Knelstrom Intelligence · World Factbook
Iceland
Islandi Vabariik
CapitalReykjavík
Population392,404
GDP$38.6bn
Area103,004 km²
RegionEurope & Central Asia
Data sources current · last checked September 20, 2026 2:10 am
Country facts
Overview
Background
Settled by Norwegian and Celtic (Scottish and Irish) immigrants during the late 9th and 10th centuries A.D., Iceland boasts the world's oldest functioning legislative assembly, the Althingi, which was established in 930. Independent for over 300 years, Iceland was subsequently ruled by Norway and Denmark. Fallout from the Askja volcano of 1875 devastated the Icelandic economy and caused widespread famine. Over the next quarter-century, 20% of the island's population emigrated, mostly to Canada and the US. Denmark granted limited home rule in 1874 and complete independence in 1944. The second half of the 20th century saw substantial economic growth driven primarily by the fishing industry. The economy diversified greatly after the country joined the European Economic Area in 1994, but the global financial crisis hit Iceland especially hard in the years after 2008. The economy is now on an upward trajectory, primarily thanks to a tourism and construction boom. Literacy, longevity, and social cohesion are first-rate by world standards.
Reference: 2008, 1994, 1944Geography
Location
Northern Europe, island between the Greenland Sea and the North Atlantic Ocean, northwest of the United Kingdom
Map references
Arctic Region
Area
total: 103,000 sq km
land: 100,250 sq km
water: 2,750 sq km
land: 100,250 sq km
water: 2,750 sq km
Area - comparative
slightly smaller than Pennsylvania; about the same size as Kentucky
Land boundaries
total: 0 km
Coastline
4,970 km
Maritime claims
territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
continental shelf: 200 nm or to the edge of the continental margin
Climate
temperate; moderated by North Atlantic Current; mild, windy winters; damp, cool summers
Terrain
mostly plateau interspersed with mountain peaks, icefields; coast deeply indented by bays and fiords
Elevation
highest point: Hvannadalshnukur (at Vatnajokull Glacier) 2,110 m
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
mean elevation: 557 m
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
mean elevation: 557 m
Natural resources
fish, hydropower, geothermal power, diatomite
Land use
agricultural land: 16.2% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 1.2% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 15% (2023 est.)
forest: 0.6% (2023 est.)
other: 82.6% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023, 2022agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 1.2% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 15% (2023 est.)
forest: 0.6% (2023 est.)
other: 82.6% (2023 est.)
Irrigated land
0.5 sq km (2022)
Reference: 2022Population distribution
Iceland is almost entirely urban, with half of the population located in and around the capital of Reykjavik; smaller clusters are primarily found along the coast in the north and west
Natural hazards
earthquakes and volcanic activity
volcanism: Iceland is situated on top of a hotspot and experiences severe volcanic activity; Eyjafjallajokull (1,666 m) erupted in 2010, sending ash high into the atmosphere and seriously disrupting European air traffic; scientists continue to monitor nearby Katla (1,512 m), which has a high probability of eruption; Grimsvoetn and Hekla are Iceland's most active volcanoes; other historically active volcanoes include Askja, Bardarbunga, Brennisteinsfjoll, Esjufjoll, Hengill, Krafla, Krisuvik, Kverkfjoll, Oraefajokull, Reykjanes, Torfajokull, and Vestmannaeyjar
Reference: 2010volcanism: Iceland is situated on top of a hotspot and experiences severe volcanic activity; Eyjafjallajokull (1,666 m) erupted in 2010, sending ash high into the atmosphere and seriously disrupting European air traffic; scientists continue to monitor nearby Katla (1,512 m), which has a high probability of eruption; Grimsvoetn and Hekla are Iceland's most active volcanoes; other historically active volcanoes include Askja, Bardarbunga, Brennisteinsfjoll, Esjufjoll, Hengill, Krafla, Krisuvik, Kverkfjoll, Oraefajokull, Reykjanes, Torfajokull, and Vestmannaeyjar
Geography - note
strategic location between Greenland and Europe; westernmost European country; Reykjavik is the northernmost national capital in the world; more land covered by glaciers than in all of continental Europe
Population & Society
Nationality
noun: Icelander(s)
adjective: Icelandic
adjective: Icelandic
Ethnic groups
Icelandic 78.7%, Polish 5.8%, Danish 1%, Ukrainian 1%, other 13.5% (2024 est.)
note: note: data represent population by country of birth
Reference: 2024note: note: data represent population by country of birth
Languages
Icelandic, English, Polish, Nordic languages, German
Religions
Evangelical Lutheran Church of Iceland (official) 58.6% Roman Catholic 3.8%, Independent Congregation of Reykjavik 2.6%, Independent Congregation of Hafnarfjordur 1.9%, pagan worship 1.5%, Icelandic Ethical Humanist Association 1.4%, other (includes Zuist and Pentecostal) or unspecified 18.7%, none 7.7% (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Age structure
0-14 years: 19.8% (male 36,692/female 35,239)
15-64 years: 63.2% (male 116,210/female 113,810)
65 years and over: 17.1% (2024 est.) (male 29,366/female 32,719)
Reference: 202415-64 years: 63.2% (male 116,210/female 113,810)
65 years and over: 17.1% (2024 est.) (male 29,366/female 32,719)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio: 58.3 (2024 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 31.3 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 27 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio: 3.7 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024youth dependency ratio: 31.3 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 27 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio: 3.7 (2024 est.)
Median age
total: 38 years (2024 est.)
male: 37.4 years
female: 38.6 years
Reference: 2024male: 37.4 years
female: 38.6 years
Population growth rate
0.85% (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Birth rate
12.6 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Death rate
6.6 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Population distribution
Iceland is almost entirely urban, with half of the population located in and around the capital of Reykjavik; smaller clusters are primarily found along the coast in the north and west
Major urban areas - population
216,000 REYKJAVIK (capital) (2018)
Reference: 2018Sex ratio
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.9 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Reference: 20240-14 years: 1.04 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.9 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth
28.7 years (2020 est.)
Reference: 2020Maternal mortality ratio
3 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Gross reproduction rate
0.95 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Drinking water source
improved: urban: urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: rural: rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022improved: rural: rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 8.6% of GDP (2022)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 16.5% of national budget (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 16.5% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
4.37 physicians/1,000 population (2023)
Reference: 2023Hospital bed density
2.8 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)
Reference: 2020Sanitation facility access
improved: urban: urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: rural: rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022improved: rural: rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
21.9% (2016)
Reference: 2016Alcohol consumption per capita
total: 7.72 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer: 4.39 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 2.11 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 1.22 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Reference: 2019beer: 4.39 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 2.11 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 1.22 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Tobacco use
total: 8% (2025 est.)
male: 7.9% (2025 est.)
female: 8% (2025 est.)
male: 7.9% (2025 est.)
female: 8% (2025 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
45.1% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 19 years (2022 est.)
male: 18 years (2022 est.)
female: 20 years (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022male: 18 years (2022 est.)
female: 20 years (2022 est.)
Migration & Displacement
Immigrant/emigrant stock measures the number of international migrants resident in, or originating from, the country; it is not the same as annual immigration/emigration flows.
Refugees and internally displaced persons
refugees: 8,960 (2024 est.)
IDPs: 3,700 (2024 est.)
stateless persons: 31 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024IDPs: 3,700 (2024 est.)
stateless persons: 31 (2024 est.)
Government & Politics
| Office | Holder | Affiliation | From | Status | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Head of government | Kristrún Mjöll Frostadóttir | — | 2024-12-21 | Current | Reported |
| Head of state | Halla Tómasdóttir | — | 2024-08-01 | Current | Reported |
Country name
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Iceland
local long form: none
local short form: Island
etymology: Floki VILGERDARSON, an early Norse explorer of the island in the 10th century, applied the name "Land of Ice," from the local words ís (ice) and land (land)
conventional short form: Iceland
local long form: none
local short form: Island
etymology: Floki VILGERDARSON, an early Norse explorer of the island in the 10th century, applied the name "Land of Ice," from the local words ís (ice) and land (land)
Capital
name: Reykjavik
geographic coordinates: 64 09 N, 21 57 W
time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: the name means "smoky bay" in Icelandic and refers to the steam from the hot springs in the area
geographic coordinates: 64 09 N, 21 57 W
time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: the name means "smoky bay" in Icelandic and refers to the steam from the hot springs in the area
Administrative divisions
64 municipalities (sveitarfelog, singular - sveitarfelagidh); Akranes, Akureyri, Arneshreppur, Asahreppur, Blaskogabyggdh, Bolungarvik, Borgarbyggdh, Dalabyggdh, Dalvikurbyggdh, Eyjafjardharsveit, Eyja-og Miklaholtshreppur, Fjallabyggdh, Fjardhabyggdh, Fljotsdalshreppur, Floahreppur, Gardhabaer, Grimsnes-og Grafningshreppur, Grindavikurbaer, Grundarfjardharbaer, Grytubakkahreppur, Hafnarfjordhur, Horgarsveit, Hrunamannahreppur, Hunathing Vestra, Hunabyggdh, Hvalfjardharsveit, Hveragerdhi, Isafjardharbaer, Kaldrananeshreppur, Kjosarhreppur, Kopavogur, Langanesbyggdh, Mosfellsbaer, Mulathing, Myrdalshreppur, Nordhurthing, Rangarthing Eystra, Rangarthing Ytra, Reykholahreppur, Reykjanesbaer, Reykjavik, Seltjarnarnes, Skaftarhreppur, Skagabyggdh, Skagafjordhur, Skeidha-og Gnupverjahreppur, Skorradalshreppur, Snaefellsbaer, Strandabyggdh, Stykkisholmur, Sudhavikurhreppur, Sudhurnesjabaer, Svalbardhsstrandarhreppur, Sveitarfelagidh Arborg, Sveitarfelagidh Hornafjordhur, Sveitarfelagidh Olfus, Sveitarfelagidh Skagastrond, Sveitarfelagidh Vogar, Talknafjardharhreppur, Thingeyjarsveit, Tjorneshreppur, Vestmannaeyjar, Vesturbyggdh, Vopnafjardharhreppur
Legal system
civil law system influenced by the Danish model
Constitution
history: several previous; latest ratified 16 June 1944, effective 17 June 1944 (at independence)
amendment process: proposed by the Althingi; passage requires approval by the Althingi and by the next elected Althingi, and confirmation by the president of the republic; proposed amendments to Article 62 of the constitution – that the Evangelical Lutheran Church shall be the state church of Iceland – also require passage by referendum
Reference: 1944amendment process: proposed by the Althingi; passage requires approval by the Althingi and by the next elected Althingi, and confirmation by the president of the republic; proposed amendments to Article 62 of the constitution – that the Evangelical Lutheran Church shall be the state church of Iceland – also require passage by referendum
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Citizenship
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Iceland
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: 3 to 7 years
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Iceland
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: 3 to 7 years
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch
chief of state: President Halla TOMASDOTTIR (since 1 August 2024)
head of government: Prime Minister Kristrun FROSTADOTTIR (since 21 December 2024)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president upon the recommendation of the prime minister
election/appointment process: president directly elected by simple-majority popular vote for a 4-year term (no term limits); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition becomes prime minister
most recent election date: 1 June 2024
election results: 2024: Halla TOMASDOTTIR elected president; percent of vote - Halla TOMASDOTTIR (independent) 34.1%, Katrin JAKOBSDOTTIR (Left-Green Movement) 25.2%, Halla Hrund LOGADOTTIR (independent) 15.7%, Jon GNARR (Social Democratic Alliance) 10.1%, Baldur PORHALLSSON (independent) 8.4%, other 6.5%
2020: Gudni Thorlacius JOHANNESSON reelected president; percent of vote - Gudni Thorlacius JOHANNESSON (independent) 92.2%, Gudmundur Franklin JONSSON (independent) 7.8%
expected date of next election: June 2028
Reference: 2028, 2024, 2020head of government: Prime Minister Kristrun FROSTADOTTIR (since 21 December 2024)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president upon the recommendation of the prime minister
election/appointment process: president directly elected by simple-majority popular vote for a 4-year term (no term limits); following legislative elections, the leader of the majority party or majority coalition becomes prime minister
most recent election date: 1 June 2024
election results: 2024: Halla TOMASDOTTIR elected president; percent of vote - Halla TOMASDOTTIR (independent) 34.1%, Katrin JAKOBSDOTTIR (Left-Green Movement) 25.2%, Halla Hrund LOGADOTTIR (independent) 15.7%, Jon GNARR (Social Democratic Alliance) 10.1%, Baldur PORHALLSSON (independent) 8.4%, other 6.5%
2020: Gudni Thorlacius JOHANNESSON reelected president; percent of vote - Gudni Thorlacius JOHANNESSON (independent) 92.2%, Gudmundur Franklin JONSSON (independent) 7.8%
expected date of next election: June 2028
Legislative branch
legislature name: Parliament (Althingi)
legislative structure: unicameral
number of seats: 63 (all directly elected)
electoral system: proportional representation
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 4 years
most recent election date: 11/30/2024
parties elected and seats per party: Social Democratic Alliance (SDA) (15); Independence Party (IP) (14); Liberal Reform Party (11); People’s Party (10); Center Party (8); Progressive Party (PP) (5)
percentage of women in chamber: 46%
expected date of next election: November 2028
Reference: 2028, 2024legislative structure: unicameral
number of seats: 63 (all directly elected)
electoral system: proportional representation
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 4 years
most recent election date: 11/30/2024
parties elected and seats per party: Social Democratic Alliance (SDA) (15); Independence Party (IP) (14); Liberal Reform Party (11); People’s Party (10); Center Party (8); Progressive Party (PP) (5)
percentage of women in chamber: 46%
expected date of next election: November 2028
Judicial branch
highest court(s): Supreme Court or Haestirettur (consists of 7 judges)
judge selection and term of office: judges proposed by Ministry of Interior selection committee and appointed by the president for an indefinite period
subordinate courts: Appellate Court or Landsrettur; 8 district courts; Labor Court
judge selection and term of office: judges proposed by Ministry of Interior selection committee and appointed by the president for an indefinite period
subordinate courts: Appellate Court or Landsrettur; 8 district courts; Labor Court
Political parties
Center Party or M
Independence Party or D
Liberal Reform Party or C
People's Party or F
Progressive Party or B
Social Democratic Alliance or S
Independence Party or D
Liberal Reform Party or C
People's Party or F
Progressive Party or B
Social Democratic Alliance or S
Diplomatic representation in the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Svanhildur Hólm VALSDÓTTIR (since 18 September 2024)
chancery: House of Sweden, 2900 K Street NW, #509, Washington, DC 20007
telephone: [1] (202) 265-6653
FAX: [1] (202) 265-6656
email address and website: washington@mfa.is
https://www.government.is/diplomatic-missions/embassy-of-iceland-in-washington-d.c/
Reference: 2024chancery: House of Sweden, 2900 K Street NW, #509, Washington, DC 20007
telephone: [1] (202) 265-6653
FAX: [1] (202) 265-6656
email address and website: washington@mfa.is
https://www.government.is/diplomatic-missions/embassy-of-iceland-in-washington-d.c/
Diplomatic representation from the US
chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Erin SAWYER (since January 2025)
embassy: Engjateigur 7, 105 Reykjavik
mailing address: 5640 Reykjavik Place, Washington, D.C. 20521-5640
telephone: [354] 595-2200
FAX: [354] 562-9118
email address and website: ReykjavikConsular@state.gov
https://is.usembassy.gov/
embassy: Engjateigur 7, 105 Reykjavik
mailing address: 5640 Reykjavik Place, Washington, D.C. 20521-5640
telephone: [354] 595-2200
FAX: [354] 562-9118
email address and website: ReykjavikConsular@state.gov
https://is.usembassy.gov/
International organization participation
Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, EFTA, FAO, FATF, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Independence
1 December 1918 (became a sovereign state under the Danish Crown); 17 June 1944 (from Denmark; birthday of Jon SIGURDSSON, leader of Iceland's 19th-century independence movement)
Reference: 1944, 1918National holiday
Independence Day, 17 June (1944)
Reference: 1944Flag
description: blue with a red cross outlined in white extending to the edges of the flag; the cross is shifted to the left in the style of the Dannebrog (Danish flag)
meaning: red stands for the island's volcanic fires, white for the snow and ice fields, and blue for the ocean
meaning: red stands for the island's volcanic fires, white for the snow and ice fields, and blue for the ocean
National symbol(s)
gyrfalcon
National color(s)
blue, white, red
National coat of arms
Iceland’s coat of arms is derived from a 13th-century folktale about four guardians who protect the four corners of the nation; the bull protects the northwest, the eagle the northeast, the dragon the southeast, and the rock-giant the southwest; the shield displays the national flag, with red standing for Iceland’s volcanic fires, white for its snow and ice fields, and blue for the ocean
National anthem(s)
title: "Lofsongur" (Song of Praise)
lyrics/music: Matthias JOCHUMSSON/Sveinbjorn SVEINBJORNSSON
history: adopted 1918
Reference: 1918lyrics/music: Matthias JOCHUMSSON/Sveinbjorn SVEINBJORNSSON
history: adopted 1918
National heritage
total World Heritage Sites: 3 (1 cultural, 2 natural)
selected World Heritage Site locales: Thingvellir National Park (c); Surtsey (n); Vatnajökull National Park - Dynamic Nature of Fire and Ice (n)
selected World Heritage Site locales: Thingvellir National Park (c); Surtsey (n); Vatnajökull National Park - Dynamic Nature of Fire and Ice (n)
Government & Official Links
| Institution | Official website | X / Twitter | Verification |
|---|---|---|---|
| Iceland official website | Official website | — | Reported · source Checked September 20, 2026 |
Institutional accounts only; personal accounts of political office-holders are excluded.
Legislature & Elections
Legislature
| Name | Chamber | Seats | Electoral system |
|---|---|---|---|
| Althing | — | 63 | — |
Economy
Economic overview
high-income North Atlantic island economy; not an EU member but market integration via European Economic Area (EEA); dominant tourism, fishing, and aluminum industries vulnerable to demand swings and disruption from volcanic activity; inflation remains above target rate; barriers to foreign business access and economic diversification
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024: $26.561 billion (2024 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $26.424 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $25.012 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $26.424 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $25.012 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP per capita
Real GDP per capita 2024: $65,600 (2024 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023: $67,200 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $65,500 (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Real GDP per capita 2023: $67,200 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $65,500 (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
agriculture: 4% (2024 est.)
industry: 19.4% (2024 est.)
services: 65.5% (2024 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
Reference: 2024industry: 19.4% (2024 est.)
services: 65.5% (2024 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
GDP - composition, by end use
household consumption: 49.3% (2023 est.)
government consumption: 25.3% (2023 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 24.8% (2023 est.)
investment in inventories: 0.7% (2023 est.)
exports of goods and services: 43.4% (2023 est.)
imports of goods and services: -43.3% (2023 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Reference: 2023government consumption: 25.3% (2023 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 24.8% (2023 est.)
investment in inventories: 0.7% (2023 est.)
exports of goods and services: 43.4% (2023 est.)
imports of goods and services: -43.3% (2023 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Agricultural products
milk, chicken, lamb/mutton, barley, potatoes, pork, beef, eggs, other meats, cucumbers/gherkins (2023)
note: note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Reference: 2023note: note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Industries
tourism, fish processing; aluminum smelting; geothermal power, hydropower; medical/pharmaceutical products
Industrial production growth rate
-2.3% (2024 est.)
note: note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Reference: 2024note: note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Labor force
248,400 (2024 est.)
note: note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Reference: 2024note: note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
total: 7.6% (2024 est.)
male: 8.3% (2024 est.)
female: 7% (2024 est.)
note: note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Reference: 2024male: 8.3% (2024 est.)
female: 7% (2024 est.)
note: note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Population below poverty line
8.8% (2017 est.)
note: note: % of population with income below national poverty line
Reference: 2017note: note: % of population with income below national poverty line
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2018: 26.6 (2018 est.)
note: note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
Reference: 2018note: note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
Household income or consumption by percentage share
lowest 10%: 3.7% (2018 est.)
highest 10%: 21.7% (2018 est.)
note: note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
Reference: 2018highest 10%: 21.7% (2018 est.)
note: note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
Remittances
Remittances 2024: 0.7% of GDP (2024 est.)
Remittances 2023: 0.7% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2022: 0.7% of GDP (2022 est.)
note: note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Remittances 2023: 0.7% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2022: 0.7% of GDP (2022 est.)
note: note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Budget
revenues: $10.023 billion (2023 est.)
expenditures: $10.364 billion (2023 est.)
note: note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Reference: 2023expenditures: $10.364 billion (2023 est.)
note: note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Public debt
Public debt 2023: 80.7% of GDP (2023 est.)
note: note: central government debt as a % of GDP
Reference: 2023note: note: central government debt as a % of GDP
Taxes and other revenues
23.3% (of GDP) (2023 est.)
note: note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
Reference: 2023note: note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
Current account balance
Current account balance 2024: -$845.319 million (2024 est.)
Current account balance 2023: $290.603 million (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: -$698.165 million (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Current account balance 2023: $290.603 million (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: -$698.165 million (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
Exports 2024: $13.916 billion (2024 est.)
Exports 2023: $13.702 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $13.114 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Exports 2023: $13.702 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $13.114 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - partners
Netherlands 27%, Germany 11%, USA 10%, UK 8%, Norway 6% (2023)
note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Exports - commodities
aluminum, fish, orthopedic appliances, animal meal, iron alloys (2023)
note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports
Imports 2024: $14.298 billion (2024 est.)
Imports 2023: $13.63 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $13.237 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Imports 2023: $13.63 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $13.237 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - partners
Norway 11%, China 9%, Germany 9%, Netherlands 8%, USA 7% (2023)
note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Imports - commodities
refined petroleum, cars, carbon-based electronics, aluminum oxide, computers (2023)
note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024: $6.403 billion (2024 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $5.809 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $5.887 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $5.809 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $5.887 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Exchange rates
Currency: Icelandic kronur (ISK) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2024: 137.958 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 137.943 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 135.28 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 126.989 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020: 135.422 (2020 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Exchange rates 2024: 137.958 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 137.943 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 135.28 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 126.989 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020: 135.422 (2020 est.)
Trade
Current account balance
Current account balance 2024: -$845.319 million (2024 est.)
Current account balance 2023: $290.603 million (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: -$698.165 million (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Current account balance 2023: $290.603 million (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: -$698.165 million (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
Exports 2024: $13.916 billion (2024 est.)
Exports 2023: $13.702 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $13.114 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Exports 2023: $13.702 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $13.114 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - partners
Netherlands 27%, Germany 11%, USA 10%, UK 8%, Norway 6% (2023)
note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Exports - commodities
aluminum, fish, orthopedic appliances, animal meal, iron alloys (2023)
note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports
Imports 2024: $14.298 billion (2024 est.)
Imports 2023: $13.63 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $13.237 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Imports 2023: $13.63 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $13.237 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - partners
Norway 11%, China 9%, Germany 9%, Netherlands 8%, USA 7% (2023)
note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Imports - commodities
refined petroleum, cars, carbon-based electronics, aluminum oxide, computers (2023)
note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Energy & Resources
Electricity
installed generating capacity: 3.005 million kW (2023 est.)
consumption: 19.584 billion kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 543 million kWh (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023consumption: 19.584 billion kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 543 million kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources
hydroelectricity: 70.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
geothermal: 29.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023geothermal: 29.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Coal
consumption: 137,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
exports: 81 metric tons (2023 est.)
imports: 106,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023exports: 81 metric tons (2023 est.)
imports: 106,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Petroleum
refined petroleum consumption: 19,000 bbl/day (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Infrastructure
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 82,000 (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 21 (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 21 (2023 est.)
Health
Maternal mortality ratio
3 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 8.6% of GDP (2022)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 16.5% of national budget (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 16.5% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
4.37 physicians/1,000 population (2023)
Reference: 2023Hospital bed density
2.8 beds/1,000 population (2020 est.)
Reference: 2020Obesity - adult prevalence rate
21.9% (2016)
Reference: 2016Tobacco use
total: 8% (2025 est.)
male: 7.9% (2025 est.)
female: 8% (2025 est.)
male: 7.9% (2025 est.)
female: 8% (2025 est.)
Education
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 19 years (2022 est.)
male: 18 years (2022 est.)
female: 20 years (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022male: 18 years (2022 est.)
female: 20 years (2022 est.)
Rights, Freedoms & Society
Press & Media Freedom
V-Dem expert-coded/modelled source measures. Knelstrom does not create a press-freedom ranking or composite score.
LGBTQ+ Rights & Law
Concrete legal-status fields only; Knelstrom does not generate an LGBTQ rights score or country ranking.
Source: Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory (CC BY-SA 4.0). Community-edited legal-status summary; retrieved by Knelstrom and not legal advice.
Crime & Justice
Legal system
civil law system influenced by the Danish model
Judicial branch
highest court(s): Supreme Court or Haestirettur (consists of 7 judges)
judge selection and term of office: judges proposed by Ministry of Interior selection committee and appointed by the president for an indefinite period
subordinate courts: Appellate Court or Landsrettur; 8 district courts; Labor Court
judge selection and term of office: judges proposed by Ministry of Interior selection committee and appointed by the president for an indefinite period
subordinate courts: Appellate Court or Landsrettur; 8 district courts; Labor Court
Military & Security
Military and security forces
no regular military forces; the Icelandic National Police, the regional police forces, and the Icelandic Coast Guard fall under the purview of the Ministry of Justice (2025)
note: note: the Icelandic Coast Guard is responsible for operational defense tasks in Iceland including but not limited to operation of Keflavik Air Base, special security zones, and the Icelandic air defense system; it also coordinates with NATO in such areas as air surveillance and military defense exercises
note: note: the Icelandic Coast Guard is responsible for operational defense tasks in Iceland including but not limited to operation of Keflavik Air Base, special security zones, and the Icelandic air defense system; it also coordinates with NATO in such areas as air surveillance and military defense exercises
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
the Icelandic Coast Guard's inventory consists of equipment from mostly European suppliers (2024)
Reference: 2024Military - note
Iceland was one of the original 12 countries to sign the North Atlantic Treaty (also known as the Washington Treaty) in 1949; Iceland is the only NATO member that has no standing military force; defense of Iceland remains a NATO commitment and NATO maintains an air policing presence in Icelandic airspace; Iceland participates in international peacekeeping missions with the civilian-manned Icelandic Crisis Response Unit (ICRU)
Iceland also cooperates with the militaries of other regional countries through the Nordic Defense Cooperation (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) and the Joint Expeditionary Force (Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and the UK); in 1951, Iceland and the US concluded an agreement to make arrangements regarding the defense of Iceland and for the use of facilities in Iceland to that end (2025)
Reference: 2025, 1951, 1949Iceland also cooperates with the militaries of other regional countries through the Nordic Defense Cooperation (Denmark, Finland, Iceland, Norway, and Sweden) and the Joint Expeditionary Force (Denmark, Estonia, Finland, Iceland, Latvia, Lithuania, the Netherlands, Norway, Sweden and the UK); in 1951, Iceland and the US concluded an agreement to make arrangements regarding the defense of Iceland and for the use of facilities in Iceland to that end (2025)
International Relations
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Diplomatic representation in the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Svanhildur Hólm VALSDÓTTIR (since 18 September 2024)
chancery: House of Sweden, 2900 K Street NW, #509, Washington, DC 20007
telephone: [1] (202) 265-6653
FAX: [1] (202) 265-6656
email address and website: washington@mfa.is
https://www.government.is/diplomatic-missions/embassy-of-iceland-in-washington-d.c/
Reference: 2024chancery: House of Sweden, 2900 K Street NW, #509, Washington, DC 20007
telephone: [1] (202) 265-6653
FAX: [1] (202) 265-6656
email address and website: washington@mfa.is
https://www.government.is/diplomatic-missions/embassy-of-iceland-in-washington-d.c/
Diplomatic representation from the US
chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Erin SAWYER (since January 2025)
embassy: Engjateigur 7, 105 Reykjavik
mailing address: 5640 Reykjavik Place, Washington, D.C. 20521-5640
telephone: [354] 595-2200
FAX: [354] 562-9118
email address and website: ReykjavikConsular@state.gov
https://is.usembassy.gov/
embassy: Engjateigur 7, 105 Reykjavik
mailing address: 5640 Reykjavik Place, Washington, D.C. 20521-5640
telephone: [354] 595-2200
FAX: [354] 562-9118
email address and website: ReykjavikConsular@state.gov
https://is.usembassy.gov/
International organization participation
Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, EFTA, FAO, FATF, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Treaties & Organisations
| Organisation | Status | Joined |
|---|---|---|
| Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) | member | 1973-06-25 |
| NATO (NATO) | member | 1949-04-04 |
| OECD (OECD) | member | — |
| United Nations (UN) | member | 1946-11-19 |
| World Trade Organization (WTO) | member | 1960-05-03 |
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
International organization participation
Arctic Council, Australia Group, BIS, CBSS, CD, CE, EAPC, EBRD, EFTA, FAO, FATF, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NATO, NC, NEA, NIB, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Conflict & Security
Refugees and internally displaced persons
refugees: 8,960 (2024 est.)
IDPs: 3,700 (2024 est.)
stateless persons: 31 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024IDPs: 3,700 (2024 est.)
stateless persons: 31 (2024 est.)
Transportation & Logistics
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
TF
Airports
82 (2025)
Heliports
1 (2025)
Merchant marine
total: 39 (2023)
by type: general cargo 5, oil tanker 2, other 32
Reference: 2023by type: general cargo 5, oil tanker 2, other 32
Ports
total ports: 43 (2024)
large: 0
medium: 2
small: 2
very small: 17
size unknown: 22
ports with oil terminals: 5
key ports: Grundartangi, Reykjavik, Seydhisfjordhur, Vestmannaeyjar
Reference: 2024large: 0
medium: 2
small: 2
very small: 17
size unknown: 22
ports with oil terminals: 5
key ports: Grundartangi, Reykjavik, Seydhisfjordhur, Vestmannaeyjar
Environment
Environmental issues
water pollution from fertilizer runoff
International environmental agreements
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Environmental Modification, Marine Life Conservation
signed, but not ratified: Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Environmental Modification, Marine Life Conservation
Climate
temperate; moderated by North Atlantic Current; mild, windy winters; damp, cool summers
Land use
agricultural land: 16.2% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 1.2% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 15% (2023 est.)
forest: 0.6% (2023 est.)
other: 82.6% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023, 2022agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 1.2% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 15% (2023 est.)
forest: 0.6% (2023 est.)
other: 82.6% (2023 est.)
Urbanization
urban population: 94% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 0.74% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Reference: 2023, 2020rate of urbanization: 0.74% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions
total emissions: 3.101 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke: 376,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids: 2.725 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023from coal and metallurgical coke: 376,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids: 2.725 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Particulate matter emissions
5.8 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Reference: 2019Waste and recycling
municipal solid waste generated annually: 225,300 tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 55.5% (2022 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2022percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 55.5% (2022 est.)
Total water withdrawal
municipal: 80 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
industrial: 198 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
agricultural: 300,000 cubic meters (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022industrial: 198 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
agricultural: 300,000 cubic meters (2022 est.)
Total renewable water resources
170 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022Geoparks
total global geoparks and regional networks: 2
global geoparks and regional networks: Katla; Reykjanes (2023)
Reference: 2023global geoparks and regional networks: Katla; Reykjanes (2023)
Communications & Media
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 82,000 (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 21 (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 21 (2023 est.)
Broadcast media
state-owned public TV broadcaster (RUV) operates 21 TV channels nationally; every household is required to have RUV, which doubles as the emergency broadcast network; 3 privately owned TV stations; 100% of households have multi-channel services though digital and/or fiber-optic connections; RUV operates 3 national and 4 regional radio stations; 1 privately owned radio conglomerate, Syn (4 stations), broadcasts nationwide; over 20 regional radio stations (2019)
Reference: 2019Internet country code
.is
Historical Trends
Population
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View Population data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 335,439 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | 343,400 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | 352,721 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | 360,563 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | 366,463 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | 372,520 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | 382,003 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | 385,663 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 386,506 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | 392,404 | world_bank_wdi |
GDP (current US$)
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View GDP (current US$) data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | $21,083,713,310 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | $25,060,086,488 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | $26,677,652,544 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | $24,985,687,022 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | $22,034,665,041 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | $26,234,872,402 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | $29,176,227,825 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | $31,701,996,434 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | $33,186,621,855 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | $38,582,528,789 | world_bank_wdi |
International migrant stock (immigrants)
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View International migrant stock (immigrants) data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 65,424 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 98,818 | world_bank_wdi |
International emigrant stock
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View International emigrant stock data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 6,586 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 1995 | 8,745 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2000 | 11,709 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2005 | 13,497 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2010 | 16,404 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2015 | 19,596 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2020 | 20,887 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2024 | 23,326 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
Net migration
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View Net migration data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 4,128 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | 8,348 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | 6,638 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | 5,030 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | 2,498 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | 4,911 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | 6,535 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | 4,630 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 3,543 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | 2,709 | world_bank_wdi |
Sources & Methodology
Current statistical observations include their reference period and provenance. Reference fields from approved source datasets are attributed below. Missing information is left unknown rather than inferred.
| Indicator | Value | Period | Source | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 392,404 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| UN Population Division population estimate | 402,329 | 2026 | UN Population Division Data Portal | Estimated |
| Wikidata population (fallback) | 364,260 | 2019 | Wikidata | Reported |
| International migrant stock (immigrants) | 98,818 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| International migrant stock | 25.1% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| International emigrant stock | 23,326 | 2024 | UN DESA International Migrant Stock 2024 | Estimated |
| Net migration | 2,709 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Refugees from this country | 0 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Asylum seekers from this country | 5 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Freedom of expression & alternative information index | 0.846 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Government censorship effort — media | 2.849 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Harassment of journalists | 0.464 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Print/broadcast media critical of government | 1.245 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Range of perspectives in major media | 1.303 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Media bias | 1.018 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Media self-censorship | 1.121 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Same-sex sexual activity | Yes Legal since 1940; equal age of consent since 1992; (As part of Denmark); + UN decl. sign. | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Recognition of same-sex relationships | Yes Registered cohabitation since 2006; Registered partnerships from 1996 to 2010 (existing partnerships are still recognised) | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Same-sex marriage | Yes Legal since 2010 | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Same-sex adoption | Yes Legal since 2006 | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Open military service | No standing army | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Sexual-orientation anti-discrimination law | Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Gender identity / expression law | Yes Documents can be amended to the recognised gender, sterilisation not required | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| GDP (current US$) | $38,582,528,789 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| GDP per capita (current US$) | $98,323 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| GDP growth | 1.3% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Inflation, consumer prices | 4.1% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Unemployment | 3.6% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Income level | High income | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Life expectancy at birth | 82.8 years | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Fertility rate | 1.6 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Urban population | 94.2% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Individuals using the Internet | 98.2% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Exports of goods and services | 40.1% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Imports of goods and services | 42.4% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Trade | 82.5% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Secondary school enrolment, gross | 108.9% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Government education expenditure | 7.3% | 2022 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Access to electricity | 100.0% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Electric power consumption | 48,998 kWh/person | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Renewable energy consumption | 82.4% | 2021 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Current health expenditure | 9.0% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Infant mortality rate | 2.1 per 1,000 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Forest area | 0.5% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Mobile cellular subscriptions | 120.9 per 100 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Fixed broadband subscriptions | 37.5 per 100 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Secure Internet servers | 88,084 per million | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Latitude | 64.1353° | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Longitude | -21.8952° | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Latitude (Wikidata) | 65.0000° | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Longitude (Wikidata) | -19.0000° | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Time zone | UTC±00:00 | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Form of government | parliamentary republic | current | Wikidata | Reported |
Data attribution
Credits below are generated from sources actually used by this country profile. Source-specific terms take precedence.
- CIA World Factbook, final 2025 country profile (structured via factbook.json). Accessed September 20, 2026. U.S. Government public-domain data; retained as a reference source where a newer approved field is not available. Source · Terms/licence
- Source: Eurostat (dataset/datacode: demo_pjan) Accessed September 19, 2026. Knelstrom presentation/formatting may differ from the source. Source · Terms/licence
- United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, International Migrant Stock 2024; data access/processing via Our World in Data. Accessed September 20, 2026. Underlying UN dataset used under CC BY 3.0 IGO. Source · Terms/licence
- United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, World Population Prospects (WPP indicator 49) Accessed September 19, 2026. Used under CC BY 3.0 IGO; current-year WPP population values are presented as estimates/projections where applicable. Source · Terms/licence
- Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem), Country-Year Dataset v16 (variables: v2mebias, v2mecenefm, v2mecrit, v2meharjrn, v2merange, v2meslfcen, v2x_freexp_altinf) Accessed September 20, 2026. Used under CC BY-SA 4.0; V-Dem measures are expert-coded/modelled and no V-Dem endorsement is implied. Source · Terms/licence
- Wikidata structured data (CC0). Accessed September 20, 2026. Attribution is provided by Knelstrom for provenance although CC0 does not require it. Source · Terms/licence
- Wikipedia, “LGBTQ rights by country or territory” (source revision/data fields: Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Gender identity / expression law, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Open military service, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Recognition of same-sex relationships, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex adoption, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex marriage, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex sexual activity, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Sexual-orientation anti-discrimination law) Accessed September 20, 2026. Used under CC BY-SA 4.0. Knelstrom changes formatting and presents the imported material as a community-edited legal-status summary, not legal advice or a Knelstrom rights score. Source · Terms/licence
- World Bank, World Development Indicators (series: AG.LND.FRST.ZS, country_metadata, EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS, EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS, EG.USE.ELEC.KH.PC, FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG, IT.CEL.SETS.P2, IT.NET.BBND.P2, IT.NET.SECR.P6, IT.NET.USER.ZS, NE.EXP.GNFS.ZS, NE.IMP.GNFS.ZS, NE.TRD.GNFS.ZS, NY.GDP.MKTP.CD, NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG, NY.GDP.PCAP.CD, SE.SEC.ENRR, SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS, SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS, SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS, SM.POP.ASYS.EO, SM.POP.NETM, SM.POP.RHCR.EO, SM.POP.TOTL, SM.POP.TOTL.ZS, SP.DYN.IMRT.IN, SP.DYN.LE00.IN, SP.DYN.TFRT.IN, SP.POP.TOTL, SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS) Accessed September 20, 2026. Data used under CC BY 4.0; Knelstrom presentation/formatting may differ from the source. Source · Terms/licence
Knelstrom does not imply endorsement by any listed data provider.
Last automated statistical refresh: 2026-09-20 02:05:15