marino
conventional short form: San Marino
local long form: Repubblica di San Marino
local short form: San Marino
etymology: named after Saint MARINUS, who founded a monastic settlement on Monte Titano in the early 4th century
conventional short form: San Marino
local long form: Repubblica di San Marino
local short form: San Marino
etymology: named after Saint MARINUS, who founded a monastic settlement on Monte Titano in the early 4th century
Capital
name: San Marino (city)
geographic coordinates: 43 56 N, 12 25 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
etymology: named after Saint MARINUS, who founded a monastic settlement on Monte Titano in the early 4th century
geographic coordinates: 43 56 N, 12 25 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
etymology: named after Saint MARINUS, who founded a monastic settlement on Monte Titano in the early 4th century
Administrative divisions
9 municipalities (castelli, singular - castello); Acquaviva, Borgo Maggiore, Chiesanuova, Domagnano, Faetano, Fiorentino, Montegiardino, San Marino Citta, Serravalle
Legal system
civil law system with Italian civil law influences
Constitution
history: San Marino’s principal legislative instruments consist of old customs (antiche consuetudini), the Statutory Laws of San Marino (Leges Statutae Sancti Marini), old statutes (antichi statute) from the1600s, Brief Notes on the Constitutional Order and Institutional Organs of the Republic of San Marino (Brevi Cenni sull’Ordinamento Costituzionale e gli Organi Istituzionali della Repubblica di San Marino) and successive legislation, chief among them is the Declaration of the Rights of Citizens and Fundamental Principles of the San Marino Legal Order (Dichiarazione dei Diritti dei Cittadini e dei Principi Fondamentali dell’Ordinamento Sammarinese), approved 8 July 1974
amendment process: proposed by the Great and General Council; passage requires two-thirds majority Council vote; Council passage by absolute majority vote also requires passage in a referendum
Reference: 1974amendment process: proposed by the Great and General Council; passage requires two-thirds majority Council vote; Council passage by absolute majority vote also requires passage in a referendum
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Citizenship
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of San Marino
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 30 years
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of San Marino
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 30 years
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch
chief of state: co-chiefs of state Captains Regent Matteo ROSSI and Lorenzo BUGLI (for the period 1 October 2025 - 31 March 2026)
head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Luca BECCARI (since 8 January 2020)
cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Grand and General Council
election/appointment process: co-chiefs of state (captains regent) indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 6-month term; Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 5-year term
most recent election date: co-chiefs of state: 1 April 2025
secretary of state: 28 December 2019
election results: 2025: Denise BRONZETTI (Reformist Alliance) and Italo RIGHI (Christian Democrat) elected captains regent: percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA
2024: Francesca CIVERCHIA (PDCS) and Dalibor RICCARDI (Free San Marino) elected captains regent; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA
2019: Luca BECCARI (PDCS) elected Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA
expected date of next election: co-chiefs of state: September 2025
note: note: the captains regent preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has seven other members who are selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are seven secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has some prime ministerial roles
Reference: 2026, 2025, 2024, 2020head of government: Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs Luca BECCARI (since 8 January 2020)
cabinet: Congress of State elected by the Grand and General Council
election/appointment process: co-chiefs of state (captains regent) indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 6-month term; Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs indirectly elected by the Grand and General Council for a single 5-year term
most recent election date: co-chiefs of state: 1 April 2025
secretary of state: 28 December 2019
election results: 2025: Denise BRONZETTI (Reformist Alliance) and Italo RIGHI (Christian Democrat) elected captains regent: percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA
2024: Francesca CIVERCHIA (PDCS) and Dalibor RICCARDI (Free San Marino) elected captains regent; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA
2019: Luca BECCARI (PDCS) elected Secretary of State for Foreign and Political Affairs; percent of Grand and General Council vote - NA
expected date of next election: co-chiefs of state: September 2025
note: note: the captains regent preside over meetings of the Grand and General Council and its cabinet (Congress of State), which has seven other members who are selected by the Grand and General Council; assisting the captains regent are seven secretaries of state; the secretary of state for Foreign Affairs has some prime ministerial roles
Legislative branch
legislature name: Great and General Council (Consiglio grande e generale)
legislative structure: unicameral
number of seats: 60 (all directly elected)
electoral system: proportional representation
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 5 years
most recent election date: 6/9/2024
parties elected and seats per party: Christian Democratic Party of San Marino (PDCS) (22); Free (Libera) – Socialist Party (PS) (10); Future Republic (RF) (8); Party of Socialists and Democrats (PSD) (8); Tomorrow - Motus Liberi (5); Reformist Alliance (AR) (4); R.E.T.E. Citizens' Movement (3)
percentage of women in chamber: 35%
expected date of next election: June 2029
Reference: 2029, 2024legislative structure: unicameral
number of seats: 60 (all directly elected)
electoral system: proportional representation
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 5 years
most recent election date: 6/9/2024
parties elected and seats per party: Christian Democratic Party of San Marino (PDCS) (22); Free (Libera) – Socialist Party (PS) (10); Future Republic (RF) (8); Party of Socialists and Democrats (PSD) (8); Tomorrow - Motus Liberi (5); Reformist Alliance (AR) (4); R.E.T.E. Citizens' Movement (3)
percentage of women in chamber: 35%
expected date of next election: June 2029
Judicial branch
highest court(s): Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII (consists of 12 members)
judge selection and term of office: judges elected by the Grand and General Council from among its own to serve 5-year terms
subordinate courts: first instance and first appeal criminal, administrative, and civil courts; Court for the Trust and Trustee Relations; justices of the peace or conciliatory judges
note: note: the College of Guarantors for the Constitutionality and General Norms functions as San Marino's constitutional court
judge selection and term of office: judges elected by the Grand and General Council from among its own to serve 5-year terms
subordinate courts: first instance and first appeal criminal, administrative, and civil courts; Court for the Trust and Trustee Relations; justices of the peace or conciliatory judges
note: note: the College of Guarantors for the Constitutionality and General Norms functions as San Marino's constitutional court
Political parties
Domani - Modus Liberi or DML
Free San Marino (Libera San Marino) or Libera
Future Republic or RF
Party of Socialists and Democrats or PSD
Reformist Alliance or AR
RETE Movement
Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party or PDCS
Socialist Party or PS
Tomorrow in Movement coalition (includes RETE Movement, DML)
Free San Marino (Libera San Marino) or Libera
Future Republic or RF
Party of Socialists and Democrats or PSD
Reformist Alliance or AR
RETE Movement
Sammarinese Christian Democratic Party or PDCS
Socialist Party or PS
Tomorrow in Movement coalition (includes RETE Movement, DML)
Diplomatic representation in the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Damiano BELEFFI (since 21 July 2017); note - also Permanent Representative to the UN
chancery: 327 E 50th Street, New York, NY 10022
telephone: [1] (212) 751-1234
FAX: [1] (212) 751-1436
email address and website: sanmarinoun@gmail.com
Republic of San Marino Permanent Mission to the United Nations
Reference: 2017chancery: 327 E 50th Street, New York, NY 10022
telephone: [1] (212) 751-1234
FAX: [1] (212) 751-1436
email address and website: sanmarinoun@gmail.com
Republic of San Marino Permanent Mission to the United Nations
Diplomatic representation from the US
embassy: the United States does not have an Embassy in San Marino; the US Ambassador to Italy is accredited to San Marino, and the US Consulate General in Florence maintains day-to-day ties
International organization participation
CE, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), OPCW, OSCE, Schengen Convention (de facto member), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO
Independence
3 September 301 (traditional founding date)
National holiday
Founding of the Republic (or Feast of Saint Marinus), 3 September (A.D. 301)
Flag
description: two equal horizontal bands of white (top) and light blue, with the national coat of arms in the center; the main colors come from the shield on the coat of arms, which features three white towers on mountain peaks on a blue field; a wreath and a crown are around the shield, above a scroll with the word LIBERTAS (Liberty)
meaning: the towers represent the Guaita, Cesta, and Montale castles on Mount Titano; white and blue are said to stand for peace and liberty
meaning: the towers represent the Guaita, Cesta, and Montale castles on Mount Titano; white and blue are said to stand for peace and liberty
National symbol(s)
three peaks, each displaying a tower
National color(s)
white, blue
National anthem(s)
title: "Inno Nazionale della Repubblica" (National Anthem of the Republic)
lyrics/music: no lyrics/Federico CONSOLO
history: adopted 1894; the music for the anthem, which has no lyrics, is based on a 10th-century chorale piece
lyrics/music: no lyrics/Federico CONSOLO
history: adopted 1894; the music for the anthem, which has no lyrics, is based on a 10th-century chorale piece
National heritage
total World Heritage Sites: 1 (cultural)
selected World Heritage Site locales: San Marino Historic Center and Mount Titano
selected World Heritage Site locales: San Marino Historic Center and Mount Titano
Government & Official Links
| Institution | Official website | X / Twitter | Verification |
|---|---|---|---|
| San Marino official website | Official website | — | Reported · source Checked September 20, 2026 |
Institutional accounts only; personal accounts of political office-holders are excluded.
Legislature & Elections
Legislature
| Name | Chamber | Seats | Electoral system |
|---|---|---|---|
| Grand and General Council | — | 60 | — |
Economy
Economic overview
high-income, non-EU European economy; surrounded by Italy, which is the dominant importer and exporter; open border to EU and a euro user; strong financial sector; high foreign investments; low taxation; increasingly high and risky debt
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $2.393 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021: $2.218 billion (2021 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020: $1.947 billion (2020 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Reference: 2022, 2021, 2020Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021: $2.218 billion (2021 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2020: $1.947 billion (2020 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP per capita
Real GDP per capita 2022: $70,900 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2021: $64,700 (2021 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2020: $56,000 (2020 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Reference: 2022, 2021, 2020Real GDP per capita 2021: $64,700 (2021 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2020: $56,000 (2020 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
agriculture: 0% (2022 est.)
industry: 37.6% (2022 est.)
services: 55.1% (2022 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
Reference: 2022industry: 37.6% (2022 est.)
services: 55.1% (2022 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
GDP - composition, by end use
household consumption: 35.5% (2022 est.)
government consumption: 17.1% (2022 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 17.8% (2022 est.)
investment in inventories: 5.2% (2022 est.)
exports of goods and services: 197.4% (2022 est.)
imports of goods and services: -173% (2022 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Reference: 2022government consumption: 17.1% (2022 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 17.8% (2022 est.)
investment in inventories: 5.2% (2022 est.)
exports of goods and services: 197.4% (2022 est.)
imports of goods and services: -173% (2022 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Agricultural products
wheat, grapes, corn, olives; cattle, pigs, horses, beef, cheese, hides
Industries
tourism, banking, textiles, electronics, ceramics, cement, wine
Industrial production growth rate
10.7% (2022 est.)
note: note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Reference: 2022note: note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Remittances
Remittances 2022: 1.2% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2021: 1.1% of GDP (2021 est.)
Remittances 2020: 1.1% of GDP (2020 est.)
note: note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Reference: 2022, 2021, 2020Remittances 2021: 1.1% of GDP (2021 est.)
Remittances 2020: 1.1% of GDP (2020 est.)
note: note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Budget
revenues: $841.03 million (2023 est.)
expenditures: $816.886 million (2023 est.)
note: note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Reference: 2023expenditures: $816.886 million (2023 est.)
note: note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Public debt
Public debt 2022: 103.2% of GDP (2022 est.)
note: note: central government debt as a % of GDP
Reference: 2022note: note: central government debt as a % of GDP
Taxes and other revenues
17.8% (of GDP) (2022 est.)
note: note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
Reference: 2022note: note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
Current account balance
Current account balance 2022: $284.256 million (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2021: $100.118 million (2021 est.)
Current account balance 2020: $42.98 million (2020 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Reference: 2022, 2021, 2020Current account balance 2021: $100.118 million (2021 est.)
Current account balance 2020: $42.98 million (2020 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
Exports 2022: $3.616 billion (2022 est.)
Exports 2021: $3.23 billion (2021 est.)
Exports 2020: $2.439 billion (2020 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2022, 2021, 2020Exports 2021: $3.23 billion (2021 est.)
Exports 2020: $2.439 billion (2020 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - partners
Germany 12%, Austria 10%, USA 9%, Romania 8%, Brazil 7% (2023)
note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Exports - commodities
washing and bottling machines, other foods, packaged medicine, woodworking machines, aircraft (2023)
note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports
Imports 2022: $3.169 billion (2022 est.)
Imports 2021: $2.94 billion (2021 est.)
Imports 2020: $2.232 billion (2020 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2022, 2021, 2020Imports 2021: $2.94 billion (2021 est.)
Imports 2020: $2.232 billion (2020 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - partners
Germany 24%, Italy 13%, Netherlands 9%, Spain 9%, Poland 8% (2023)
note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Imports - commodities
garments, cars, electricity, animal food, footwear (2023)
note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $836.088 million (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $716.066 million (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021: $954.383 million (2021 est.)
note: note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Reference: 2023, 2022, 2021Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $716.066 million (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021: $954.383 million (2021 est.)
note: note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Exchange rates
Currency: euros (EUR) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2024: 0.924 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 0.925 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 0.951 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 0.845 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020: 0.877 (2020 est.)
note: note: while not an EU member state, San Marino, due to its preexisting monetary and banking agreements with Italy, has a 2000 monetary agreement with the EU to produce limited euro coinage—but not banknotes—that began enforcement in January 2002 and was superseded by a new EU agreement in 2012
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Exchange rates 2024: 0.924 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 0.925 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 0.951 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 0.845 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020: 0.877 (2020 est.)
note: note: while not an EU member state, San Marino, due to its preexisting monetary and banking agreements with Italy, has a 2000 monetary agreement with the EU to produce limited euro coinage—but not banknotes—that began enforcement in January 2002 and was superseded by a new EU agreement in 2012
Trade
Current account balance
Current account balance 2022: $284.256 million (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2021: $100.118 million (2021 est.)
Current account balance 2020: $42.98 million (2020 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Reference: 2022, 2021, 2020Current account balance 2021: $100.118 million (2021 est.)
Current account balance 2020: $42.98 million (2020 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
Exports 2022: $3.616 billion (2022 est.)
Exports 2021: $3.23 billion (2021 est.)
Exports 2020: $2.439 billion (2020 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2022, 2021, 2020Exports 2021: $3.23 billion (2021 est.)
Exports 2020: $2.439 billion (2020 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - partners
Germany 12%, Austria 10%, USA 9%, Romania 8%, Brazil 7% (2023)
note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Exports - commodities
washing and bottling machines, other foods, packaged medicine, woodworking machines, aircraft (2023)
note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports
Imports 2022: $3.169 billion (2022 est.)
Imports 2021: $2.94 billion (2021 est.)
Imports 2020: $2.232 billion (2020 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2022, 2021, 2020Imports 2021: $2.94 billion (2021 est.)
Imports 2020: $2.232 billion (2020 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - partners
Germany 24%, Italy 13%, Netherlands 9%, Spain 9%, Poland 8% (2023)
note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Imports - commodities
garments, cars, electricity, animal food, footwear (2023)
note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Energy & Resources
Infrastructure
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 16,000 (2022 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 47 (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 47 (2022 est.)
Health
Maternal mortality ratio
8 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 8% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 29.5% of national budget (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022, 2021Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 29.5% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
4.63 physicians/1,000 population (2023)
Reference: 2023Education
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 16 years (2015 est.)
male: 15 years (2015 est.)
female: 16 years (2015 est.)
Reference: 2015male: 15 years (2015 est.)
female: 16 years (2015 est.)
Rights, Freedoms & Society
LGBTQ+ Rights & Law
Concrete legal-status fields only; Knelstrom does not generate an LGBTQ rights score or country ranking.
Source: Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory (CC BY-SA 4.0). Community-edited legal-status summary; retrieved by Knelstrom and not legal advice.
Crime & Justice
Legal system
civil law system with Italian civil law influences
Judicial branch
highest court(s): Council of Twelve or Consiglio dei XII (consists of 12 members)
judge selection and term of office: judges elected by the Grand and General Council from among its own to serve 5-year terms
subordinate courts: first instance and first appeal criminal, administrative, and civil courts; Court for the Trust and Trustee Relations; justices of the peace or conciliatory judges
note: note: the College of Guarantors for the Constitutionality and General Norms functions as San Marino's constitutional court
judge selection and term of office: judges elected by the Grand and General Council from among its own to serve 5-year terms
subordinate courts: first instance and first appeal criminal, administrative, and civil courts; Court for the Trust and Trustee Relations; justices of the peace or conciliatory judges
note: note: the College of Guarantors for the Constitutionality and General Norms functions as San Marino's constitutional court
Military & Security
Military and security forces
San Marino Military Corps (Corpi Militari Sammarinesi; aka Sammarinese Armed Forces or Forze Armate Sammarinesi): Fortress Guard Command (or Guard of the Rock), Uniformed Company of the Militias, Guard of the Great and General Council, Corps of the Gendarmerie
Ministry of Internal Affairs: Civil Police Corps (2025)
Ministry of Internal Affairs: Civil Police Corps (2025)
Military service age and obligation
18 is the legal minimum age for voluntary military service; no conscription; government has the authority to call up all San Marino citizens from 16-60 years of age to serve in the military (2024)
Reference: 2024Military - note
defense is the responsibility of Italy
International Relations
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Diplomatic representation in the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Damiano BELEFFI (since 21 July 2017); note - also Permanent Representative to the UN
chancery: 327 E 50th Street, New York, NY 10022
telephone: [1] (212) 751-1234
FAX: [1] (212) 751-1436
email address and website: sanmarinoun@gmail.com
Republic of San Marino Permanent Mission to the United Nations
Reference: 2017chancery: 327 E 50th Street, New York, NY 10022
telephone: [1] (212) 751-1234
FAX: [1] (212) 751-1436
email address and website: sanmarinoun@gmail.com
Republic of San Marino Permanent Mission to the United Nations
Diplomatic representation from the US
embassy: the United States does not have an Embassy in San Marino; the US Ambassador to Italy is accredited to San Marino, and the US Consulate General in Florence maintains day-to-day ties
International organization participation
CE, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), OPCW, OSCE, Schengen Convention (de facto member), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO
Treaties & Organisations
| Organisation | Status | Joined |
|---|---|---|
| Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) | member | 1973-06-25 |
| United Nations (UN) | member | 1992-03-02 |
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
International organization participation
CE, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAIA (observer), OPCW, OSCE, Schengen Convention (de facto member), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO
Transportation & Logistics
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
T7
Airports
1 (2025)
Environment
Environmental issues
air pollution; urbanization decreasing rural farmlands; water shortage
International environmental agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution
Climate
Mediterranean; mild to cool winters; warm, sunny summers
Land use
agricultural land: 38.3% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 33.1% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 5.2% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)
forest: 16.7% (2023 est.)
other: 45% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023, 2022agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 33.1% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 5.2% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)
forest: 16.7% (2023 est.)
other: 45% (2023 est.)
Urbanization
urban population: 97.8% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 0.41% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Reference: 2023, 2020rate of urbanization: 0.41% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Particulate matter emissions
9.8 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Reference: 2019Waste and recycling
municipal solid waste generated annually: 17,200 tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 45.1% (2016 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2016percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 45.1% (2016 est.)
Communications & Media
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 16,000 (2022 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 47 (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 47 (2022 est.)
Broadcast media
state-owned public broadcaster operates 1 TV station and 3 radio stations; receives radio and TV broadcasts from Italy (2019)
Reference: 2019Internet country code
.sm
Historical Trends
Population
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View Population data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 33,101 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | 33,825 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | 34,522 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | 34,663 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | 34,770 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | 34,252 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | 33,755 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | 33,860 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 33,977 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | 34,109 | world_bank_wdi |
GDP (current US$)
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View GDP (current US$) data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | $1,468,342,400 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | $1,528,621,193 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | $1,655,354,329 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | $1,616,231,696 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | $1,544,713,785 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | $1,855,395,712 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | $1,831,701,023 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | $2,027,243,194 | world_bank_wdi |
International migrant stock (immigrants)
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View International migrant stock (immigrants) data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 5,543 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 5,838 | world_bank_wdi |
International emigrant stock
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View International emigrant stock data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 2,457 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 1995 | 2,382 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2000 | 2,237 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2005 | 2,080 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2010 | 1,954 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2015 | 1,866 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2020 | 2,433 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2024 | 1,991 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
Net migration
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View Net migration data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 291 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | 234 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | 172 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | 187 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | 247 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | -368 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | -403 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | -190 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 37 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | 122 | world_bank_wdi |
Sources & Methodology
Current statistical observations include their reference period and provenance. Reference fields from approved source datasets are attributed below. Missing information is left unknown rather than inferred.
| Indicator | Value | Period | Source | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 34,109 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| UN Population Division population estimate | 33,605 | 2026 | UN Population Division Data Portal | Estimated |
| Wikidata population (fallback) | 33,600 | 2021 | Wikidata | Reported |
| International migrant stock (immigrants) | 5,838 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| International migrant stock | 17.4% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| International emigrant stock | 1,991 | 2024 | UN DESA International Migrant Stock 2024 | Estimated |
| Net migration | 122 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Refugees from this country | 0 | 2005 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Asylum seekers from this country | 5 | 2005 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Same-sex sexual activity | Yes Legal since 1865; + UN decl. sign. | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Recognition of same-sex relationships | Yes Civil unions since 2019 | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Same-sex marriage | No | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Same-sex adoption | Yes / No Stepchild adoption legal since 2019 | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Sexual-orientation anti-discrimination law | Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Gender identity / expression law | No No legal recognition | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| GDP (current US$) | $2,027,243,194 | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| GDP per capita (current US$) | $59,871 | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| GDP growth | 0.4% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Inflation, consumer prices | 2.3% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Income level | High income | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Life expectancy at birth | 85.8 years | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Fertility rate | 1.2 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Urban population | 97.2% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Individuals using the Internet | 97.4% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Exports of goods and services | 186.0% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Imports of goods and services | 155.0% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Trade | 341.0% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Adult literacy rate | 99.9% | 2022 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Secondary school enrolment, gross | 60.4% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Government education expenditure | 2.9% | 2022 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Access to electricity | 100.0% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Current health expenditure | 6.6% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Infant mortality rate | 1.2 per 1,000 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Forest area | 16.7% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Mobile cellular subscriptions | 120.3 per 100 | 2022 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Fixed broadband subscriptions | 35.8 per 100 | 2022 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Secure Internet servers | 36,024 per million | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Latitude | 43.9322° | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Longitude | 12.4486° | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Latitude (Wikidata) | 43.9333° | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Longitude (Wikidata) | 12.4667° | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Time zone | Central European Time, Europe/San_Marino | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Form of government | parliamentary republic, diarchy | current | Wikidata | Reported |
Data attribution
Credits below are generated from sources actually used by this country profile. Source-specific terms take precedence.
- CIA World Factbook, final 2025 country profile (structured via factbook.json). Accessed September 20, 2026. U.S. Government public-domain data; retained as a reference source where a newer approved field is not available. Source · Terms/licence
- United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, International Migrant Stock 2024; data access/processing via Our World in Data. Accessed September 20, 2026. Underlying UN dataset used under CC BY 3.0 IGO. Source · Terms/licence
- United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, World Population Prospects (WPP indicator 49) Accessed September 19, 2026. Used under CC BY 3.0 IGO; current-year WPP population values are presented as estimates/projections where applicable. Source · Terms/licence
- Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem), Country-Year Dataset v16 (variables: availability) Accessed September 20, 2026. Used under CC BY-SA 4.0; V-Dem measures are expert-coded/modelled and no V-Dem endorsement is implied. Source · Terms/licence
- Wikidata structured data (CC0). Accessed September 20, 2026. Attribution is provided by Knelstrom for provenance although CC0 does not require it. Source · Terms/licence
- Wikipedia, “LGBTQ rights by country or territory” (source revision/data fields: Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Gender identity / expression law, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Recognition of same-sex relationships, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex adoption, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex marriage, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex sexual activity, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Sexual-orientation anti-discrimination law) Accessed September 20, 2026. Used under CC BY-SA 4.0. Knelstrom changes formatting and presents the imported material as a community-edited legal-status summary, not legal advice or a Knelstrom rights score. Source · Terms/licence
- World Bank, World Development Indicators (series: AG.LND.FRST.ZS, country_metadata, EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS, FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG, IT.CEL.SETS.P2, IT.NET.BBND.P2, IT.NET.SECR.P6, IT.NET.USER.ZS, NE.EXP.GNFS.ZS, NE.IMP.GNFS.ZS, NE.TRD.GNFS.ZS, NY.GDP.MKTP.CD, NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG, NY.GDP.PCAP.CD, SE.ADT.LITR.ZS, SE.SEC.ENRR, SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS, SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS, SM.POP.ASYS.EO, SM.POP.NETM, SM.POP.RHCR.EO, SM.POP.TOTL, SM.POP.TOTL.ZS, SP.DYN.IMRT.IN, SP.DYN.LE00.IN, SP.DYN.TFRT.IN, SP.POP.TOTL, SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS) Accessed September 20, 2026. Data used under CC BY 4.0; Knelstrom presentation/formatting may differ from the source. Source · Terms/licence
Knelstrom does not imply endorsement by any listed data provider.
Last automated statistical refresh: 2026-09-20 02:10:30