Knelstrom Intelligence · World Factbook

Lithuania

Lietuvos Respublika

LT / LTUeurope

CapitalVilnius

Population2,888,774

GDP$95.2bn

Area65,300 km²

RegionEurope & Central Asia

Data sources current · last checked September 20, 2026 2:10 am

Country facts

Official nameLietuvos Respublika

CapitalVilnius

Area65,300 km²

Official language(s)Lithuanian

Calling code+370

RegionEurope & Central Asia

Income levelHigh income

Form of governmentsemi-presidential system, parliamentary republic

Time zoneUTC+02:00, UTC+03:00

Overview

Population2,888,7742025 · Verified

UN Population Division population estimate2,797,3382026 · Estimated

GDP (current US$)$95,210,150,8182025 · Verified

GDP per capita (current US$)$32,9592025 · Verified

GDP growth2.9%2025 · Verified

Inflation, consumer prices3.8%2025 · Verified

Unemployment6.7%2025 · Verified

Background

Lithuanian lands were united under MINDAUGAS in 1236; over the next century, Lithuania extended its territory through alliances and conquest to include most of present-day Belarus and Ukraine. By the end of the 14th century, Lithuania was the largest state in Europe. An alliance with Poland in 1386 led the two countries into a union through a common ruler. In 1569, Lithuania and Poland formally united into a single dual state, the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth. This entity survived until 1795 when surrounding countries partitioned its remnants. Lithuania regained its independence after World War I, but the USSR annexed it in 1940 -- an action never recognized by the US and many other countries. In 1990, Lithuania became the first of the Soviet republics to declare its independence, but Moscow did not recognize this proclamation until 1991. The last Russian troops withdrew in 1993. Lithuania subsequently restructured its economy for integration into West European institutions; it joined both NATO and the EU in 2004. In 2015, Lithuania joined the euro zone, and it joined the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development in 2018.

Reference: 2018, 2015, 2004, 1993

Geography

Latitude54.6896°current · Verified

Longitude25.2799°current · Verified

Location

Eastern Europe, bordering the Baltic Sea, between Latvia and Russia, west of Belarus

Map references

Europe

Area

total: 65,300 sq km
land: 62,680 sq km
water: 2,620 sq km

Area - comparative

slightly larger than West Virginia

Land boundaries

total: 1,545 km
border countries: Belarus 640 km; Latvia 544 km; Poland 100 km; Russia (Kaliningrad) 261 km

Coastline

90 km

Maritime claims

territorial sea: 12 nm

Climate

transitional, between maritime and continental; wet, moderate winters and summers

Terrain

lowland, many scattered small lakes, fertile soil

Elevation

highest point: Aukstojas 294 m
lowest point: Baltic Sea 0 m
mean elevation: 110 m

Natural resources

peat, arable land, amber

Land use

agricultural land: 45.9% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 36.8% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0.5% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 8.6% (2023 est.)
forest: 35.3% (2023 est.)
other: 18.8% (2023 est.)

Reference: 2023

Irrigated land

61 sq km (2020)

Reference: 2020

Major lakes (area sq km)

salt water lake(s): Curonian Lagoon (shared with Russia) - 1,620 sq km

Population distribution

fairly even population distribution throughout the country, but somewhat greater concentrations in the southern cities of Vilnius and Kaunas, as well as the western port of Klaipeda

Natural hazards

occasional floods, droughts

Geography - note

fertile central plains are separated by hilly uplands that are ancient glacial deposits

Population & Society

Population2,888,7742025 · Verified

UN Population Division population estimate2,797,3382026 · Estimated

Fertility rate1.12024 · Verified

Urban population69.1%2025 · Verified

Nationality

noun: Lithuanian(s)
adjective: Lithuanian

Ethnic groups

Lithuanian 84.6%, Polish 6.5%, Russian 5%, Belarusian 1%, other 1.1%, unspecified 1.8% (2021 est.)

Reference: 2021

Languages

Languages: Lithuanian (official) 85.3%, Russian 6.8%, Polish 5.1%, other 1.1%, two mother tongues 1.7% (2021 est.)
major-language sample(s): Pasaulio enciklopedija – naudingas bendrosios informacijos šaltinis. (Lithuanian)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.

Reference: 2021

Religions

Roman Catholic 74.2%, Russian Orthodox 3.7%, Old Believer 0.6%, Evangelical Lutheran 0.6%, Evangelical Reformist 0.2%, other (including Sunni Muslim, Jewish, Greek Catholic, and Karaite) 0.9%, none 6.1%, unspecified 13.7% (2021 est.)

Reference: 2021

Age structure

0-14 years: 15.2% (male 205,154/female 194,386)
15-64 years: 62.6% (male 808,435/female 837,908)
65 years and over: 22.2% (2024 est.) (male 201,405/female 380,898)

Reference: 2024

Dependency ratios

total dependency ratio: 55.9 (2024 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 23.5 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 32.3 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio: 3.1 (2024 est.)

Reference: 2024

Median age

total: 45.1 years (2024 est.)
male: 40.9 years
female: 49.2 years

Reference: 2024

Population growth rate

-1.05% (2024 est.)

Reference: 2024

Birth rate

8.9 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Reference: 2024

Death rate

15.2 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)

Reference: 2024

Population distribution

fairly even population distribution throughout the country, but somewhat greater concentrations in the southern cities of Vilnius and Kaunas, as well as the western port of Klaipeda

Major urban areas - population

541,000 VILNIUS (capital) (2023)

Reference: 2023

Sex ratio

at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.53 male(s)/female
total population: 0.86 male(s)/female (2024 est.)

Reference: 2024

Mother's mean age at first birth

28.2 years (2020 est.)

Reference: 2020

Maternal mortality ratio

8 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Reference: 2023

Gross reproduction rate

0.79 (2024 est.)

Reference: 2024

Drinking water source

improved: urban: urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: rural: rural: 93.8% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 98% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 6.2% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 2% of population (2022 est.)

Reference: 2022

Health expenditure

Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 7.5% of GDP (2022)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 13% of national budget (2022 est.)

Reference: 2022

Physician density

6.1 physicians/1,000 population (2023)

Reference: 2023

Hospital bed density

6 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)

Reference: 2020

Sanitation facility access

improved: urban: urban: 99% of population (2022 est.)
improved: rural: rural: 91.9% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 96.7% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 1% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 8.1% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 3.3% of population (2022 est.)

Reference: 2022

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

26.3% (2016)

Reference: 2016

Alcohol consumption per capita

total: 11.93 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer: 4.61 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 0.88 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 4.96 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 1.48 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)

Reference: 2019

Tobacco use

total: 26.6% (2025 est.)
male: 38% (2025 est.)
female: 16.7% (2025 est.)

Children under the age of 5 years underweight

1.1% (2021 est.)

Reference: 2021

Currently married women (ages 15-49)

53.4% (2023 est.)

Reference: 2023

Child marriage

women married by age 15: 0% (2022)
women married by age 18: 0.2% (2022)

Reference: 2022

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 17 years (2022 est.)
male: 16 years (2022 est.)
female: 17 years (2022 est.)

Reference: 2022

Migration & Displacement

Immigrant/emigrant stock measures the number of international migrants resident in, or originating from, the country; it is not the same as annual immigration/emigration flows.

International migrant stock (immigrants)175,1942024 · Verified

International migrant stock6.1%2024 · Verified

International emigrant stock459,2682024 · Estimated

Net migration-24,6182025 · Verified

Refugees hosted1,2842016 · Verified

Asylum seekers hosted1472016 · Verified

Refugees from this country1012025 · Verified

Asylum seekers from this country782025 · Verified

Refugees and internally displaced persons

refugees: 53,859 (2024 est.)
stateless persons: 2,236 (2024 est.)

Reference: 2024

Government & Politics

Form of governmentsemi-presidential system, parliamentary republiccurrent · Reported

Office	Holder	Affiliation	From	Status	Evidence
Head of government	Mindaugas Sinkevičius	—	2026-07-14	Current	Reported
Head of state	Gitanas Nausėda	—	2019-07-12	Current	Reported

Country name

conventional long form: Republic of Lithuania
conventional short form: Lithuania
local long form: Lietuvos Respublika
local short form: Lietuva
former: Lithuanian Soviet Socialist Republic (while occupied by the USSR)
etymology: meaning of the name is obscure; may be derived from the local words lietava, meaning "small river," or lietus, meaning "rain" or "land of rain," or the Latin word litus, meaning "shore"

Capital

name: Vilnius
geographic coordinates: 54 41 N, 25 19 E
time difference: UTC+2 (7 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
etymology: named after the Vilnia River; the river name is said to derive from the Lithuanian word vilnis, meaning "wave"

Administrative divisions

60 municipalities (savivaldybe, singular - savivaldybe); Akmene, Alytaus Miestas, Alytus, Anksciai, Birstonas, Birzai, Druskininkai, Elektrenai, Ignalina, Jonava, Joniskis, Jurbarkas, Kaisiadorys, Kalvarija, Kauno Miestas, Kaunas, Kazlu Rudos, Kedainiai, Kelme, Klaipedos Miestas, Klaipeda, Kretinga, Kupiskis, Lazdijai, Marijampole, Mazeikiai, Moletai, Neringa, Pagegiai, Pakruojis, Palangos Miestas, Panevezio Miestas, Panevezys, Pasvalys, Plunge, Prienai, Radviliskis, Raseiniai, Rietavas, Rokiskis, Sakiai, Salcininkai, Siauliu Miestas, Siauliai, Silale, Silute, Sirvintos, Skuodas, Svencionys, Taurage, Telsiai, Trakai, Ukmerge, Utena, Varena, Vilkaviskis, Vilniaus Miestas, Vilnius, Visaginas, Zarasai

Legal system

civil law system; legislative acts can be appealed to the Constitutional Court

Constitution

history: several previous; latest adopted by referendum 25 October 1992, entered into force 2 November 1992
amendment process: proposed by at least one fourth of all Parliament members or by petition of at least 300,000 voters; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of Parliament in each of two readings three months apart and a presidential signature; amendments to constitutional articles on national sovereignty and constitutional amendment procedure also require three-fourths voter approval in a referendum

Reference: 1992

International law organization participation

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Citizenship

citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Lithuania
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years

Suffrage

18 years of age; universal

Executive branch

chief of state: President Gitanas NAUSEDA (since 12 July 2019)
head of government: Prime Minister Inga RUGINIENE (since 25 September 2025)
cabinet: Council of Ministers nominated by the prime minister, appointed by the president, approved by Parliament
election/appointment process: president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister appointed by the president, approved by Parliament
most recent election date: 26 May 2024
election results: 2024: Gitanas NAUSEDA elected president in second round; percent of vote -Gitanas NAUSEDA (independent) 75.6%, Ingrida SIMONYTE (TS-LKD) 24.4%
2019: Gitanas NAUSEDA elected president in second round; percent of vote - Gitanas NAUSEDA (independent) 66.7%, Ingrida SIMONYTE (independent) 33.3%
expected date of next election: 2029

Reference: 2029, 2025, 2024, 2019

Legislative branch

legislature name: Parliament (Seimas)
legislative structure: unicameral
number of seats: 141 (all directly elected)
electoral system: mixed system
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 4 years
most recent election date: 10/13/2024 to 10/27/2024
parties elected and seats per party: Lithuanian Social Democratic Party (LSDP) (52); Homeland Union - Lithuanian Christian Democrats (TS-LKD) (28); Political Party "The Dawn of Nemunas" (PPNA) (20); Union of Democrats “For Lithuania” (DSVL) (14); Liberals Movement of the Republic of Lithuania (LS) (12); Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union (LVŽS) (8); Other (7)
percentage of women in chamber: 28.4%
expected date of next election: October 2028

Reference: 2028, 2024

Judicial branch

highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of 37 judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges nominated by the president and appointed by the Seimas; judges serve 5-year renewable terms; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the Seimas from nominations - 3 each by the president of the republic, the Seimas speaker, and the Supreme Court president; judges serve 9-year, nonrenewable terms; one third of membership reconstituted every 3 years
subordinate courts: Court of Appeals; district and local courts

Political parties

Center-Right Union or CDS
Dawn of Nemunas or PPNA
Electoral Action of Poles in Lithuania - Christian Families Alliance or LLRA–KŠS
Homeland Union or TS-LKD
Lithuanian Farmers and Greens Union or LVŽS
Liberals' Movement or LRLS
National Alliance or NS
Social Democratic Party of Lithuania or LSDP
Union of Democrats for Lithuania or DSVL

Diplomatic representation in the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Gediminas VARVUOLIS (since 5 September 2025)
chancery: 2622 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009
telephone: [1] (202) 234-5860
FAX: [1] (202) 328-0466
email address and website: info@usa.mfa.lt
https://usa.mfa.lt/usa/en/
consulate(s) general: Chicago, Los Angeles, New York

Diplomatic representation from the US

chief of mission: Ambassador Kara C. McDONALD (since 26 January 2024)
embassy: Akmenu gatve 6, Vilnius, LT-03106
mailing address: 4510 Vilnius Place, Washington DC 20521-4510
telephone: [370] (5) 266-5500
FAX: [370] (5) 266-5510
email address and website: consec@state.gov
https://lt.usembassy.gov/

Reference: 2024

International organization participation

Australia Group, BA, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, EU, FAO, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHRC, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO

Independence

16 February 1918 (from Soviet Russia and Germany); 11 March 1990 (declared from the Soviet Union); 6 September 1991 (recognized by the Soviet Union); notable earlier dates: 6 July 1253 (coronation of MINDAUGAS, traditional founding date); 1 July 1569 (Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth created)

Reference: 1991, 1990, 1918

National holiday

Independence Day (or National Day), 16 February (1918)
note: note: 16 February 1918 was the date Lithuania established its statehood and independence from Soviet Russia and Germany; 11 March 1990 was the date it declared the restoration of statehood and independence from the Soviet Union

Reference: 1990, 1918

Flag

description: three equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), green, and red
meaning: yellow stands for golden fields, the sun, light, and goodness; green for the forests, nature, freedom, and hope; red for courage and the blood spilled in defense of the homeland

National symbol(s)

mounted knight known as Vytis (the Chaser), white stork

National color(s)

yellow, green, red

National anthem(s)

title: "Tautiska giesme" (The National Song)
lyrics/music: Vincas KUDIRKA
history: adopted 1918, restored 1990; written in 1898 when Lithuania was part of Russia; banned during the Soviet occupation from 1940 to 1990

Reference: 1990, 1940, 1918

National heritage

total World Heritage Sites: 5 (all cultural)
selected World Heritage Site locales: Vilnius Historic Center; Curonian Spit; Kernavė Archaeological Site; Struve Geodetic Arc; Modernist Kaunas: Architecture of Optimism, 1919-1939

Reference: 1939, 1919

Government & Official Links

Institution	Official website	X / Twitter	Verification
Lithuania official website	Official website	—	Reported · source Checked September 20, 2026

Institutional accounts only; personal accounts of political office-holders are excluded.

Legislature & Elections

Legislature

Name	Chamber	Seats	Electoral system
Seimas	—	141	—

Economy

GDP (current US$)$95,210,150,8182025 · Verified

GDP per capita (current US$)$32,9592025 · Verified

GDP growth2.9%2025 · Verified

Inflation, consumer prices3.8%2025 · Verified

Unemployment6.7%2025 · Verified

Income levelHigh incomecurrent · Verified

Economic overview

high-income EU and eurozone member, largest Baltic economy; recovery supported by private consumption and EU fund-driven investments; structural challenges include pension reform, aging workforce, and high energy-import costs

Real GDP (purchasing power parity)

Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024: $136.227 billion (2024 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $132.552 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $132.099 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars

Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021

Real GDP per capita

Real GDP per capita 2024: $47,200 (2024 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023: $46,200 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $46,700 (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars

Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021

GDP - composition, by sector of origin

agriculture: 2.6% (2024 est.)
industry: 23.4% (2024 est.)
services: 63.6% (2024 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data

Reference: 2024

GDP - composition, by end use

household consumption: 57.3% (2023 est.)
government consumption: 17.3% (2023 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 23.7% (2023 est.)
investment in inventories: -1.8% (2023 est.)
exports of goods and services: 76.5% (2023 est.)
imports of goods and services: -72.6% (2023 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection

Reference: 2023

Agricultural products

wheat, milk, sugar beets, rapeseed, barley, potatoes, triticale, oats, beans, peas (2023)
note: note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage

Reference: 2023

Industries

metal-cutting machine tools, electric motors, televisions, refrigerators and freezers, petroleum refining, shipbuilding (small ships), furniture, textiles, food processing, fertilizer, agricultural machinery, optical equipment, lasers, electronic components, computers, amber jewelry, information technology, video game development, app/software development, biotechnology

Industrial production growth rate

3.2% (2024 est.)
note: note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency

Reference: 2024

Labor force

1.548 million (2024 est.)
note: note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work

Reference: 2024

Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)

total: 14.1% (2024 est.)
male: 16.3% (2024 est.)
female: 11.7% (2024 est.)
note: note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment

Reference: 2024

Population below poverty line

20.9% (2021 est.)
note: note: % of population with income below national poverty line

Reference: 2021

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income

Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022: 36.6 (2022 est.)
note: note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality

Reference: 2022

Average household expenditures

on food: 19.4% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
on alcohol and tobacco: 5.5% of household expenditures (2023 est.)

Reference: 2023

Household income or consumption by percentage share

lowest 10%: 2.5% (2022 est.)
highest 10%: 28.7% (2022 est.)
note: note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population

Reference: 2022

Remittances

Remittances 2024: 1.2% of GDP (2024 est.)
Remittances 2023: 1.2% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2022: 1% of GDP (2022 est.)
note: note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities

Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022

Budget

revenues: $28.011 billion (2023 est.)
expenditures: $28.68 billion (2023 est.)
note: note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated

Reference: 2023

Public debt

Public debt 2023: 36.9% of GDP (2023 est.)
note: note: central government debt as a % of GDP

Reference: 2023

Taxes and other revenues

21.4% (of GDP) (2023 est.)
note: note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP

Reference: 2023

Current account balance

Current account balance 2024: $2.101 billion (2024 est.)
Current account balance 2023: $878.388 million (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: -$4.322 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars

Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022

Exports

Exports 2024: $62.896 billion (2024 est.)
Exports 2023: $61.02 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $61.448 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars

Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022

Exports - partners

Latvia 11%, Poland 8%, Germany 7%, Netherlands 6%, Russia 6% (2023)
note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

Reference: 2023

Exports - commodities

refined petroleum, furniture, plastic products, wheat, cars (2023)
note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Reference: 2023

Imports

Imports 2024: $58.491 billion (2024 est.)
Imports 2023: $57.899 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $62.916 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars

Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022

Imports - partners

Germany 13%, Poland 13%, Latvia 8%, USA 7%, Norway 5% (2023)
note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

Reference: 2023

Imports - commodities

crude petroleum, cars, natural gas, packaged medicine, plastic products (2023)
note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Reference: 2023

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold

Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024: $7.406 billion (2024 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $6.168 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $5.365 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars

Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022

Exchange rates

Currency: euros (EUR) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2024: 0.924 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 0.925 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 0.95 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 0.845 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020: 0.876 (2020 est.)

Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021

Trade

Exports of goods and services73.0%2025 · Verified

Imports of goods and services69.1%2025 · Verified

Trade142.1%2025 · Verified

Current account balance

Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022

Exports

Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022

Exports - partners

Latvia 11%, Poland 8%, Germany 7%, Netherlands 6%, Russia 6% (2023)
note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports

Reference: 2023

Exports - commodities

refined petroleum, furniture, plastic products, wheat, cars (2023)
note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars

Reference: 2023

Imports

Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022

Imports - partners

Germany 13%, Poland 13%, Latvia 8%, USA 7%, Norway 5% (2023)
note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports

Reference: 2023

Imports - commodities

crude petroleum, cars, natural gas, packaged medicine, plastic products (2023)
note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars

Reference: 2023

Energy & Resources

Access to electricity100.0%2024 · Verified

Electric power consumption4,387 kWh/person2024 · Verified

Renewable energy consumption33.2%2021 · Verified

Electricity

installed generating capacity: 5.426 million kW (2023 est.)
consumption: 10.992 billion kWh (2023 est.)
exports: 3.98 billion kWh (2023 est.)
imports: 10.91 billion kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 829.9 million kWh (2023 est.)

Reference: 2023

Electricity generation sources

fossil fuels: 16.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
solar: 14.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
wind: 51% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
hydroelectricity: 4.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
biomass and waste: 13.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)

Reference: 2023

Nuclear energy

Number of nuclear reactors permanently shut down: 2 (2025)

Coal

consumption: 166,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
exports: 78,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
imports: 149,000 metric tons (2023 est.)

Reference: 2023

Petroleum

total petroleum production: 4,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
refined petroleum consumption: 67,000 bbl/day (2024 est.)
crude oil estimated reserves: 12 million barrels (2021 est.)

Reference: 2024, 2023, 2021

Natural gas

consumption: 1.49 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
exports: 1.867 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
imports: 3.282 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)

Reference: 2023

Energy consumption per capita

Total energy consumption per capita 2023: 83.7 million Btu/person (2023 est.)

Reference: 2023

Infrastructure

Access to electricity100.0%2024 · Verified

Fixed broadband subscriptions27.8 per 1002024 · Verified

Mobile cellular subscriptions138.7 per 1002024 · Verified

Telephones - fixed lines

total subscriptions: 224,000 (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 8 (2023 est.)

Reference: 2023

Health

Life expectancy at birth77.2 years2024 · Verified

Current health expenditure7.6%2024 · Verified

Infant mortality rate2.8 per 1,0002024 · Verified

Maternal mortality ratio

8 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)

Reference: 2023

Health expenditure

Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 7.5% of GDP (2022)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 13% of national budget (2022 est.)

Reference: 2022

Physician density

6.1 physicians/1,000 population (2023)

Reference: 2023

Hospital bed density

6 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)

Reference: 2020

Obesity - adult prevalence rate

26.3% (2016)

Reference: 2016

Tobacco use

total: 26.6% (2025 est.)
male: 38% (2025 est.)
female: 16.7% (2025 est.)

Education

Adult literacy rate99.8%2011 · Verified

Secondary school enrolment, gross104.9%2024 · Verified

Government education expenditure4.3%2022 · Verified

School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)

total: 17 years (2022 est.)
male: 16 years (2022 est.)
female: 17 years (2022 est.)

Reference: 2022

Rights, Freedoms & Society

Press & Media Freedom

V-Dem expert-coded/modelled source measures. Knelstrom does not create a press-freedom ranking or composite score.

Freedom of expression & alternative information index0.9172025 · Estimated

Government censorship effort — media1.2842025 · Estimated

Harassment of journalists3.1652025 · Estimated

Print/broadcast media critical of government1.9942025 · Estimated

Range of perspectives in major media2.3502025 · Estimated

Media bias2.3472025 · Estimated

Media self-censorship1.6152025 · Estimated

LGBTQ+ Rights & Law

Concrete legal-status fields only; Knelstrom does not generate an LGBTQ rights score or country ranking.

Same-sex sexual activityYes Legal since 1993; + UN decl. sign.Reported

Recognition of same-sex relationshipsYes Registered partnerships admitted by the judiciary since 2025Reported

Same-sex marriageNo Constitutional ban since 1992Reported

Same-sex adoptionYes / No Stepchild adoption admitted by the judiciary since 2024Reported

Open military serviceYesReported

Sexual-orientation anti-discrimination lawYes Bans all anti-gay discriminationReported

Gender identity / expression lawYes Since 2022, gender change on legal documents permitted without surgery and no non-binary option available.Reported

Source: Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory (CC BY-SA 4.0). Community-edited legal-status summary; retrieved by Knelstrom and not legal advice.

Crime & Justice

Legal system

civil law system; legislative acts can be appealed to the Constitutional Court

Judicial branch

Military & Security

Military and security forces

Lithuanian Armed Forces (Lietuvos Ginkluotosios Pajegos): Lithuanian Land Forces (LLF), Lithuanian Navy, Lithuanian Air Force (LTAF), Lithuanian Special Operations Forces (LITHSOF); National Defense Volunteer Forces (2025)
note: note 1: the National Rifleman's Union is a civilian paramilitary organization supported by the Lithuanian Government, which cooperates with the military but is not part of it; however, in a state of war, its armed formations would fall under the Armed Forces
note 2: the Lithuanian Police and State Border Guard Service are under the Ministry of Interior; in wartime, the State Border Guard Service becomes part of the armed forces

Military expenditures

Military Expenditures 2025: 4% of GDP (2025 est.)
Military Expenditures 2024: 3.1% of GDP (2024 est.)
Military Expenditures 2023: 2.7% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military Expenditures 2022: 2.4% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military Expenditures 2021: 2% of GDP (2021 est.)

Reference: 2025, 2024, 2023, 2022

Military and security service personnel strengths

approximately 20,000 active-duty military personnel (2025)

Military equipment inventories and acquisitions

the military's inventory is a mix of mostly European and US weapons and equipment (2024)

Reference: 2024

Military service age and obligation

19-26 years of age for conscripted military service for men; 9-month service obligation; 18-38 for voluntary service for men and women; 18-60 for the National Defense Volunteer Services (2025)
note: note 1: in 2015, Lithuania reinstated conscription after having converted to a professional military in 2008; it conscripts up to 4,000 men each year; conscripts are selected using an automated lottery system
note 2: as of 2020, women comprised about 12% of the military's full-time personnel

Reference: 2025, 2020, 2015, 2008

Military deployments

note: contributes about 350-550 troops to the Lithuania, Poland, and Ukraine joint military brigade (LITPOLUKRBRIG), which was established in 2014; the brigade is headquartered in Poland and is comprised of an international staff, three battalions, and specialized units; units affiliated with the multinational brigade remain within the structures of the armed forces of their respective countries until the brigade is activated for participation in an international operation

Reference: 2014

Military - note

the Lithuanian Armed Forces are responsible for the defense of the country’s interests, sovereignty, and territory, fulfilling Lithuania’s commitments to NATO and European security, and contributing to UN international peacekeeping efforts; Russia is Lithuania’s primary security focus, which has only increased since the Russian seizure of Crimea in 2014 and subsequent full-scale attack on Ukraine in 2022; Lithuania has been a member of NATO since 2004 and is reliant on the Alliance as the country’s security guarantor; it is actively engaged in both NATO and EU security, as well as bilaterally with allies such as the other Baltic States, Germany, Poland, the UK, Ukraine, and the US; the Lithuanian military has participated in NATO and EU missions abroad and regularly conducts training and exercises with NATO and EU partner forces; it hosts NATO forces, is a member of the UK-led Joint Expeditionary Force, and contributes troops to a multinational brigade with Poland and Ukraine; Lithuania participated in its first UN peacekeeping mission in 1994
since 2017, Lithuania has hosted a German-led multinational NATO ground force battlegroup as part of the Alliance’s Enhanced Forward Presence initiative; NATO has also provided air protection for Lithuania since 2004 through its Baltic Air Policing mission; NATO fighter aircraft are hosted at Lithuania’s Šiauliai Air Base (2025)

Reference: 2025, 2022, 2017, 2014

International Relations

International law organization participation

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

Diplomatic representation in the US

Diplomatic representation from the US

Reference: 2024

International organization participation

Treaties & Organisations

Organisation	Status	Joined
Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO)	member	1991-09-10
European Union (EU)	member	2004-05-01
NATO (NATO)	member	2004-03-29
OECD (OECD)	member	2018-07-05
United Nations (UN)	member	1991-09-17
World Trade Organization (WTO)	member	2001-05-31

International law organization participation

accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction

International organization participation

Conflict & Security

Refugees and internally displaced persons

refugees: 53,859 (2024 est.)
stateless persons: 2,236 (2024 est.)

Reference: 2024

Transportation & Logistics

Civil aircraft registration country code prefix

Airports

64 (2025)

Heliports

2 (2025)

Railways

total: 1,911 km (2020) 152 km electrified

Reference: 2020

Merchant marine

total: 59 (2023)
by type: container ship 3, general cargo 19, oil tanker 2, other 35

Reference: 2023

Ports

total ports: 2 (2024)
large: 0
medium: 1
small: 0
very small: 1
ports with oil terminals: 2
key ports: Butinge Oil Terminal, Klaipeda

Reference: 2024

Environment

Forest area35.2%2023 · Verified

Renewable energy consumption33.2%2021 · Verified

Environmental issues

water pollution; air pollution; deforestation; groundwater pollution from chemicals and waste; soil degradation and erosion

International environmental agreements

party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements

Reference: 2006

Climate

transitional, between maritime and continental; wet, moderate winters and summers

Land use

Reference: 2023

Urbanization

urban population: 68.7% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: -0.12% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)

Reference: 2023, 2020

Carbon dioxide emissions

total emissions: 12.877 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke: 380,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids: 9.61 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from consumed natural gas: 2.887 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)

Reference: 2023

Particulate matter emissions

11.5 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)

Reference: 2019

Waste and recycling

municipal solid waste generated annually: 1.315 million tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 34.9% (2022 est.)

Reference: 2024, 2022

Total water withdrawal

municipal: 136.78 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
industrial: 87.96 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
agricultural: 58.74 million cubic meters (2022 est.)

Reference: 2022

Total renewable water resources

24.5 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)

Reference: 2022

Communications & Media

Individuals using the Internet89.2%2024 · Verified

Mobile cellular subscriptions138.7 per 1002024 · Verified

Fixed broadband subscriptions27.8 per 1002024 · Verified

Secure Internet servers98,553 per million2024 · Verified

Telephones - fixed lines

total subscriptions: 224,000 (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 8 (2023 est.)

Reference: 2023

Broadcast media

public broadcaster operates 3 channels, with the third channel (satellite) introduced in 2007; various privately owned commercial TV broadcasters operate national and multiple regional channels; many privately owned local TV stations; multi-channel cable and satellite TV services available; publicly owned broadcaster operates 3 radio networks; many privately owned commercial broadcasters, with repeater stations in various regions

Reference: 2007