Knelstrom Intelligence · World Factbook
Monaco
CapitalMonaco
Population38,341
GDP$11.1bn
Area2 km²
RegionEurope & Central Asia
Data sources current · last checked September 20, 2026 2:11 am
Country facts
Overview
Background
The Genoese built a fortress on the site of present-day Monaco in 1215. The current ruling GRIMALDI family first seized control in 1297 but was not able to permanently secure its holding until 1419. Economic development was spurred in the late 19th century with a railroad linkup to France and the opening of a casino. Since then, the principality's mild climate, coastal Mediterranean scenery, and gambling facilities have made Monaco world-famous as a tourist and recreation center.
Geography
Location
Western Europe, bordering the Mediterranean Sea on the southern coast of France, near the border with Italy
Map references
Europe
Area
total: 2 sq km
land: 2 sq km
water: 0 sq km
land: 2 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative
about three times the size of the National Mall in Washington, D.C.
Land boundaries
total: 6 km
border countries: France 6 km
border countries: France 6 km
Coastline
4.1 km
Maritime claims
territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 12 nm
Climate
Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers
Terrain
hilly, rugged, rocky
Elevation
highest point: Chemin des Revoires on Mont Agel 162 m
lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m
lowest point: Mediterranean Sea 0 m
Natural resources
none
Land use
agricultural land: 0% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 0% (2018 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 1% (2018 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)
forest: 0% (2022 est.)
other: 100% (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022, 2018agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 0% (2018 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 1% (2018 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)
forest: 0% (2022 est.)
other: 100% (2022 est.)
Irrigated land
0 sq km (2022)
Reference: 2022Population distribution
the second most densely populated country in the world (after Macau); its entire population lives on 2 sq km (0.8 sq mi)
Natural hazards
none
Geography - note
second-smallest independent state in the world (after the Holy See); smallest country with a coastline; almost entirely urban
Population & Society
Nationality
noun: Monegasque(s) or Monacan(s)
adjective: Monegasque or Monacan
adjective: Monegasque or Monacan
Ethnic groups
Monegasque 32.1%, French 19.9%, Italian 15.3%, British 5%, Belgian 2.3%, Swiss 2%, German 1.9%, Russian 1.8%, American 1.1%, Dutch 1.1%, Moroccan 1%, other 16.6% (2016 est.)
note: note: data represent population by country of birth
Reference: 2016note: note: data represent population by country of birth
Languages
Languages: French (official), English, Italian, Monegasque
major-language sample(s): The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
major-language sample(s): The World Factbook, une source indispensable d'informations de base. (French)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions
Roman Catholic 90% (official), other 10%
Age structure
0-14 years: 9.1% (male 1,485/female 1,408)
15-64 years: 53.8% (male 8,620/female 8,490)
65 years and over: 37.1% (2024 est.) (male 5,261/female 6,549)
Reference: 202415-64 years: 53.8% (male 8,620/female 8,490)
65 years and over: 37.1% (2024 est.) (male 5,261/female 6,549)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio: 85.9 (2024 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 16.9 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 69 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio: 1.4 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024youth dependency ratio: 16.9 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 69 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio: 1.4 (2024 est.)
Median age
total: 56.9 years (2024 est.)
male: 55 years
female: 58.4 years
Reference: 2024male: 55 years
female: 58.4 years
Population growth rate
0.71% (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Birth rate
6.5 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Death rate
11.1 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Population distribution
the second most densely populated country in the world (after Macau); its entire population lives on 2 sq km (0.8 sq mi)
Major urban areas - population
39,000 MONACO (capital) (2018)
Reference: 2018Sex ratio
at birth: 1.04 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female
total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Reference: 20240-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.8 male(s)/female
total population: 0.93 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio
5 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Gross reproduction rate
0.76 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Drinking water source
improved: urban: urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022improved: total: total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 3.7% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 12% of national budget (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022, 2021Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 12% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
8.61 physicians/1,000 population (2020)
Reference: 2020Sanitation facility access
improved: urban: urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022improved: total: total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 21 years (2024 est.)
male: 20 years (2024 est.)
female: 22 years (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024male: 20 years (2024 est.)
female: 22 years (2024 est.)
Migration & Displacement
Immigrant/emigrant stock measures the number of international migrants resident in, or originating from, the country; it is not the same as annual immigration/emigration flows.
Refugees and internally displaced persons
refugees: 17 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Government & Politics
| Office | Holder | Affiliation | From | Status | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Head of government | Christophe Mirmand | — | 2025-07-21 | Current | Reported |
| Head of state | Albert II, Prince of Monaco | — | 2005-04-06 | Current | Reported |
Country name
conventional long form: Principality of Monaco
conventional short form: Monaco
local long form: Principauté de Monaco
local short form: Monaco
etymology: founded as a Greek colony in the 6th century B.C., the name's origin is unclear; it could derive from the Greek term monoikos (solitary), the Ligurian word monegu (rock), or the Basque word muno (mountain)
conventional short form: Monaco
local long form: Principauté de Monaco
local short form: Monaco
etymology: founded as a Greek colony in the 6th century B.C., the name's origin is unclear; it could derive from the Greek term monoikos (solitary), the Ligurian word monegu (rock), or the Basque word muno (mountain)
Capital
name: Monaco
geographic coordinates: 43 44 N, 7 25 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
etymology: founded as a Greek colony in the 6th century B.C., the name's origin is unclear; it could derive from the Greek term monoikos (solitary), the Ligurian word monegu (rock), or the Basque word muno (mountain)
geographic coordinates: 43 44 N, 7 25 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
etymology: founded as a Greek colony in the 6th century B.C., the name's origin is unclear; it could derive from the Greek term monoikos (solitary), the Ligurian word monegu (rock), or the Basque word muno (mountain)
Administrative divisions
no first-order administrative divisions as defined by the US government, but 4 quarters (quartiers, singular - quartier); Fontvieille, La Condamine, Monaco-Ville, Monte-Carlo
note: note: Moneghetti, part of La Condamine, is sometimes called the fifth quarter of Monaco
note: note: Moneghetti, part of La Condamine, is sometimes called the fifth quarter of Monaco
Legal system
civil law system influenced by French legal tradition
Constitution
history: previous 1911 (suspended 1959); latest adopted 17 December 1962
amendment process: proposed by joint agreement of the chief of state (the prince) and the National Council; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of National Council members
Reference: 1962, 1959, 1911amendment process: proposed by joint agreement of the chief of state (the prince) and the National Council; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of National Council members
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
Citizenship
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Monaco; in the case of a child born out of wedlock, the mother must be a citizen and father unknown
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years
citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Monaco; in the case of a child born out of wedlock, the mother must be a citizen and father unknown
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch
chief of state: Prince ALBERT II (since 6 April 2005)
head of government: Minister of State Christophe MIRMAND (since 21 July 2025)
cabinet: Council of Government under the authority of the monarch
election/appointment process: the monarchy is hereditary; minister of state appointed by the monarch from a list of three French national candidates presented by the French Government
Reference: 2025, 2005head of government: Minister of State Christophe MIRMAND (since 21 July 2025)
cabinet: Council of Government under the authority of the monarch
election/appointment process: the monarchy is hereditary; minister of state appointed by the monarch from a list of three French national candidates presented by the French Government
Legislative branch
legislature name: National Council (Conseil national)
legislative structure: unicameral
number of seats: 24 (all directly elected)
electoral system: proportional representation
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 5 years
most recent election date: 2/5/2023
parties elected and seats per party: Monegasque National Union - l’Union (24)
percentage of women in chamber: 45.8%
expected date of next election: February 2028
Reference: 2028, 2023legislative structure: unicameral
number of seats: 24 (all directly elected)
electoral system: proportional representation
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 5 years
most recent election date: 2/5/2023
parties elected and seats per party: Monegasque National Union - l’Union (24)
percentage of women in chamber: 45.8%
expected date of next election: February 2028
Judicial branch
highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of 5 permanent members and 2 substitutes)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court members appointed by the monarch upon the proposals of the National Council, State Council, Crown Council, Court of Appeal, and Trial Court
subordinate courts: Court of Appeal; Civil Court of First Instance
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court members appointed by the monarch upon the proposals of the National Council, State Council, Crown Council, Court of Appeal, and Trial Court
subordinate courts: Court of Appeal; Civil Court of First Instance
Political parties
Monegasque National Union (includes Horizon Monaco, Primo!, Union Monegasque)
Horizon Monaco
Priorite Monaco or Primo!
Union Monegasque
Horizon Monaco
Priorite Monaco or Primo!
Union Monegasque
Diplomatic representation in the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Maguy MACCARIO DOYLE (since 3 December 2013)
chancery: 888 17th Street NW, Suite 500, Washington, DC 20006
telephone: [1] (202) 234-1530
FAX: [1] (202) 244-7656
email address and website: info@monacodc.org
https://monacodc.org/index.html
consulate(s) general: New York
Reference: 2013chancery: 888 17th Street NW, Suite 500, Washington, DC 20006
telephone: [1] (202) 234-1530
FAX: [1] (202) 244-7656
email address and website: info@monacodc.org
https://monacodc.org/index.html
consulate(s) general: New York
Diplomatic representation from the US
embassy: US does not have an embassy in Monaco; the US Ambassador to France is accredited to Monaco; the US Consul General in Marseille (France), under the authority of the US Ambassador to France, handles diplomatic and consular matters concerning Monaco; +(33)(1) 43-12-22-22, enter zero "0" after the automated greeting; US Embassy Paris, 2 Avenue Gabriel, 75008 Paris, France
International organization participation
CD, CE, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITSO, ITU, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, Schengen Convention (de facto member), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO
Independence
1419 (beginning of permanent rule by the House of GRIMALDI)
National holiday
National Day (Saint Rainier's Day), 19 November (1857)
Flag
description: two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white
history: uses the colors of the ruling House of Grimaldi; colors have been in use since 1339, making it one of the world's oldest national flags
note: note: similar to the flags of Indonesia (longer) and Poland (colors reversed)
history: uses the colors of the ruling House of Grimaldi; colors have been in use since 1339, making it one of the world's oldest national flags
note: note: similar to the flags of Indonesia (longer) and Poland (colors reversed)
National symbol(s)
red and white lozenges (diamond shapes)
National color(s)
red, white
National anthem(s)
title: "A Marcia de Muneghu" (The March of Monaco)
lyrics/music: Louis NOTARI/Charles ALBRECHT
history: music adopted 1867, lyrics adopted 1931; only the Monegasque lyrics are official; the French version is known as "Hymne Monegasque" (Monegasque Anthem); the words are usually only sung on official occasions
Reference: 1931lyrics/music: Louis NOTARI/Charles ALBRECHT
history: music adopted 1867, lyrics adopted 1931; only the Monegasque lyrics are official; the French version is known as "Hymne Monegasque" (Monegasque Anthem); the words are usually only sung on official occasions
Government & Official Links
| Institution | Official website | X / Twitter | Verification |
|---|---|---|---|
| Monaco official website | Official website | — | Reported · source Checked September 20, 2026 |
Institutional accounts only; personal accounts of political office-holders are excluded.
Legislature & Elections
Legislature
| Name | Chamber | Seats | Electoral system |
|---|---|---|---|
| National Council | — | 24 | — |
Economy
Economic overview
high-income European economy; non-EU euro user; considered a tax haven; tourism and banking are largest sectors; negatively impacted by COVID-19; major oceanographic museum; among most expensive real estate; major state-owned enterprises
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024: $8.924 billion (2024 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $8.749 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $8.329 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2015 dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2015Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $8.749 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $8.329 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2015 dollars
Real GDP per capita
Real GDP per capita 2024: $270,100 (2024 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023: $256,600 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $226,100 (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2015 dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2015Real GDP per capita 2023: $256,600 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $226,100 (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2015 dollars
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022: 5.9% (2022 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021: 2.1% (2021 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020: 0.5% (2020 est.)
note: note: annual % change based on consumer prices
Reference: 2022, 2021, 2020Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021: 2.1% (2021 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020: 0.5% (2020 est.)
note: note: annual % change based on consumer prices
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
industry: 11.5% (2023 est.)
services: 88.5% (2023 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
Reference: 2023services: 88.5% (2023 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
Agricultural products
none
Industries
banking, insurance, tourism, construction, small-scale industrial and consumer products
Exports - partners
Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Belgium, Spain
(2021)
Reference: 2021(2021)
Exports - commodities
jewelry, perfumes, watches, packaged medicines, cars (2021)
note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2021note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports - partners
Italy, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Germany, China (2021)
Reference: 2021Imports - commodities
jewelry, cars and vehicle parts, recreational boats, plastic products, artwork (2021)
Reference: 2021Exchange rates
Currency: euros (EUR) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2024: 0.924 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 0.925 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 0.95 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 0.845 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020: 0.876 (2020 est.)
note: note: while not an EU member state, Monaco, due to its preexisting monetary and banking agreements with France, has a 1998 monetary agreement with the EU to produce limited euro coinage—but not banknotes—that began enforcement in January 2002 and superseded by a new EU agreement in 2012
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Exchange rates 2024: 0.924 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 0.925 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 0.95 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 0.845 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020: 0.876 (2020 est.)
note: note: while not an EU member state, Monaco, due to its preexisting monetary and banking agreements with France, has a 1998 monetary agreement with the EU to produce limited euro coinage—but not banknotes—that began enforcement in January 2002 and superseded by a new EU agreement in 2012
Trade
Exports - partners
Italy, Switzerland, Germany, Belgium, Spain
(2021)
Reference: 2021(2021)
Exports - commodities
jewelry, perfumes, watches, packaged medicines, cars (2021)
note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2021note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports - partners
Italy, Switzerland, United Kingdom, Germany, China (2021)
Reference: 2021Imports - commodities
jewelry, cars and vehicle parts, recreational boats, plastic products, artwork (2021)
Reference: 2021Energy & Resources
Infrastructure
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 43,000 (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 111 (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 111 (2023 est.)
Health
Maternal mortality ratio
5 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 3.7% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 12% of national budget (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022, 2021Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 12% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
8.61 physicians/1,000 population (2020)
Reference: 2020Education
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 21 years (2024 est.)
male: 20 years (2024 est.)
female: 22 years (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024male: 20 years (2024 est.)
female: 22 years (2024 est.)
Rights, Freedoms & Society
LGBTQ+ Rights & Law
Concrete legal-status fields only; Knelstrom does not generate an LGBTQ rights score or country ranking.
Source: Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory (CC BY-SA 4.0). Community-edited legal-status summary; retrieved by Knelstrom and not legal advice.
Crime & Justice
Legal system
civil law system influenced by French legal tradition
Judicial branch
highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of 5 permanent members and 2 substitutes)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court members appointed by the monarch upon the proposals of the National Council, State Council, Crown Council, Court of Appeal, and Trial Court
subordinate courts: Court of Appeal; Civil Court of First Instance
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court members appointed by the monarch upon the proposals of the National Council, State Council, Crown Council, Court of Appeal, and Trial Court
subordinate courts: Court of Appeal; Civil Court of First Instance
Military & Security
Military and security forces
no regular military forces; Prince’s Company of Carabiniers (Compagnie des Carabiniers du Prince, Police Department (Direction de la Sûreté Publique), Fire and Emergency Service (Corps des Sapeurs-pompiers de Monaco) (2025)
note: note: the primary responsibility for the Compagnie des Carabiniers du Prince is guarding the palace; the Police maintain public order
note: note: the primary responsibility for the Compagnie des Carabiniers du Prince is guarding the palace; the Police maintain public order
Military service age and obligation
the Compagnie des Carabiniers du Prince is staffed by French nationals (2024)
Reference: 2024Military - note
by treaty, France is responsible for defending the independence and sovereignty of Monaco
International Relations
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
Diplomatic representation in the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Maguy MACCARIO DOYLE (since 3 December 2013)
chancery: 888 17th Street NW, Suite 500, Washington, DC 20006
telephone: [1] (202) 234-1530
FAX: [1] (202) 244-7656
email address and website: info@monacodc.org
https://monacodc.org/index.html
consulate(s) general: New York
Reference: 2013chancery: 888 17th Street NW, Suite 500, Washington, DC 20006
telephone: [1] (202) 234-1530
FAX: [1] (202) 244-7656
email address and website: info@monacodc.org
https://monacodc.org/index.html
consulate(s) general: New York
Diplomatic representation from the US
embassy: US does not have an embassy in Monaco; the US Ambassador to France is accredited to Monaco; the US Consul General in Marseille (France), under the authority of the US Ambassador to France, handles diplomatic and consular matters concerning Monaco; +(33)(1) 43-12-22-22, enter zero "0" after the automated greeting; US Embassy Paris, 2 Avenue Gabriel, 75008 Paris, France
International organization participation
CD, CE, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITSO, ITU, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, Schengen Convention (de facto member), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO
Treaties & Organisations
| Organisation | Status | Joined |
|---|---|---|
| Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) | member | 1973-06-25 |
| United Nations (UN) | member | 1993-05-28 |
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
International organization participation
CD, CE, FAO, IAEA, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICRM, IFRCS, IHO, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITSO, ITU, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, OSCE, Schengen Convention (de facto member), UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WMO
Conflict & Security
Refugees and internally displaced persons
refugees: 17 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Transportation & Logistics
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
3A
Heliports
3 (2025)
Railways
note: Monaco has a single railway station but does not operate its own train service; the French operator SNCF operates rail services in Monaco
Merchant marine
total: 1
Ports
total ports: 1 (2024)
large: 0
medium: 0
small: 0
very small: 1
ports with oil terminals: 0
key ports: Monaco
Reference: 2024large: 0
medium: 0
small: 0
very small: 1
ports with oil terminals: 0
key ports: Monaco
Environment
International environmental agreements
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic-Environmental Protection, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Climate
Mediterranean with mild, wet winters and hot, dry summers
Land use
agricultural land: 0% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 0% (2018 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 1% (2018 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)
forest: 0% (2022 est.)
other: 100% (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022, 2018agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 0% (2018 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 1% (2018 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 0% (2018 est.)
forest: 0% (2022 est.)
other: 100% (2022 est.)
Urbanization
urban population: 100% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 0.5% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Reference: 2023, 2020rate of urbanization: 0.5% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Particulate matter emissions
9.2 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Reference: 2019Waste and recycling
municipal solid waste generated annually: 46,000 tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 5.4% (2012 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2012percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 5.4% (2012 est.)
Total water withdrawal
municipal: 10 million cubic meters (2020 est.)
industrial: 0 cubic meters (2017 est.)
agricultural: 0 cubic meters (2017 est.)
Reference: 2020, 2017industrial: 0 cubic meters (2017 est.)
agricultural: 0 cubic meters (2017 est.)
Communications & Media
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 43,000 (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 111 (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 111 (2023 est.)
Broadcast media
TV Monte-Carlo operates a TV network; cable TV available; Radio Monte-Carlo has extensive radio networks in France and Italy, with French-language broadcasts to France beginning in the 1960s and Italian-language broadcasts to Italy beginning in the 1970s; other radio stations include Riviera Radio and Radio Monaco
Internet country code
.mc
Historical Trends
Population
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View Population data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 37,276 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | 37,678 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | 38,154 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | 38,109 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | 38,050 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | 38,527 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | 38,931 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | 38,956 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 38,631 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | 38,341 | world_bank_wdi |
GDP (current US$)
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View GDP (current US$) data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | $6,471,287,669 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | $6,430,258,225 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | $7,184,336,760 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | $7,383,494,129 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | $6,730,733,231 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | $8,623,241,327 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | $8,800,432,774 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | $10,003,897,341 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | $11,125,788,838 | world_bank_wdi |
International migrant stock (immigrants)
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View International migrant stock (immigrants) data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 26,601 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 27,106 | world_bank_wdi |
International emigrant stock
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View International emigrant stock data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 15,534 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 1995 | 15,692 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2000 | 16,367 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2005 | 19,616 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2010 | 26,148 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2015 | 28,636 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2020 | 33,812 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2024 | 36,682 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
Net migration
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View Net migration data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 798 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | 798 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | 999 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | -198 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | 999 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | 999 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | 995 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | 88 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 110 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | 100 | world_bank_wdi |
Sources & Methodology
Current statistical observations include their reference period and provenance. Reference fields from approved source datasets are attributed below. Missing information is left unknown rather than inferred.
| Indicator | Value | Period | Source | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 38,341 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| UN Population Division population estimate | 38,087 | 2026 | UN Population Division Data Portal | Estimated |
| Wikidata population (fallback) | 38,857 | 2025 | Wikidata | Reported |
| International migrant stock (immigrants) | 27,106 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| International migrant stock | 70.2% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| International emigrant stock | 36,682 | 2024 | UN DESA International Migrant Stock 2024 | Estimated |
| Net migration | 100 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Refugees hosted | 17 | 2025 | UNHCR Refugee Population Statistics | Verified |
| Asylum seekers hosted | 0 | 2025 | UNHCR Refugee Population Statistics | Verified |
| Refugees from this country | 5 | 2019 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Asylum seekers from this country | 0 | 2019 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Same-sex sexual activity | Yes Legal since 1793; + UN decl. sign. | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Recognition of same-sex relationships | Yes Cohabitation agreements since 2020 | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Same-sex marriage | No (Proposed) | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Same-sex adoption | No | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Open military service | Yes France responsible for defence | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Sexual-orientation anti-discrimination law | Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| GDP (current US$) | $11,125,788,838 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| GDP per capita (current US$) | $288,002 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| GDP growth | 8.5% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Income level | High income | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Life expectancy at birth | 86.5 years | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Fertility rate | 2.1 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Urban population | 100.0% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Individuals using the Internet | 99.0% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Secondary school enrolment, gross | 158.5% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Government education expenditure | 1.7% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Access to electricity | 100.0% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Current health expenditure | 3.1% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Infant mortality rate | 2.2 per 1,000 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Forest area | 0.0% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Mobile cellular subscriptions | 107.4 per 100 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Fixed broadband subscriptions | 55.7 per 100 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Secure Internet servers | 41,495 per million | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Latitude | 43.7325° | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Longitude | 7.4189° | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Latitude (Wikidata) | 43.7311° | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Longitude (Wikidata) | 7.4200° | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00, Europe/Monaco, Central European Time | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Form of government | constitutional monarchy, hereditary monarchy | current | Wikidata | Reported |
Data attribution
Credits below are generated from sources actually used by this country profile. Source-specific terms take precedence.
- CIA World Factbook, final 2025 country profile (structured via factbook.json). Accessed September 20, 2026. U.S. Government public-domain data; retained as a reference source where a newer approved field is not available. Source · Terms/licence
- United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, International Migrant Stock 2024; data access/processing via Our World in Data. Accessed September 20, 2026. Underlying UN dataset used under CC BY 3.0 IGO. Source · Terms/licence
- United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, World Population Prospects (WPP indicator 49) Accessed September 19, 2026. Used under CC BY 3.0 IGO; current-year WPP population values are presented as estimates/projections where applicable. Source · Terms/licence
- UNHCR Refugee Population Statistics Database. Accessed September 19, 2026. Used under CC BY 4.0 except where a dataset identifies a different source or licence. Source · Terms/licence
- Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem), Country-Year Dataset v16 (variables: availability) Accessed September 20, 2026. Used under CC BY-SA 4.0; V-Dem measures are expert-coded/modelled and no V-Dem endorsement is implied. Source · Terms/licence
- Wikidata structured data (CC0). Accessed September 20, 2026. Attribution is provided by Knelstrom for provenance although CC0 does not require it. Source · Terms/licence
- Wikipedia, “LGBTQ rights by country or territory” (source revision/data fields: Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Open military service, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Recognition of same-sex relationships, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex adoption, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex marriage, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex sexual activity, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Sexual-orientation anti-discrimination law) Accessed September 20, 2026. Used under CC BY-SA 4.0. Knelstrom changes formatting and presents the imported material as a community-edited legal-status summary, not legal advice or a Knelstrom rights score. Source · Terms/licence
- World Bank, World Development Indicators (series: AG.LND.FRST.ZS, country_metadata, EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS, IT.CEL.SETS.P2, IT.NET.BBND.P2, IT.NET.SECR.P6, IT.NET.USER.ZS, NY.GDP.MKTP.CD, NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG, NY.GDP.PCAP.CD, SE.SEC.ENRR, SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS, SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS, SM.POP.ASYS.EO, SM.POP.NETM, SM.POP.RHCR.EO, SM.POP.TOTL, SM.POP.TOTL.ZS, SP.DYN.IMRT.IN, SP.DYN.LE00.IN, SP.DYN.TFRT.IN, SP.POP.TOTL, SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS) Accessed September 20, 2026. Data used under CC BY 4.0; Knelstrom presentation/formatting may differ from the source. Source · Terms/licence
Knelstrom does not imply endorsement by any listed data provider.
Last automated statistical refresh: 2026-09-20 02:10:29