Knelstrom Intelligence · World Factbook
Hungary
Magyarország
CapitalBudapest
Population9,514,251
GDP$246.5bn
Area93,011 km²
RegionEurope & Central Asia
Data sources current · last checked September 20, 2026 2:10 am
Country facts
Overview
Background
Hungary became a Christian kingdom in A.D. 1000 and for many centuries served as a bulwark against Ottoman Turkish expansion in Europe. The kingdom eventually became part of the Austro-Hungarian Empire, which collapsed during World War I. The country fell under communist rule after World War II. In 1956, Moscow responded to a Hungarian revolt and announcement of its withdrawal from the Warsaw Pact with a massive military intervention. Under the leadership of Janos KADAR in 1968, Hungary began liberalizing its economy, introducing so-called "Goulash Communism." Hungary held its first multiparty elections in 1990 and initiated a free market economy. It joined NATO in 1999 and the EU five years later.
Reference: 1999, 1990, 1968, 1956Geography
Location
Central Europe, northwest of Romania
Map references
Europe
Area
total: 93,028 sq km
land: 89,608 sq km
water: 3,420 sq km
land: 89,608 sq km
water: 3,420 sq km
Area - comparative
slightly smaller than Virginia; about the same size as Indiana
Land boundaries
total: 2,106 km
border countries: Austria 321 km; Croatia 348 km; Romania 424 km; Serbia 164 km; Slovakia 627 km; Slovenia 94 km; Ukraine 128 km
border countries: Austria 321 km; Croatia 348 km; Romania 424 km; Serbia 164 km; Slovakia 627 km; Slovenia 94 km; Ukraine 128 km
Coastline
0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims
none (landlocked)
Climate
temperate; cold, cloudy, humid winters; warm summers
Terrain
mostly flat to rolling plains; hills and low mountains on the Slovakian border
Elevation
highest point: Kekes 1,014 m
lowest point: Tisza River 78 m
mean elevation: 143 m
lowest point: Tisza River 78 m
mean elevation: 143 m
Natural resources
bauxite, coal, natural gas, fertile soils, arable land
Land use
agricultural land: 55.7% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 45.4% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 1.6% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 8.6% (2023 est.)
forest: 22.7% (2023 est.)
other: 20.9% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 45.4% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 1.6% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 8.6% (2023 est.)
forest: 22.7% (2023 est.)
other: 20.9% (2023 est.)
Irrigated land
1,331 sq km (2022)
Reference: 2022Major lakes (area sq km)
fresh water lake(s): Lake Balaton - 590 sq km
Major rivers (by length in km)
Duna (Danube) (shared with Germany [s], Austria, Slovakia, Croatia, Serbia, Bulgaria, Ukraine, Moldova, and Romania [m]) - 2,888 km
note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
Major watersheds (area sq km)
Atlantic Ocean drainage: (Black Sea) Danube (795,656 sq km)
Population distribution
a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations
Geography - note
landlocked; strategic location on main land routes between Western Europe and Balkan Peninsula, as well as between Ukraine and the Mediterranean basin; the Duna (Danube) and Tisza Rivers divide the country into three large regions
Population & Society
Nationality
noun: Hungarian(s)
adjective: Hungarian
adjective: Hungarian
Ethnic groups
Hungarian 84.3%, Romani 2.1%, German 1%, other 1.2%, unspecified 13.7% (2022 est.)
note: note: percentages add up to more than 100% because respondents were able to identify more than one ethnic group; Romani populations are usually underestimated in official statistics and may represent 5–10% of Hungary's population
Reference: 2022note: note: percentages add up to more than 100% because respondents were able to identify more than one ethnic group; Romani populations are usually underestimated in official statistics and may represent 5–10% of Hungary's population
Languages
Languages: Hungarian (official) 98.8%, English 25.3%, German 12.6%, Russian 2.1%, French 1.5%, Romanian 1.4%, other 5.1% (2022 est.)
major-language sample(s): A World Factbook nélkülözhetetlen forrása az alapvető információnak. (Hungarian)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
note: note: percentages add up to more than 100% because respondents were able to identify more than one spoken language
Reference: 2022major-language sample(s): A World Factbook nélkülözhetetlen forrása az alapvető információnak. (Hungarian)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
note: note: percentages add up to more than 100% because respondents were able to identify more than one spoken language
Religions
Catholic 30.1% (Roman Catholic 27.5%, Greek Catholic 1.7%, other Catholic 0.9%), Calvinist 9.8%, Lutheran 1.8%, other Christian (includes Orthodox) 1.6%, other 0.4%, none 16.1%, no answer 40.1% (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022Age structure
0-14 years: 14.6% (male 753,955/female 683,943)
15-64 years: 63.9% (male 3,195,761/female 3,104,750)
65 years and over: 21.5% (2024 est.) (male 862,952/female 1,254,384)
Reference: 202415-64 years: 63.9% (male 3,195,761/female 3,104,750)
65 years and over: 21.5% (2024 est.) (male 862,952/female 1,254,384)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio: 56.4 (2024 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 22.8 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 33.6 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio: 3 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024youth dependency ratio: 22.8 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 33.6 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio: 3 (2024 est.)
Median age
total: 44.8 years (2024 est.)
male: 42.8 years
female: 46.7 years
Reference: 2024male: 42.8 years
female: 46.7 years
Population growth rate
-0.28% (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Birth rate
9.1 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Death rate
14.5 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Population distribution
a fairly even distribution throughout most of the country, with urban areas attracting larger and denser populations
Major urban areas - population
1.778 million BUDAPEST (capital) (2023)
Reference: 2023Sex ratio
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.1 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female
total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Reference: 20240-14 years: 1.1 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.69 male(s)/female
total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth
28.4 years (2020 est.)
Reference: 2020Maternal mortality ratio
12 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Gross reproduction rate
0.78 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Drinking water source
improved: urban: urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: rural: rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022improved: rural: rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 7.4% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 9.9% of national budget (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022, 2021Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 9.9% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
3.46 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
Reference: 2022Hospital bed density
6.8 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Reference: 2021Sanitation facility access
improved: urban: urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: rural: rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022improved: rural: rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
26.4% (2016)
Reference: 2016Alcohol consumption per capita
total: 10.79 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer: 3.96 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 3.33 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 3.5 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Reference: 2019beer: 3.96 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 3.33 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 3.5 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Tobacco use
total: 28.5% (2025 est.)
male: 33.7% (2025 est.)
female: 23.8% (2025 est.)
male: 33.7% (2025 est.)
female: 23.8% (2025 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
51.4% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 16 years (2023 est.)
male: 15 years (2023 est.)
female: 16 years (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023male: 15 years (2023 est.)
female: 16 years (2023 est.)
Migration & Displacement
Immigrant/emigrant stock measures the number of international migrants resident in, or originating from, the country; it is not the same as annual immigration/emigration flows.
Refugees and internally displaced persons
refugees: 72,359 (2024 est.)
stateless persons: 101 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024stateless persons: 101 (2024 est.)
Government & Politics
| Office | Holder | Affiliation | From | Status | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Head of government | Péter Magyar | — | 2026-05-09 | Current | Reported |
Country name
conventional long form: none
conventional short form: Hungary
local long form: none
local short form: Magyarorszag
former: Kingdom of Hungary, Hungarian People's Republic, Hungarian Soviet Republic, Hungarian Republic
etymology: the Byzantine Greeks referred to the tribes that arrived on the steppes of Eastern Europe in the 9th century as the "Oungroi," a name that later became "Hungari," which originally meant an "[alliance of] ten tribes;" the Hungarian name Magyarorszag means "Country of the Magyars," which may be derived from the name of the most prominent of the Hungarian tribes
conventional short form: Hungary
local long form: none
local short form: Magyarorszag
former: Kingdom of Hungary, Hungarian People's Republic, Hungarian Soviet Republic, Hungarian Republic
etymology: the Byzantine Greeks referred to the tribes that arrived on the steppes of Eastern Europe in the 9th century as the "Oungroi," a name that later became "Hungari," which originally meant an "[alliance of] ten tribes;" the Hungarian name Magyarorszag means "Country of the Magyars," which may be derived from the name of the most prominent of the Hungarian tribes
Capital
name: Budapest
geographic coordinates: 47 30 N, 19 05 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
etymology: Buda on the western shore of the Danube and Pest on the eastern shore merged in 1873 to form Budapest; Buda's name may derive from the name of its founder or from a local word meaning "water;" Pest derives from a Slavic word meaning "furnace" or "oven"
geographic coordinates: 47 30 N, 19 05 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
daylight saving time: +1hr, begins last Sunday in March; ends last Sunday in October
etymology: Buda on the western shore of the Danube and Pest on the eastern shore merged in 1873 to form Budapest; Buda's name may derive from the name of its founder or from a local word meaning "water;" Pest derives from a Slavic word meaning "furnace" or "oven"
Administrative divisions
19 counties (megyek, singular - megye), 25 cities with county rights (megyei jogu varosok, singular - megyei jogu varos), and 1 capital city (fovaros)
counties: Bacs-Kiskun, Baranya, Bekes, Borsod-Abauj-Zemplen, Csongrad-Csanad, Fejer, Gyor-Moson-Sopron, Hajdu-Bihar, Heves, Jasz-Nagykun-Szolnok, Komarom-Esztergom, Nograd, Pest, Somogy, Szabolcs-Szatmar-Bereg, Tolna, Vas, Veszprem, Zala
cities with county rights: Baja, Bekescsaba, Debrecen, Dunaujvaros, Eger, Erd, Esztergom, Gyor, Hodmezovasarhely, Kaposvar, Kecskemet, Miskolc, Nagykanizsa, Nyiregyhaza, Pecs, Salgotarjan, Sopron, Szeged, Szekesfehervar, Szekszard, Szolnok, Szombathely, Tatabanya, Veszprem, Zalaegerszeg
capital city: Budapest
counties: Bacs-Kiskun, Baranya, Bekes, Borsod-Abauj-Zemplen, Csongrad-Csanad, Fejer, Gyor-Moson-Sopron, Hajdu-Bihar, Heves, Jasz-Nagykun-Szolnok, Komarom-Esztergom, Nograd, Pest, Somogy, Szabolcs-Szatmar-Bereg, Tolna, Vas, Veszprem, Zala
cities with county rights: Baja, Bekescsaba, Debrecen, Dunaujvaros, Eger, Erd, Esztergom, Gyor, Hodmezovasarhely, Kaposvar, Kecskemet, Miskolc, Nagykanizsa, Nyiregyhaza, Pecs, Salgotarjan, Sopron, Szeged, Szekesfehervar, Szekszard, Szolnok, Szombathely, Tatabanya, Veszprem, Zalaegerszeg
capital city: Budapest
Legal system
civil system influenced by the German model
Constitution
history: previous 1949 (heavily amended in 1989 following the collapse of communism); latest approved 18 April 2011, signed 25 April 2011, effective 1 January 2012
amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic, by the government, by parliamentary committee, or by Parliament members; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of Parliament members and approval by the president
Reference: 2012, 2011, 1989, 1949amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic, by the government, by parliamentary committee, or by Parliament members; passage requires two-thirds majority vote of Parliament members and approval by the president
International law organization participation
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICC jurisdiction
Citizenship
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Hungary
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: 8 years
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Hungary
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: 8 years
Suffrage
18 years of age, 16 if married and marriage is registered in Hungary; universal
Executive branch
chief of state: President Tamas SULYOK (since 5 March 2024)
head of government: Prime Minister Viktor ORBAN (since 29 May 2010)
cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers proposed by the prime minister and appointed by the president
election/appointment process: president indirectly elected by the National Assembly with two-thirds majority vote in first round or simple majority vote in second round for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president
most recent election date: president: 26 February 2024
prime minister: 3 April 2022
election results: 2024: Tamas SULYOK elected president; National Assembly vote - 134 to 5
2022: Katalin NOVAK (Fidesz) elected president; National Assembly vote - 137 to 51
expected date of next election: president: spring 2029
prime minister: April or May 2027
Reference: 2029, 2027, 2024, 2022head of government: Prime Minister Viktor ORBAN (since 29 May 2010)
cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers proposed by the prime minister and appointed by the president
election/appointment process: president indirectly elected by the National Assembly with two-thirds majority vote in first round or simple majority vote in second round for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president
most recent election date: president: 26 February 2024
prime minister: 3 April 2022
election results: 2024: Tamas SULYOK elected president; National Assembly vote - 134 to 5
2022: Katalin NOVAK (Fidesz) elected president; National Assembly vote - 137 to 51
expected date of next election: president: spring 2029
prime minister: April or May 2027
Legislative branch
legislature name: National Assembly (Országgyülés)
legislative structure: unicameral
chamber name: National Assembly (Orszaggyules)
number of seats: 199 (all directly elected)
electoral system: mixed system
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 4 years
most recent election date: 4/3/2022
parties elected and seats per party: Hungarian Civic Union-Christian Democratic People's Party (FIDESZ-KDNP) (135); Democratic Coalition (DK) (15); Movement for a Better Hungary (Jobbik) (10); Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP) (10); Momentum (10); Other (19)
percentage of women in chamber: 15.6%
expected date of next election: April 2026
Reference: 2026, 2022legislative structure: unicameral
chamber name: National Assembly (Orszaggyules)
number of seats: 199 (all directly elected)
electoral system: mixed system
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 4 years
most recent election date: 4/3/2022
parties elected and seats per party: Hungarian Civic Union-Christian Democratic People's Party (FIDESZ-KDNP) (135); Democratic Coalition (DK) (15); Movement for a Better Hungary (Jobbik) (10); Hungarian Socialist Party (MSZP) (10); Momentum (10); Other (19)
percentage of women in chamber: 15.6%
expected date of next election: April 2026
Judicial branch
highest court(s): Curia or Supreme Judicial Court (consists of the president, vice president, department heads, and has a maximum of 113 judges, and is organized into civil, criminal, and administrative-labor departments; Constitutional Court (consists of 15 judges, including the court president and vice president)
judge selection and term of office: Curia president elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president of the republic; other Curia judges appointed by the president on the recommendation of the National Judicial Council, a separate 15-member administrative body; judge tenure based on interim evaluations until normal retirement at age 62; Constitutional Court judges, including the president of the court, elected by the National Assembly; court vice president elected by the court itself; members serve 12-year terms with mandatory retirement at age 62
subordinate courts: 5 regional courts of appeal; 19 regional or county courts (including Budapest Metropolitan Court); 20 administrative-labor courts; 111 district or local courts
judge selection and term of office: Curia president elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president of the republic; other Curia judges appointed by the president on the recommendation of the National Judicial Council, a separate 15-member administrative body; judge tenure based on interim evaluations until normal retirement at age 62; Constitutional Court judges, including the president of the court, elected by the National Assembly; court vice president elected by the court itself; members serve 12-year terms with mandatory retirement at age 62
subordinate courts: 5 regional courts of appeal; 19 regional or county courts (including Budapest Metropolitan Court); 20 administrative-labor courts; 111 district or local courts
Political parties
Christian Democratic People's Party or KDNP
Democratic Coalition or DK
Dialogue for Hungary or Párbeszéd
Fidesz-Hungarian Civic Alliance or Fidesz
Hungarian Socialist Party or MSZP
Jobbik - Conservatives or Jobbik
LMP-Hungary's Green Party or LMP
Mi Hazank (Our Homeland Movement) or MHM
Momentum Movement or Momentum
Movement for a Better Hungary or Jobbik
National Self-Government of Germans in Hungary or MNOÖ
On the People's Side or A Nép Pártján
Our Homeland Movement or Mi Hazánk
TISZA – Respect and Freedom Party or TISZA
Democratic Coalition or DK
Dialogue for Hungary or Párbeszéd
Fidesz-Hungarian Civic Alliance or Fidesz
Hungarian Socialist Party or MSZP
Jobbik - Conservatives or Jobbik
LMP-Hungary's Green Party or LMP
Mi Hazank (Our Homeland Movement) or MHM
Momentum Movement or Momentum
Movement for a Better Hungary or Jobbik
National Self-Government of Germans in Hungary or MNOÖ
On the People's Side or A Nép Pártján
Our Homeland Movement or Mi Hazánk
TISZA – Respect and Freedom Party or TISZA
Diplomatic representation in the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Szabolcs Ferenc TAKÁCS (since 23 December 2020)
chancery: 1500 Rhode Island Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20005
telephone: [1] (202) 362-6730
FAX: [1] (202) 966-8135
email address and website: info.was@mfa.gov.hu
https://washington.mfa.gov.hu/eng
consulate(s) general: Chicago, Los Angeles, New York
consulate(s): Houston, Miami
Reference: 2020chancery: 1500 Rhode Island Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20005
telephone: [1] (202) 362-6730
FAX: [1] (202) 966-8135
email address and website: info.was@mfa.gov.hu
https://washington.mfa.gov.hu/eng
consulate(s) general: Chicago, Los Angeles, New York
consulate(s): Houston, Miami
Diplomatic representation from the US
chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Caroline SAVAGE (since November 2025)
embassy: Szabadsag ter 12, H-1054 Budapest
mailing address: 5270 Budapest Place, US Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-5270
telephone: [36] (1) 475-4400
FAX: [36] (1) 475-4248
email address and website: acs.budapest@state.gov
https://hu.usembassy.gov/
embassy: Szabadsag ter 12, H-1054 Budapest
mailing address: 5270 Budapest Place, US Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-5270
telephone: [36] (1) 475-4400
FAX: [36] (1) 475-4248
email address and website: acs.budapest@state.gov
https://hu.usembassy.gov/
International organization participation
Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, G-9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Independence
16 November 1918 (republic proclaimed); notable earlier dates: 25 December 1000 (crowning of King STEPHEN I, traditional founding date); 30 March 1867 (Austro-Hungarian dual monarchy established)
Reference: 1918National holiday
Saint Stephen's Day, 20 August (1083)
note: note: commemorates the saint's canonization and the transfer of his remains to Buda (now Budapest) in 1083
note: note: commemorates the saint's canonization and the transfer of his remains to Buda (now Budapest) in 1083
Flag
description: three equal horizontal bands of red (top), white, and green
meaning: folklore attributes virtues to the colors: red for strength, white for faithfulness, and green for hope; alternatively, the red can stand for the blood spilled in defense of the land, white for freedom, and green for pasturelands
history: the flag dates to the national movement of the 18th and 19th centuries and fuses the medieval colors of the Hungarian coat of arms with the revolutionary tricolor of the French flag
meaning: folklore attributes virtues to the colors: red for strength, white for faithfulness, and green for hope; alternatively, the red can stand for the blood spilled in defense of the land, white for freedom, and green for pasturelands
history: the flag dates to the national movement of the 18th and 19th centuries and fuses the medieval colors of the Hungarian coat of arms with the revolutionary tricolor of the French flag
National symbol(s)
Holy Crown of Hungary (Crown of Saint Stephen)
National color(s)
red, white, green
National anthem(s)
title: "Himnusz" (Hymn)
lyrics/music: Ferenc KOLCSEY/Ferenc ERKEL
history: adopted 1844
lyrics/music: Ferenc KOLCSEY/Ferenc ERKEL
history: adopted 1844
National heritage
total World Heritage Sites: 8 (7 cultural, 1 natural)
selected World Heritage Site locales: Budapest, including the Banks of the Danube, the Buda Castle Quarter, and Andrássy Avenue (c); Old Village of Hollókő and its Surroundings (c); Caves of Aggtelek Karst and Slovak Karst (n); Millenary Benedictine Abbey of Pannonhalma and its Natural Environment (c); Hortobágy National Park - the Puszta (c); Early Christian Necropolis of Pécs (Sopianae) (c); Fertö / Neusiedlersee Cultural Landscape (c); Tokaj Wine Region Historic Cultural Landscape (c)
selected World Heritage Site locales: Budapest, including the Banks of the Danube, the Buda Castle Quarter, and Andrássy Avenue (c); Old Village of Hollókő and its Surroundings (c); Caves of Aggtelek Karst and Slovak Karst (n); Millenary Benedictine Abbey of Pannonhalma and its Natural Environment (c); Hortobágy National Park - the Puszta (c); Early Christian Necropolis of Pécs (Sopianae) (c); Fertö / Neusiedlersee Cultural Landscape (c); Tokaj Wine Region Historic Cultural Landscape (c)
Government & Official Links
| Institution | Official website | X / Twitter | Verification |
|---|---|---|---|
| Hungary official website | Official website | — | Reported · source Checked September 20, 2026 |
Institutional accounts only; personal accounts of political office-holders are excluded.
Legislature & Elections
Legislature
| Name | Chamber | Seats | Electoral system |
|---|---|---|---|
| National Assembly | — | 199 | — |
Economy
Economic overview
high-income EU and OECD economy; modest recovery from 2024 recession driven by private consumption and moderated inflation; challenges include high fiscal deficits, frozen access to EU funds, and risks from export reliance; implementing tax exemptions, price controls, and mortgage interest caps ahead of 2026 elections
Reference: 2026, 2024Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024: $389.207 billion (2024 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $387.223 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $390.513 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $387.223 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $390.513 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP per capita
Real GDP per capita 2024: $40,700 (2024 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023: $40,400 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $40,700 (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Real GDP per capita 2023: $40,400 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $40,700 (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
agriculture: 2.4% (2024 est.)
industry: 23.9% (2024 est.)
services: 59.7% (2024 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
Reference: 2024industry: 23.9% (2024 est.)
services: 59.7% (2024 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
GDP - composition, by end use
household consumption: 49.1% (2023 est.)
government consumption: 19.9% (2023 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 25.6% (2023 est.)
investment in inventories: 0.3% (2023 est.)
exports of goods and services: 80.8% (2023 est.)
imports of goods and services: -76.3% (2023 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Reference: 2023government consumption: 19.9% (2023 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 25.6% (2023 est.)
investment in inventories: 0.3% (2023 est.)
exports of goods and services: 80.8% (2023 est.)
imports of goods and services: -76.3% (2023 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Agricultural products
maize, wheat, barley, milk, sunflower seeds, sugar beets, rapeseed, apples, pork, grapes (2023)
note: note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Reference: 2023note: note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Industries
mining, metallurgy, construction materials, processed foods, textiles, chemicals (especially pharmaceuticals), motor vehicles
Industrial production growth rate
-2.5% (2024 est.)
note: note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Reference: 2024note: note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Labor force
4.954 million (2024 est.)
note: note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Reference: 2024note: note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
total: 14.1% (2024 est.)
male: 14.8% (2024 est.)
female: 13.1% (2024 est.)
note: note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Reference: 2024male: 14.8% (2024 est.)
female: 13.1% (2024 est.)
note: note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Population below poverty line
12.1% (2021 est.)
note: note: % of population with income below national poverty line
Reference: 2021note: note: % of population with income below national poverty line
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022: 30.2 (2022 est.)
note: note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
Reference: 2022note: note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
Average household expenditures
on food: 16.8% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
on alcohol and tobacco: 7% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023on alcohol and tobacco: 7% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Household income or consumption by percentage share
lowest 10%: 2.8% (2022 est.)
highest 10%: 24.4% (2022 est.)
note: note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
Reference: 2022highest 10%: 24.4% (2022 est.)
note: note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
Remittances
Remittances 2024: 2.3% of GDP (2024 est.)
Remittances 2023: 2.4% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2022: 2.2% of GDP (2022 est.)
note: note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Remittances 2023: 2.4% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2022: 2.2% of GDP (2022 est.)
note: note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Budget
revenues: $69.793 billion (2022 est.)
expenditures: $80.429 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Reference: 2022expenditures: $80.429 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Public debt
Public debt 2022: 75.3% of GDP (2022 est.)
note: note: central government debt as a % of GDP
Reference: 2022note: note: central government debt as a % of GDP
Taxes and other revenues
23.4% (of GDP) (2022 est.)
note: note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
Reference: 2022note: note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
Current account balance
Current account balance 2024: $5.074 billion (2024 est.)
Current account balance 2023: $751.071 million (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: -$14.699 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Current account balance 2023: $751.071 million (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: -$14.699 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
Exports 2024: $166.503 billion (2024 est.)
Exports 2023: $173.034 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $158.98 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Exports 2023: $173.034 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $158.98 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - partners
Germany 25%, Italy 6%, Romania 6%, USA 5%, Slovakia 4% (2023)
note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Exports - commodities
cars, vehicle parts/accessories, electric batteries, packaged medicine, computers (2023)
note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports
Imports 2024: $154.077 billion (2024 est.)
Imports 2023: $163.192 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $167.262 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Imports 2023: $163.192 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $167.262 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - partners
Germany 23%, China 7%, Austria 6%, Poland 6%, S. Korea 6% (2023)
note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Imports - commodities
vehicle parts/accessories, natural gas, integrated circuits, broadcasting equipment, industrial acids/oils/alcohols (2023)
note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024: $46.422 billion (2024 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $45.719 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $41.219 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $45.719 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $41.219 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Exchange rates
Currency: forints (HUF) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2024: 365.691 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 353.088 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 372.596 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 303.141 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020: 307.997 (2020 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Exchange rates 2024: 365.691 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 353.088 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 372.596 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 303.141 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020: 307.997 (2020 est.)
Trade
Current account balance
Current account balance 2024: $5.074 billion (2024 est.)
Current account balance 2023: $751.071 million (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: -$14.699 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Current account balance 2023: $751.071 million (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: -$14.699 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
Exports 2024: $166.503 billion (2024 est.)
Exports 2023: $173.034 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $158.98 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Exports 2023: $173.034 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $158.98 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - partners
Germany 25%, Italy 6%, Romania 6%, USA 5%, Slovakia 4% (2023)
note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Exports - commodities
cars, vehicle parts/accessories, electric batteries, packaged medicine, computers (2023)
note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports
Imports 2024: $154.077 billion (2024 est.)
Imports 2023: $163.192 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $167.262 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Imports 2023: $163.192 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $167.262 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - partners
Germany 23%, China 7%, Austria 6%, Poland 6%, S. Korea 6% (2023)
note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Imports - commodities
vehicle parts/accessories, natural gas, integrated circuits, broadcasting equipment, industrial acids/oils/alcohols (2023)
note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Energy & Resources
Electricity
installed generating capacity: 14.829 million kW (2023 est.)
consumption: 42.739 billion kWh (2023 est.)
exports: 8.863 billion kWh (2023 est.)
imports: 19.963 billion kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 2.454 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023consumption: 42.739 billion kWh (2023 est.)
exports: 8.863 billion kWh (2023 est.)
imports: 19.963 billion kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 2.454 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources
fossil fuels: 28.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
nuclear: 44.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
solar: 19.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
wind: 1.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
hydroelectricity: 0.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
biomass and waste: 4.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023nuclear: 44.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
solar: 19.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
wind: 1.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
hydroelectricity: 0.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
biomass and waste: 4.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Nuclear energy
Number of operational nuclear reactors: 4 (2025)
Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 1.92GW (2025 est.)
Percent of total electricity production: 48.8% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2025, 2023Net capacity of operational nuclear reactors: 1.92GW (2025 est.)
Percent of total electricity production: 48.8% (2023 est.)
Coal
production: 4.293 million metric tons (2023 est.)
consumption: 4.694 million metric tons (2023 est.)
exports: 115,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
imports: 452,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
proven reserves: 2.633 billion metric tons (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023consumption: 4.694 million metric tons (2023 est.)
exports: 115,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
imports: 452,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
proven reserves: 2.633 billion metric tons (2023 est.)
Petroleum
total petroleum production: 36,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
refined petroleum consumption: 179,000 bbl/day (2024 est.)
crude oil estimated reserves: 12.1 million barrels (2021 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2021refined petroleum consumption: 179,000 bbl/day (2024 est.)
crude oil estimated reserves: 12.1 million barrels (2021 est.)
Natural gas
production: 1.612 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
consumption: 8.293 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
imports: 8.216 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
proven reserves: 3.738 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
Reference: 2023, 2021consumption: 8.293 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
imports: 8.216 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
proven reserves: 3.738 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
Energy consumption per capita
Total energy consumption per capita 2023: 96.152 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Infrastructure
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 2.693 million (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 28 (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 28 (2023 est.)
Health
Maternal mortality ratio
12 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 7.4% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 9.9% of national budget (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022, 2021Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 9.9% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
3.46 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
Reference: 2022Hospital bed density
6.8 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Reference: 2021Obesity - adult prevalence rate
26.4% (2016)
Reference: 2016Tobacco use
total: 28.5% (2025 est.)
male: 33.7% (2025 est.)
female: 23.8% (2025 est.)
male: 33.7% (2025 est.)
female: 23.8% (2025 est.)
Education
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 16 years (2023 est.)
male: 15 years (2023 est.)
female: 16 years (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023male: 15 years (2023 est.)
female: 16 years (2023 est.)
Rights, Freedoms & Society
Press & Media Freedom
V-Dem expert-coded/modelled source measures. Knelstrom does not create a press-freedom ranking or composite score.
LGBTQ+ Rights & Law
Concrete legal-status fields only; Knelstrom does not generate an LGBTQ rights score or country ranking.
Source: Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory (CC BY-SA 4.0). Community-edited legal-status summary; retrieved by Knelstrom and not legal advice.
Crime & Justice
Legal system
civil system influenced by the German model
Judicial branch
highest court(s): Curia or Supreme Judicial Court (consists of the president, vice president, department heads, and has a maximum of 113 judges, and is organized into civil, criminal, and administrative-labor departments; Constitutional Court (consists of 15 judges, including the court president and vice president)
judge selection and term of office: Curia president elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president of the republic; other Curia judges appointed by the president on the recommendation of the National Judicial Council, a separate 15-member administrative body; judge tenure based on interim evaluations until normal retirement at age 62; Constitutional Court judges, including the president of the court, elected by the National Assembly; court vice president elected by the court itself; members serve 12-year terms with mandatory retirement at age 62
subordinate courts: 5 regional courts of appeal; 19 regional or county courts (including Budapest Metropolitan Court); 20 administrative-labor courts; 111 district or local courts
judge selection and term of office: Curia president elected by the National Assembly on the recommendation of the president of the republic; other Curia judges appointed by the president on the recommendation of the National Judicial Council, a separate 15-member administrative body; judge tenure based on interim evaluations until normal retirement at age 62; Constitutional Court judges, including the president of the court, elected by the National Assembly; court vice president elected by the court itself; members serve 12-year terms with mandatory retirement at age 62
subordinate courts: 5 regional courts of appeal; 19 regional or county courts (including Budapest Metropolitan Court); 20 administrative-labor courts; 111 district or local courts
Military & Security
Military and security forces
Hungarian Defense Forces (HDF or Magyar Honvédség): the HDF is organized as a joint force under a general staff with commands for land, air, cyber, special operations, territorial defense, and support forces (2025)
note: note: the National Police are under the Ministry of Interior and responsible for maintaining order nationwide; the Ministry of Interior also has the Counterterrorism Center, a special police force responsible for protecting the president and the prime minister and for preventing, uncovering, and detecting terrorist acts
note: note: the National Police are under the Ministry of Interior and responsible for maintaining order nationwide; the Ministry of Interior also has the Counterterrorism Center, a special police force responsible for protecting the president and the prime minister and for preventing, uncovering, and detecting terrorist acts
Military expenditures
Military Expenditures 2025: 2.1% of GDP (2025 est.)
Military Expenditures 2024: 2.1% of GDP (2024 est.)
Military Expenditures 2023: 2.1% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military Expenditures 2022: 1.8% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military Expenditures 2021: 1.7% of GDP (2021 est.)
Reference: 2025, 2024, 2023, 2022Military Expenditures 2024: 2.1% of GDP (2024 est.)
Military Expenditures 2023: 2.1% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military Expenditures 2022: 1.8% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military Expenditures 2021: 1.7% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military and security service personnel strengths
approximately 22,000 active-duty military personnel (2025)
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
the HDF has a mix of Soviet-era and more modern, Western equipment from such countries as Germany, France, Sweden, and the US; in 2017, Budapest launched a modernization program aimed at replacing its Soviet-era weaponry with modern systems; Hungary has also placed emphasis on building up its defense industrial capacity (2024)
Reference: 2024, 2017Military service age and obligation
18-25 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (abolished 2005); 6-month service obligation (2023)
note: note: as of 2021, women comprised over 20% of Hungary's full-time military personnel
Reference: 2023, 2021, 2005note: note: as of 2021, women comprised over 20% of Hungary's full-time military personnel
Military deployments
250 Bosnia-Herzegovina (EUFOR stabilization force); 200 Chad; 470 Kosovo (NATO/KFOR) (2025)
Military - note
the Hungarian Defense Forces (HDF) are responsible for ensuring the defense of the country’s sovereignty, territorial integrity, and citizens, and fulfilling Hungary’s commitments to the EU and NATO, as well as contributing to other international peacekeeping efforts under the UN; key areas of concern for the HDF the HDF is also responsible for some aspects of domestic security, crisis management, disaster response, and assisting law enforcement forces in border security
Hungary has been a member of NATO since 1999 and considers the collective defense ensured within the Alliance as a cornerstone of the country’s security; NATO membership is complemented by Hungary’s ties to the EU under its Common Security and Defense Policy; the HDF has participated in multiple NATO-led security missions, including in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Kosovo, as well as EU-led missions in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Mali; it hosts a NATO battlegroup comprised of troops from Croatia, Hungary, Italy, and the US, and NATO’s Multinational Division Center, a headquarters capable of commanding a division-sized force (typically 15-20,000 troops) in a crisis; both organizations were established as a result of Russian aggression against Ukraine; Hungary is a member of the Visegrad Group, a regional platform that brings together Czechia, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia to discuss cultural, defense, and political cooperation (2025)
Reference: 2025, 1999Hungary has been a member of NATO since 1999 and considers the collective defense ensured within the Alliance as a cornerstone of the country’s security; NATO membership is complemented by Hungary’s ties to the EU under its Common Security and Defense Policy; the HDF has participated in multiple NATO-led security missions, including in Afghanistan, Iraq, and Kosovo, as well as EU-led missions in Bosnia and Herzegovina and Mali; it hosts a NATO battlegroup comprised of troops from Croatia, Hungary, Italy, and the US, and NATO’s Multinational Division Center, a headquarters capable of commanding a division-sized force (typically 15-20,000 troops) in a crisis; both organizations were established as a result of Russian aggression against Ukraine; Hungary is a member of the Visegrad Group, a regional platform that brings together Czechia, Hungary, Poland, and Slovakia to discuss cultural, defense, and political cooperation (2025)
International Relations
International law organization participation
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICC jurisdiction
Diplomatic representation in the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Szabolcs Ferenc TAKÁCS (since 23 December 2020)
chancery: 1500 Rhode Island Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20005
telephone: [1] (202) 362-6730
FAX: [1] (202) 966-8135
email address and website: info.was@mfa.gov.hu
https://washington.mfa.gov.hu/eng
consulate(s) general: Chicago, Los Angeles, New York
consulate(s): Houston, Miami
Reference: 2020chancery: 1500 Rhode Island Avenue, N.W.
Washington, D.C. 20005
telephone: [1] (202) 362-6730
FAX: [1] (202) 966-8135
email address and website: info.was@mfa.gov.hu
https://washington.mfa.gov.hu/eng
consulate(s) general: Chicago, Los Angeles, New York
consulate(s): Houston, Miami
Diplomatic representation from the US
chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Caroline SAVAGE (since November 2025)
embassy: Szabadsag ter 12, H-1054 Budapest
mailing address: 5270 Budapest Place, US Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-5270
telephone: [36] (1) 475-4400
FAX: [36] (1) 475-4248
email address and website: acs.budapest@state.gov
https://hu.usembassy.gov/
embassy: Szabadsag ter 12, H-1054 Budapest
mailing address: 5270 Budapest Place, US Department of State, Washington, DC 20521-5270
telephone: [36] (1) 475-4400
FAX: [36] (1) 475-4248
email address and website: acs.budapest@state.gov
https://hu.usembassy.gov/
International organization participation
Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, G-9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Treaties & Organisations
| Organisation | Status | Joined |
|---|---|---|
| Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) | member | 1973-06-25 |
| European Union (EU) | member | 2004-05-01 |
| NATO (NATO) | member | 1999-03-12 |
| OECD (OECD) | member | 1996-05-07 |
| United Nations (UN) | member | 1955-12-14 |
| World Trade Organization (WTO) | member | 1995-01-01 |
International law organization participation
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICC jurisdiction
International organization participation
Australia Group, BIS, CD, CE, CEI, CERN, EAPC, EBRD, ECB, EIB, ESA (cooperating state), EU, FAO, G-9, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IEA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, NATO, NEA, NSG, OAS (observer), OECD, OIF (observer), OPCW, OSCE, PCA, Schengen Convention, SELEC, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNFICYP, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNIFIL, UNOOSA, UNWTO, UPU, Wassenaar Arrangement, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO, ZC
Conflict & Security
Refugees and internally displaced persons
refugees: 72,359 (2024 est.)
stateless persons: 101 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024stateless persons: 101 (2024 est.)
Terrorist group(s)
Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)
note: note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide
note: note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide
Transportation & Logistics
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
HA
Airports
109 (2025)
Heliports
15 (2025)
Railways
total: 7,687 km (2020) 3,111 km electrified
Reference: 2020Merchant marine
total: 1 (2023)
by type: other 1
Reference: 2023by type: other 1
Environment
Environmental issues
air and soil pollution; water pollution from industry and large-scale agriculture
International environmental agreements
party to: Air Pollution, Air Pollution-Heavy Metals, Air Pollution-Multi-effect Protocol, Air Pollution-Nitrogen Oxides, Air Pollution-Persistent Organic Pollutants, Air Pollution-Sulphur 85, Air Pollution-Sulphur 94, Air Pollution-Volatile Organic Compounds, Antarctic Treaty, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Antarctic-Environmental Protection
Reference: 2006signed, but not ratified: Antarctic-Environmental Protection
Climate
temperate; cold, cloudy, humid winters; warm summers
Land use
agricultural land: 55.7% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 45.4% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 1.6% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 8.6% (2023 est.)
forest: 22.7% (2023 est.)
other: 20.9% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 45.4% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 1.6% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 8.6% (2023 est.)
forest: 22.7% (2023 est.)
other: 20.9% (2023 est.)
Urbanization
urban population: 72.9% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 0.05% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Reference: 2023, 2020rate of urbanization: 0.05% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions
total emissions: 40.161 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke: 3.373 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids: 20.887 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from consumed natural gas: 15.901 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023from coal and metallurgical coke: 3.373 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids: 20.887 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from consumed natural gas: 15.901 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Particulate matter emissions
14.2 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Reference: 2019Waste and recycling
municipal solid waste generated annually: 3.781 million tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 31% (2022 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2022percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 31% (2022 est.)
Total water withdrawal
municipal: 660 million cubic meters (2022)
industrial: 3.758 billion cubic meters (2022)
agricultural: 548.613 million cubic meters (2022)
Reference: 2022industrial: 3.758 billion cubic meters (2022)
agricultural: 548.613 million cubic meters (2022)
Total renewable water resources
104 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022Geoparks
total global geoparks and regional networks: 4 (2024)
global geoparks and regional networks: Bakony-Balaton; Bukk Region; Hungary; Novohrad-Nógrád (includes Slovakia) (2024)
Reference: 2024global geoparks and regional networks: Bakony-Balaton; Bukk Region; Hungary; Novohrad-Nógrád (includes Slovakia) (2024)
Communications & Media
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 2.693 million (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 28 (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 28 (2023 est.)
Broadcast media
mixed system of state-supported media and private broadcasters; the 5 publicly owned TV channels and the 2 main privately owned TV stations are the major national broadcasters; large number of special-interest channels; highly developed market for satellite and cable TV with about two-thirds of viewers utilizing the services; 4 state-supported radio networks; large number of local stations, including commercial, public service, nonprofit, and community radio stations; digital transition completed in 2013 (2019)
Reference: 2019, 2013Internet country code
.hu
Historical Trends
Population
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View Population data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 9,759,755 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | 9,726,756 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | 9,706,964 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | 9,694,824 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | 9,670,419 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | 9,630,932 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | 9,605,074 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | 9,592,186 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 9,562,065 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | 9,514,251 | world_bank_wdi |
GDP (current US$)
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View GDP (current US$) data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | $128,983,560,865 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | $143,335,098,992 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | $161,184,691,014 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | $164,936,682,034 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | $158,468,487,754 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | $183,282,685,440 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | $177,002,580,544 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | $213,029,511,029 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | $222,848,211,034 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | $246,490,213,513 | world_bank_wdi |
International migrant stock (immigrants)
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View International migrant stock (immigrants) data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 584,567 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 689,565 | world_bank_wdi |
International emigrant stock
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View International emigrant stock data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 355,019 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 1995 | 363,574 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2000 | 359,746 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2005 | 357,651 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2010 | 378,410 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2015 | 469,269 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2020 | 508,918 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2024 | 538,794 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
Net migration
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View Net migration data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 68 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | 20,200 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | 34,190 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | 34,339 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | 9,147 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | 20,372 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | 41,871 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | 49,213 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 16,223 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | -16,331 | world_bank_wdi |
Sources & Methodology
Current statistical observations include their reference period and provenance. Reference fields from approved source datasets are attributed below. Missing information is left unknown rather than inferred.
| Indicator | Value | Period | Source | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 9,514,251 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| UN Population Division population estimate | 9,585,818 | 2026 | UN Population Division Data Portal | Estimated |
| Wikidata population (fallback) | 9,603,634 | 2022 | Wikidata | Reported |
| International migrant stock (immigrants) | 689,565 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| International migrant stock | 7.1% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| International emigrant stock | 538,794 | 2024 | UN DESA International Migrant Stock 2024 | Estimated |
| Net migration | -16,331 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Refugees hosted | 7,740 | 2008 | UNHCR Refugee Population Statistics | Verified |
| Asylum seekers hosted | 2,514 | 2008 | UNHCR Refugee Population Statistics | Verified |
| Refugees from this country | 2,055 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Asylum seekers from this country | 899 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Freedom of expression & alternative information index | 0.493 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Government censorship effort — media | 0.043 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Harassment of journalists | 0.738 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Print/broadcast media critical of government | -0.202 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Range of perspectives in major media | -0.353 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Media bias | -0.402 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Media self-censorship | -0.542 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Same-sex sexual activity | Yes Legal since 1962; equal age of consent since 2002; + UN decl. sign. | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Recognition of same-sex relationships | Yes Registered partnerships since 2009 | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Same-sex marriage | No Constitutional ban since 2012 | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Same-sex adoption | No Constitutional ban since 2020 | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Open military service | Yes | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Sexual-orientation anti-discrimination law | Yes Bans all anti-gay discrimination | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Gender identity / expression law | Yes Forbids discrimination based on gender identity No Transgender people are not allowed to change gender since 2020. | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| GDP (current US$) | $246,490,213,513 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| GDP per capita (current US$) | $25,907 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| GDP growth | 0.5% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Inflation, consumer prices | 4.4% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Unemployment | 4.5% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Income level | High income | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Life expectancy at birth | 76.7 years | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Fertility rate | 1.4 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Urban population | 70.7% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Individuals using the Internet | 93.8% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Exports of goods and services | 72.6% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Imports of goods and services | 68.1% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Trade | 140.8% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Adult literacy rate | 98.9% | 1980 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Secondary school enrolment, gross | 107.4% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Government education expenditure | 3.8% | 2022 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Access to electricity | 100.0% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Electric power consumption | 4,812 kWh/person | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Renewable energy consumption | 15.3% | 2021 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Current health expenditure | 6.4% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Infant mortality rate | 3.1 per 1,000 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Forest area | 22.4% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Mobile cellular subscriptions | 104.6 per 100 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Fixed broadband subscriptions | 37.5 per 100 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Secure Internet servers | 55,077 per million | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Latitude | 47.4984° | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Longitude | 19.0408° | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Latitude (Wikidata) | 47.0000° | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Longitude (Wikidata) | 19.0000° | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Form of government | parliamentary republic | current | Wikidata | Reported |
Data attribution
Credits below are generated from sources actually used by this country profile. Source-specific terms take precedence.
- CIA World Factbook, final 2025 country profile (structured via factbook.json). Accessed September 20, 2026. U.S. Government public-domain data; retained as a reference source where a newer approved field is not available. Source · Terms/licence
- Source: Eurostat (dataset/datacode: demo_pjan) Accessed September 19, 2026. Knelstrom presentation/formatting may differ from the source. Source · Terms/licence
- United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, International Migrant Stock 2024; data access/processing via Our World in Data. Accessed September 20, 2026. Underlying UN dataset used under CC BY 3.0 IGO. Source · Terms/licence
- United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, World Population Prospects (WPP indicator 49) Accessed September 19, 2026. Used under CC BY 3.0 IGO; current-year WPP population values are presented as estimates/projections where applicable. Source · Terms/licence
- UNHCR Refugee Population Statistics Database. Accessed September 19, 2026. Used under CC BY 4.0 except where a dataset identifies a different source or licence. Source · Terms/licence
- Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem), Country-Year Dataset v16 (variables: v2mebias, v2mecenefm, v2mecrit, v2meharjrn, v2merange, v2meslfcen, v2x_freexp_altinf) Accessed September 20, 2026. Used under CC BY-SA 4.0; V-Dem measures are expert-coded/modelled and no V-Dem endorsement is implied. Source · Terms/licence
- Wikidata structured data (CC0). Accessed September 20, 2026. Attribution is provided by Knelstrom for provenance although CC0 does not require it. Source · Terms/licence
- Wikipedia, “LGBTQ rights by country or territory” (source revision/data fields: Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Gender identity / expression law, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Open military service, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Recognition of same-sex relationships, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex adoption, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex marriage, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex sexual activity, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Sexual-orientation anti-discrimination law) Accessed September 20, 2026. Used under CC BY-SA 4.0. Knelstrom changes formatting and presents the imported material as a community-edited legal-status summary, not legal advice or a Knelstrom rights score. Source · Terms/licence
- World Bank, World Development Indicators (series: AG.LND.FRST.ZS, country_metadata, EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS, EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS, EG.USE.ELEC.KH.PC, FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG, IT.CEL.SETS.P2, IT.NET.BBND.P2, IT.NET.SECR.P6, IT.NET.USER.ZS, NE.EXP.GNFS.ZS, NE.IMP.GNFS.ZS, NE.TRD.GNFS.ZS, NY.GDP.MKTP.CD, NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG, NY.GDP.PCAP.CD, SE.ADT.LITR.ZS, SE.SEC.ENRR, SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS, SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS, SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS, SM.POP.ASYS.EO, SM.POP.NETM, SM.POP.RHCR.EO, SM.POP.TOTL, SM.POP.TOTL.ZS, SP.DYN.IMRT.IN, SP.DYN.LE00.IN, SP.DYN.TFRT.IN, SP.POP.TOTL, SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS) Accessed September 20, 2026. Data used under CC BY 4.0; Knelstrom presentation/formatting may differ from the source. Source · Terms/licence
Knelstrom does not imply endorsement by any listed data provider.
Last automated statistical refresh: 2026-09-20 02:05:15