Knelstrom Intelligence · World Factbook
Liechtenstein
Fürstentum Liechtenstein
CapitalVaduz
Population41,024
GDP$8.9bn
Area160 km²
RegionEurope & Central Asia
Data sources current · last checked September 20, 2026 2:10 am
Country facts
Overview
Background
The Principality of Liechtenstein was established within the Holy Roman Empire in 1719. Occupied by both French and Russian troops during the Napoleonic Wars, it became a sovereign state in 1806 and joined the German Confederation in 1815. Liechtenstein became fully independent in 1866 when the Confederation dissolved. Until the end of World War I, it was closely tied to Austria, but the economic devastation caused by that conflict forced Liechtenstein to enter into a customs and monetary union with Switzerland. Since World War II (in which Liechtenstein remained neutral), the country's low taxes have spurred outstanding economic growth. In 2000, shortcomings in banking regulatory oversight resulted in concerns about the use of financial institutions for money laundering. However, Liechtenstein implemented anti-money laundering legislation and a Mutual Legal Assistance Treaty with the US that went into effect in 2003.
Reference: 2003, 2000Geography
Location
Central Europe, between Austria and Switzerland
Map references
Europe
Area
total: 160 sq km
land: 160 sq km
water: 0 sq km
land: 160 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative
about 0.9 times the size of Washington, D.C.
Land boundaries
total: 75 km
border countries: Austria 34 km; Switzerland 41 km
border countries: Austria 34 km; Switzerland 41 km
Coastline
0 km (doubly landlocked)
Maritime claims
none (landlocked)
Climate
continental; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow or rain; cool to moderately warm, cloudy, humid summers
Terrain
mostly mountainous (Alps) with Rhine Valley in western third
Elevation
highest point: Vorder-Grauspitz 2,599 m
lowest point: Ruggeller Riet 430 m
lowest point: Ruggeller Riet 430 m
Natural resources
hydroelectric potential, arable land
Land use
agricultural land: 32.3% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 10.8% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 21.5% (2022 est.)
forest: 41.9% (2022 est.)
other: 25.8% (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 10.8% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 21.5% (2022 est.)
forest: 41.9% (2022 est.)
other: 25.8% (2022 est.)
Irrigated land
0 sq km (2012)
Reference: 2012Major watersheds (area sq km)
Atlantic Ocean drainage: Rhine-Maas (198,735 sq km)
Population distribution
most of the population is found in the western half of the country along the Rhine River
Natural hazards
avalanches, landslides
Geography - note
along with Uzbekistan, one of only two doubly landlocked countries in the world; variety of microclimatic variations based on elevation
Population & Society
Nationality
noun: Liechtensteiner(s)
adjective: Liechtenstein
adjective: Liechtenstein
Ethnic groups
Liechtensteiner 65.6%, Swiss 9.6%, Austrian 5.8%, German 4.5%, Italian 3.1%, other 11.4% (2021 est.)
note: note: data represent population by nationality
Reference: 2021note: note: data represent population by nationality
Languages
Languages: German 91.5% (official, Alemannic is the main dialect), Italian 1.5%, Turkish 1.3%, Portuguese 1.1%, other 4.6% (2015 est.)
major-language sample(s): Das World Factbook, die unverzichtbare Quelle für grundlegende Informationen. (German)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Reference: 2015major-language sample(s): Das World Factbook, die unverzichtbare Quelle für grundlegende Informationen. (German)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions
Roman Catholic (official) 73.4%, Protestant Reformed 6.3%, Muslim 5.9%, Christian Orthodox 1.3%, Lutheran 1.2%, other Protestant 0.7%, other Christian 0.3%, other 0.8%, none 7%, unspecified 3.3% (2015 est.)
Reference: 2015Age structure
0-14 years: 15.3% (male 3,412/female 2,732)
15-64 years: 63.9% (male 12,814/female 12,921)
65 years and over: 20.8% (2024 est.) (male 3,846/female 4,547)
Reference: 202415-64 years: 63.9% (male 12,814/female 12,921)
65 years and over: 20.8% (2024 est.) (male 3,846/female 4,547)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio: 56.5 (2024 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 23.9 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 32.6 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio: 3.1 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024youth dependency ratio: 23.9 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 32.6 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio: 3.1 (2024 est.)
Median age
total: 44.2 years (2024 est.)
male: 42.4 years
female: 46.1 years
Reference: 2024male: 42.4 years
female: 46.1 years
Population growth rate
0.69% (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Birth rate
10.3 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Death rate
8.2 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Population distribution
most of the population is found in the western half of the country along the Rhine River
Major urban areas - population
5,000 VADUZ (capital) (2018)
Reference: 2018Sex ratio
at birth: 1.26 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.25 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female
total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Reference: 20240-14 years: 1.25 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.85 male(s)/female
total population: 0.99 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth
31.3 years (2017)
Reference: 2017Infant mortality rate
total: 3.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
male: 4.3 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.5 deaths/1,000 live births
Reference: 2024male: 4.3 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.5 deaths/1,000 live births
Gross reproduction rate
0.75 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Drinking water source
improved: total: total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022unimproved: total: total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Physician density
1.3 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
Reference: 2022Sanitation facility access
improved: total: total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: NA
unimproved: total: total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022unimproved: urban: urban: NA
unimproved: total: total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
65.2% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 15 years (2021 est.)
male: 16 years (2021 est.)
female: 14 years (2021 est.)
Reference: 2021male: 16 years (2021 est.)
female: 14 years (2021 est.)
Migration & Displacement
Immigrant/emigrant stock measures the number of international migrants resident in, or originating from, the country; it is not the same as annual immigration/emigration flows.
Refugees and internally displaced persons
refugees: 875 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Government & Politics
| Office | Holder | Affiliation | From | Status | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Head of government | Brigitte Haas | — | 2025-04-10 | Current | Reported |
| Head of state | Hans-Adam II, Prince of Liechtenstein | — | 1989-11-13 | Current | Reported |
Country name
conventional long form: Principality of Liechtenstein
conventional short form: Liechtenstein
local long form: Fuerstentum Liechtenstein
local short form: Liechtenstein
etymology: named after the Liechtenstein family that purchased and united the counties of Schellenburg and Vaduz in 1719; the family name was taken from its Austrian castle of the same name, which in German means "light stone"
conventional short form: Liechtenstein
local long form: Fuerstentum Liechtenstein
local short form: Liechtenstein
etymology: named after the Liechtenstein family that purchased and united the counties of Schellenburg and Vaduz in 1719; the family name was taken from its Austrian castle of the same name, which in German means "light stone"
Capital
name: Vaduz
geographic coordinates: 47 08 N, 9 31 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
etymology: may be a conflation from the Latin vallis (valley) and the Old German dutsch (German) to produce Valdutsch ("German valley"), which was simplified over time to Vaduz
geographic coordinates: 47 08 N, 9 31 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
etymology: may be a conflation from the Latin vallis (valley) and the Old German dutsch (German) to produce Valdutsch ("German valley"), which was simplified over time to Vaduz
Administrative divisions
11 communes (Gemeinden, singular - Gemeinde); Balzers, Eschen, Gamprin, Mauren, Planken, Ruggell, Schaan, Schellenberg, Triesen, Triesenberg, Vaduz
Legal system
civil law system influenced by Swiss, Austrian, and German law
Constitution
history: previous 1862; latest adopted 5 October 1921
amendment process: proposed by Parliament, by the reigning prince (in the form of "Government" proposals), by petition of at least 1,500 qualified voters, or by at least four communes; passage requires unanimous approval of Parliament members in one sitting or three-quarters majority vote in two successive sittings; referendum required only if petitioned by at least 1,500 voters or by at least four communes; passage by referendum requires absolute majority of votes cast
Reference: 1921amendment process: proposed by Parliament, by the reigning prince (in the form of "Government" proposals), by petition of at least 1,500 qualified voters, or by at least four communes; passage requires unanimous approval of Parliament members in one sitting or three-quarters majority vote in two successive sittings; referendum required only if petitioned by at least 1,500 voters or by at least four communes; passage by referendum requires absolute majority of votes cast
International law organization participation
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Citizenship
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Liechtenstein; in the case of a child born out of wedlock, the mother must be a citizen
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Liechtenstein; in the case of a child born out of wedlock, the mother must be a citizen
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch
chief of state: Prince HANS-ADAM II (since 13 November 1989, assumed executive powers on 26 August 1984)
head of government: Prime Minister Brigitte HAAS (since 10 April 2025)
cabinet: Cabinet elected by the Parliament, confirmed by the monarch
election/appointment process: the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the monarch usually appoints the leader of the majority party in Parliament as the head of government, and also appoints the leader of the largest minority party in Parliament as the deputy head of government if there is a coalition government
note: note: the prince's successor is his son, Heir Apparent and Regent of Liechtenstein Prince ALOIS; on 15 August 2004, HANS-ADAM II transferred the official duties of the ruling prince to ALOIS, but Prince HANS-ADAM II retains the status of chief of state
Reference: 2025, 2004, 1989, 1984head of government: Prime Minister Brigitte HAAS (since 10 April 2025)
cabinet: Cabinet elected by the Parliament, confirmed by the monarch
election/appointment process: the monarchy is hereditary; following legislative elections, the monarch usually appoints the leader of the majority party in Parliament as the head of government, and also appoints the leader of the largest minority party in Parliament as the deputy head of government if there is a coalition government
note: note: the prince's successor is his son, Heir Apparent and Regent of Liechtenstein Prince ALOIS; on 15 August 2004, HANS-ADAM II transferred the official duties of the ruling prince to ALOIS, but Prince HANS-ADAM II retains the status of chief of state
Legislative branch
legislature name: Diet (Landtag)
legislative structure: unicameral
number of seats: 25 (all directly elected)
electoral system: proportional representation
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 4 years
most recent election date: 2/9/2025
parties elected and seats per party: Patriotic Union (VU) (10); Progressive Citizens' Party (FBP) (7); Democrats for Liechtenstein (DpL) (6); Free List (FL) (2)
percentage of women in chamber: 32%
expected date of next election: February 2029
Reference: 2029, 2025legislative structure: unicameral
number of seats: 25 (all directly elected)
electoral system: proportional representation
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 4 years
most recent election date: 2/9/2025
parties elected and seats per party: Patriotic Union (VU) (10); Progressive Citizens' Party (FBP) (7); Democrats for Liechtenstein (DpL) (6); Free List (FL) (2)
percentage of women in chamber: 32%
expected date of next election: February 2029
Judicial branch
highest court(s): Supreme Court or Supreme Court or Fürstlicher Oberster Gerichtshof (consists of 5 judges and 5 substitutes); Constitutional Court or Staatsgerichtshof (consists of 5 judges, and 5 alternates)
judge selection and term of office: judges of both courts elected by the Landtag and appointed by the monarch; Supreme Court judges serve 4-year renewable terms; Constitutional Court judges appointed for renewable 5-year terms
subordinate courts: Court of Appeal (second instance), Regional Court (first instance), Administrative Court, Tribunal Court, district courts
judge selection and term of office: judges of both courts elected by the Landtag and appointed by the monarch; Supreme Court judges serve 4-year renewable terms; Constitutional Court judges appointed for renewable 5-year terms
subordinate courts: Court of Appeal (second instance), Regional Court (first instance), Administrative Court, Tribunal Court, district courts
Political parties
Democrats for Liechtenstein (Demokraten pro Liechtenstein) or DpL
Fatherland Union (Vaterlaendische Union) or VU
Progressive Citizens' Party (Fortschrittliche Buergerpartei) or FBP
The Free List (Die Freie Liste) or FL
The Independents (Die Unabhaengigen) or DU
Fatherland Union (Vaterlaendische Union) or VU
Progressive Citizens' Party (Fortschrittliche Buergerpartei) or FBP
The Free List (Die Freie Liste) or FL
The Independents (Die Unabhaengigen) or DU
Diplomatic representation in the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Georg SPARBER (since 1 December 2021)
chancery: 2900 K Street NW, Suite 602B, Washington, DC 20007
telephone: [1] (202) 331-0590
FAX: [1] (202) 331-3221
email address and website: washington@llv.li
https://www.liechtensteinusa.org/
Reference: 2021chancery: 2900 K Street NW, Suite 602B, Washington, DC 20007
telephone: [1] (202) 331-0590
FAX: [1] (202) 331-3221
email address and website: washington@llv.li
https://www.liechtensteinusa.org/
Diplomatic representation from the US
embassy: the US does not have an embassy in Liechtenstein; the US Ambassador to Switzerland is accredited to Liechtenstein
International organization participation
CD, CE, EBRD, EFTA, IAEA, ICCt, ICRM, IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WIPO, WTO
Independence
23 January 1719 (Principality of Liechtenstein established); 12 July 1806 (independence from the Holy Roman Empire); 24 August 1866 (independence from the German Confederation)
National holiday
National Day, 15 August (1940)
note: note: a National Day was originally established in 1940 to combine celebrations for the Feast of the Assumption (15 August) with those honoring the birthday of former Prince FRANZ JOSEF II (1906-1989) on 16 August; after the prince's death, National Day became the official national holiday in 1990
Reference: 1990, 1989, 1940, 1906note: note: a National Day was originally established in 1940 to combine celebrations for the Feast of the Assumption (15 August) with those honoring the birthday of former Prince FRANZ JOSEF II (1906-1989) on 16 August; after the prince's death, National Day became the official national holiday in 1990
Flag
description: two equal horizontal bands of blue (top) and red, with a gold crown on the left side of the blue band
history: the colors may derive from the blue-and-red livery used in the principality's household in the 18th century; the prince's crown was added in 1937 to distinguish it from Haiti's flag
Reference: 1937history: the colors may derive from the blue-and-red livery used in the principality's household in the 18th century; the prince's crown was added in 1937 to distinguish it from Haiti's flag
National symbol(s)
princely hat (crown)
National color(s)
blue, red
National coat of arms
the six motifs on the coat of arms provide a history of the royal House of Liechtenstein since 1719, when the country was founded; the small shield at the center is the royal family’s gold-and-red coat of arms, the gold-crowned eagle signifies the Silesia family, the diamond wreath represents the Kuenringer family, the red-and-silver shield is the Duchy of Troppau, the black eagle comes from the coat of arms of a family that married into the royal line, and the golden hunting horn represents the Duchy of Jägerndorf
National anthem(s)
title: "Oben am jungen Rhein" (High Above the Young Rhine)
lyrics/music: Jakob Joseph JAUCH/Josef FROMMELT
history: adopted 1850, revised 1963; uses the tune of the United Kingdom's anthem, "God Save the King"
Reference: 1963lyrics/music: Jakob Joseph JAUCH/Josef FROMMELT
history: adopted 1850, revised 1963; uses the tune of the United Kingdom's anthem, "God Save the King"
Government & Official Links
| Institution | Official website | X / Twitter | Verification |
|---|---|---|---|
| Liechtenstein official website | Official website | — | Reported · source Checked September 20, 2026 |
Institutional accounts only; personal accounts of political office-holders are excluded.
Legislature & Elections
Legislature
| Name | Chamber | Seats | Electoral system |
|---|---|---|---|
| Landtag of Liechtenstein | — | 25 | — |
Economy
Economic overview
high-income European economy; Schengen Area participant; key European financial leader; integrated with Swiss economy and franc currency user; one of the highest GDP per capita countries; relies on US and Eurozone markets for exports
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024: $7.172 billion (2024 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $7.031 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $6.885 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2015 dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2015Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $7.031 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $6.885 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2015 dollars
Real GDP per capita
Real GDP per capita 2024: $210,600 (2024 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023: $201,200 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $187,700 (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2015 dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2015Real GDP per capita 2023: $201,200 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $187,700 (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2015 dollars
Inflation rate (consumer prices)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2022: 2.8% (2022 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021: 0.6% (2021 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020: -0.7% (2020 est.)
note: note: annual % change based on consumer prices
Reference: 2022, 2021, 2020Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2021: 0.6% (2021 est.)
Inflation rate (consumer prices) 2020: -0.7% (2020 est.)
note: note: annual % change based on consumer prices
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
agriculture: 0.2% (2022 est.)
industry: 40.6% (2022 est.)
services: 55.6% (2022 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
Reference: 2022industry: 40.6% (2022 est.)
services: 55.6% (2022 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
Agricultural products
wheat, barley, corn, potatoes; livestock, dairy products
Industries
electronics, metal manufacturing, dental products, ceramics, pharmaceuticals, food products, precision instruments, tourism, optical instruments
Exports
Exports 2015: $3.217 billion (2015 est.)
Exports 2014: $3.774 billion (2014 est.)
note: note: trade data exclude trade with Switzerland
Reference: 2015, 2014Exports 2014: $3.774 billion (2014 est.)
note: note: trade data exclude trade with Switzerland
Exports - commodities
small specialty machinery, connectors for audio and video, parts for motor vehicles, dental products, hardware
note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports - commodities
agricultural products, raw materials, energy products, machinery, metal goods, textiles, foodstuffs, motor vehicles
Exchange rates
Currency: Swiss francs (CHF) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2024: 0.88 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 0.898 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 0.955 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 0.914 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020: 0.939 (2020 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Exchange rates 2024: 0.88 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 0.898 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 0.955 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 0.914 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020: 0.939 (2020 est.)
Trade
Exports
Exports 2015: $3.217 billion (2015 est.)
Exports 2014: $3.774 billion (2014 est.)
note: note: trade data exclude trade with Switzerland
Reference: 2015, 2014Exports 2014: $3.774 billion (2014 est.)
note: note: trade data exclude trade with Switzerland
Exports - commodities
small specialty machinery, connectors for audio and video, parts for motor vehicles, dental products, hardware
note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports - commodities
agricultural products, raw materials, energy products, machinery, metal goods, textiles, foodstuffs, motor vehicles
Energy & Resources
Infrastructure
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 10,000 (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 26 (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 26 (2023 est.)
Health
Infant mortality rate
total: 3.9 deaths/1,000 live births (2024 est.)
male: 4.3 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.5 deaths/1,000 live births
Reference: 2024male: 4.3 deaths/1,000 live births
female: 3.5 deaths/1,000 live births
Physician density
1.3 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
Reference: 2022Education
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 15 years (2021 est.)
male: 16 years (2021 est.)
female: 14 years (2021 est.)
Reference: 2021male: 16 years (2021 est.)
female: 14 years (2021 est.)
Rights, Freedoms & Society
LGBTQ+ Rights & Law
Concrete legal-status fields only; Knelstrom does not generate an LGBTQ rights score or country ranking.
Source: Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory (CC BY-SA 4.0). Community-edited legal-status summary; retrieved by Knelstrom and not legal advice.
Crime & Justice
Legal system
civil law system influenced by Swiss, Austrian, and German law
Judicial branch
highest court(s): Supreme Court or Supreme Court or Fürstlicher Oberster Gerichtshof (consists of 5 judges and 5 substitutes); Constitutional Court or Staatsgerichtshof (consists of 5 judges, and 5 alternates)
judge selection and term of office: judges of both courts elected by the Landtag and appointed by the monarch; Supreme Court judges serve 4-year renewable terms; Constitutional Court judges appointed for renewable 5-year terms
subordinate courts: Court of Appeal (second instance), Regional Court (first instance), Administrative Court, Tribunal Court, district courts
judge selection and term of office: judges of both courts elected by the Landtag and appointed by the monarch; Supreme Court judges serve 4-year renewable terms; Constitutional Court judges appointed for renewable 5-year terms
subordinate courts: Court of Appeal (second instance), Regional Court (first instance), Administrative Court, Tribunal Court, district courts
Military & Security
Military and security forces
no regular military forces; National Police of the Principality of Liechtenstein (Landespolizei des Fürstentums Liechtenstein)
International Relations
International law organization participation
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Diplomatic representation in the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Georg SPARBER (since 1 December 2021)
chancery: 2900 K Street NW, Suite 602B, Washington, DC 20007
telephone: [1] (202) 331-0590
FAX: [1] (202) 331-3221
email address and website: washington@llv.li
https://www.liechtensteinusa.org/
Reference: 2021chancery: 2900 K Street NW, Suite 602B, Washington, DC 20007
telephone: [1] (202) 331-0590
FAX: [1] (202) 331-3221
email address and website: washington@llv.li
https://www.liechtensteinusa.org/
Diplomatic representation from the US
embassy: the US does not have an embassy in Liechtenstein; the US Ambassador to Switzerland is accredited to Liechtenstein
International organization participation
CD, CE, EBRD, EFTA, IAEA, ICCt, ICRM, IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WIPO, WTO
Treaties & Organisations
| Organisation | Status | Joined |
|---|---|---|
| Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) | member | 1973-06-25 |
| United Nations (UN) | member | 1990-09-18 |
| World Trade Organization (WTO) | member | — |
International law organization participation
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
International organization participation
CD, CE, EBRD, EFTA, IAEA, ICCt, ICRM, IFRCS, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), OAS (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UPU, WIPO, WTO
Conflict & Security
Refugees and internally displaced persons
refugees: 875 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Transportation & Logistics
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
HB
Heliports
2 (2025)
Railways
total: 9 km (2018)
standard gauge: 9 km (2018) 1.435-m gauge (electrified)
note: note: belongs to the Austrian Railway System connecting Austria and Switzerland
Reference: 2018standard gauge: 9 km (2018) 1.435-m gauge (electrified)
note: note: belongs to the Austrian Railway System connecting Austria and Switzerland
Merchant marine
total: 17 (2023)
by type: bulk carrier 14, general cargo 1, other 2 (includes Switzerland)
Reference: 2023by type: bulk carrier 14, general cargo 1, other 2 (includes Switzerland)
Environment
Environmental issues
some air pollution generated locally, some carried over from surrounding countries
International environmental agreements
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Law of the Sea
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Law of the Sea
Climate
continental; cold, cloudy winters with frequent snow or rain; cool to moderately warm, cloudy, humid summers
Land use
agricultural land: 32.3% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 10.8% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 21.5% (2022 est.)
forest: 41.9% (2022 est.)
other: 25.8% (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 10.8% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 21.5% (2022 est.)
forest: 41.9% (2022 est.)
other: 25.8% (2022 est.)
Urbanization
urban population: 14.6% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 1.15% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Reference: 2023, 2020rate of urbanization: 1.15% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Waste and recycling
municipal solid waste generated annually: 32,400 tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 64.6% (2015 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2015percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 64.6% (2015 est.)
Total water withdrawal
municipal: 10 million cubic meters (2020 est.)
Reference: 2020Communications & Media
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 10,000 (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 26 (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 26 (2023 est.)
Broadcast media
relies on foreign terrestrial and satellite broadcasters for most broadcast media services; first Liechtenstein-based TV station established in 2008; Radio Liechtenstein operates multiple radio stations; a Swiss-based broadcaster operates one radio station
Reference: 2008Internet country code
.li
Historical Trends
Population
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View Population data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 37,716 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | 37,962 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | 38,246 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | 38,563 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | 38,901 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | 39,182 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | 39,493 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | 39,846 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 40,450 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | 41,024 | world_bank_wdi |
GDP (current US$)
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View GDP (current US$) data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | $6,237,302,034 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | $6,474,308,718 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | $6,692,620,692 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | $6,436,467,007 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | $6,405,870,210 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | $7,912,602,342 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | $7,426,856,243 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | $8,239,379,403 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | $8,905,764,270 | world_bank_wdi |
International migrant stock (immigrants)
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View International migrant stock (immigrants) data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 25,877 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 27,669 | world_bank_wdi |
International emigrant stock
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View International emigrant stock data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 22 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 1995 | 28 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2000 | 52 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2005 | 154 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2010 | 264 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2015 | 293 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2020 | 314 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2024 | 346 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
Net migration
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View Net migration data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 63 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | 206 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | 155 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | 271 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | 269 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | 187 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | 212 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | 214 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 206 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | 194 | world_bank_wdi |
Sources & Methodology
Current statistical observations include their reference period and provenance. Reference fields from approved source datasets are attributed below. Missing information is left unknown rather than inferred.
| Indicator | Value | Period | Source | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 41,024 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| UN Population Division population estimate | 40,368 | 2026 | UN Population Division Data Portal | Estimated |
| Wikidata population (fallback) | 37,922 | 2017 | Wikidata | Reported |
| International migrant stock (immigrants) | 27,669 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| International migrant stock | 69.4% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| International emigrant stock | 346 | 2024 | UN DESA International Migrant Stock 2024 | Estimated |
| Net migration | 194 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Refugees hosted | 125 | 2019 | UNHCR Refugee Population Statistics | Verified |
| Asylum seekers hosted | 29 | 2019 | UNHCR Refugee Population Statistics | Verified |
| Refugees from this country | 5 | 2022 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Asylum seekers from this country | 5 | 2022 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Same-sex sexual activity | Yes Legal since 1989; equal age of consent since 2001; + UN decl. sign. | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Recognition of same-sex relationships | Yes Registered partnerships since 2011 | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Same-sex marriage | Yes Legal since 2025 | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Same-sex adoption | Yes Stepchild adoption since 2022; joint adoption since 2023 | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Open military service | Has no military | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Sexual-orientation anti-discrimination law | Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Gender identity / expression law | No Gender change is not legal | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| GDP (current US$) | $8,905,764,270 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| GDP per capita (current US$) | $220,167 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| GDP growth | -1.2% | 2009 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Income level | High income | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Life expectancy at birth | 84.2 years | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Fertility rate | 1.4 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Urban population | 14.6% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Individuals using the Internet | 98.3% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Secondary school enrolment, gross | 118.7% | 2021 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Government education expenditure | 2.6% | 2011 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Access to electricity | 100.0% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Renewable energy consumption | 56.9% | 2022 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Current health expenditure | 5.7% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Forest area | 41.9% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Mobile cellular subscriptions | 128.9 per 100 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Fixed broadband subscriptions | 50.0 per 100 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Secure Internet servers | 60,321 per million | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Latitude | 47.1411° | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Longitude | 9.5215° | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Latitude (Wikidata) | 47.1450° | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Longitude (Wikidata) | 9.5539° | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Form of government | constitutional monarchy | current | Wikidata | Reported |
Data attribution
Credits below are generated from sources actually used by this country profile. Source-specific terms take precedence.
- CIA World Factbook, final 2025 country profile (structured via factbook.json). Accessed September 20, 2026. U.S. Government public-domain data; retained as a reference source where a newer approved field is not available. Source · Terms/licence
- Source: Eurostat (dataset/datacode: demo_pjan) Accessed September 19, 2026. Knelstrom presentation/formatting may differ from the source. Source · Terms/licence
- United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, International Migrant Stock 2024; data access/processing via Our World in Data. Accessed September 20, 2026. Underlying UN dataset used under CC BY 3.0 IGO. Source · Terms/licence
- United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, World Population Prospects (WPP indicator 49) Accessed September 19, 2026. Used under CC BY 3.0 IGO; current-year WPP population values are presented as estimates/projections where applicable. Source · Terms/licence
- UNHCR Refugee Population Statistics Database. Accessed September 19, 2026. Used under CC BY 4.0 except where a dataset identifies a different source or licence. Source · Terms/licence
- Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem), Country-Year Dataset v16 (variables: availability) Accessed September 20, 2026. Used under CC BY-SA 4.0; V-Dem measures are expert-coded/modelled and no V-Dem endorsement is implied. Source · Terms/licence
- Wikidata structured data (CC0). Accessed September 20, 2026. Attribution is provided by Knelstrom for provenance although CC0 does not require it. Source · Terms/licence
- Wikipedia, “LGBTQ rights by country or territory” (source revision/data fields: Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Gender identity / expression law, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Open military service, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Recognition of same-sex relationships, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex adoption, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex marriage, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex sexual activity, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Sexual-orientation anti-discrimination law) Accessed September 20, 2026. Used under CC BY-SA 4.0. Knelstrom changes formatting and presents the imported material as a community-edited legal-status summary, not legal advice or a Knelstrom rights score. Source · Terms/licence
- World Bank, World Development Indicators (series: AG.LND.FRST.ZS, country_metadata, EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS, EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS, IT.CEL.SETS.P2, IT.NET.BBND.P2, IT.NET.SECR.P6, IT.NET.USER.ZS, NY.GDP.MKTP.CD, NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG, NY.GDP.PCAP.CD, SE.SEC.ENRR, SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS, SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS, SM.POP.ASYS.EO, SM.POP.NETM, SM.POP.RHCR.EO, SM.POP.TOTL, SM.POP.TOTL.ZS, SP.DYN.LE00.IN, SP.DYN.TFRT.IN, SP.POP.TOTL, SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS) Accessed September 20, 2026. Data used under CC BY 4.0; Knelstrom presentation/formatting may differ from the source. Source · Terms/licence
Knelstrom does not imply endorsement by any listed data provider.
Last automated statistical refresh: 2026-09-20 02:05:18