Knelstrom Intelligence · World Factbook
Singapore
Republic of Singapore
CapitalSingapore
Population6,111,175
GDP$603.9bn
Area719 km²
RegionEast Asia & Pacific
Data sources current · last checked September 20, 2026 2:11 am
Country facts
Overview
Background
A Malay trading port known as Temasek existed on the island of Singapore by the 14th century. The settlement changed hands several times in the ensuing centuries and was eventually burned in the 17th century, falling into obscurity. In 1819, the British founded modern Singapore as a trading colony on the same site and granted it full internal self-government for all matters except defense and foreign affairs in 1959. Singapore joined the Malaysian Federation in 1963 but was ousted two years later and became independent. Singapore subsequently became one of the world's most prosperous countries, with strong international trading links and per capita GDP among the highest globally. The People’s Action Party has won every general election in Singapore since the end of the British colonial era, aided by its success in delivering consistent economic growth, as well as the city-state's fragmented opposition and electoral procedures that strongly favor the ruling party.
Reference: 1963, 1959Geography
Location
Southeastern Asia, islands between Malaysia and Indonesia
Map references
Southeast Asia
Area
total: 719 sq km
land: 709.2 sq km
water: 10 sq km
land: 709.2 sq km
water: 10 sq km
Area - comparative
slightly more than 3.5 times the size of Washington, D.C.
Land boundaries
total: 0 km
Coastline
193 km
Maritime claims
territorial sea: 3 nm
exclusive fishing zone: within and beyond territorial sea, as defined in treaties and practice
exclusive fishing zone: within and beyond territorial sea, as defined in treaties and practice
Climate
tropical; hot, humid, rainy; two distinct monsoon seasons - northeastern monsoon (December to March) and southwestern monsoon (June to September); inter-monsoon - frequent afternoon and early evening thunderstorms
Terrain
lowlying, gently undulating central plateau
Elevation
highest point: Bukit Timah 166 m
lowest point: Singapore Strait 0 m
lowest point: Singapore Strait 0 m
Natural resources
fish, deepwater ports
Land use
agricultural land: 0.9% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 0.8% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0.1% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)
forest: 21.2% (2022 est.)
other: 77.9% (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 0.8% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0.1% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)
forest: 21.2% (2022 est.)
other: 77.9% (2022 est.)
Irrigated land
0 sq km (2022)
Reference: 2022Population distribution
most of the urbanization is along the southern coast, with relatively dense population clusters found in the central areas
Natural hazards
flash floods
Geography - note
focal point for Southeast Asian sea routes; consists of about 60 islands, the largest of which by far is Pulau Ujong; land reclamation has removed many former islands and created a number of new ones
Population & Society
Nationality
noun: Singaporean(s)
adjective: Singapore
adjective: Singapore
Ethnic groups
Chinese 74.2%, Malay 13.7%, Indian 8.9%, other 3.2% (2021 est.)
note: note: data represent population by self-identification; the population is divided into four categories: Chinese, Malay (includes indigenous Malays and Indonesians), Indian (includes Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, or Sri Lankan), and other ethnic groups (includes Eurasians, Caucasians, Japanese, Filipino, Vietnamese)
Reference: 2021note: note: data represent population by self-identification; the population is divided into four categories: Chinese, Malay (includes indigenous Malays and Indonesians), Indian (includes Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, or Sri Lankan), and other ethnic groups (includes Eurasians, Caucasians, Japanese, Filipino, Vietnamese)
Languages
Languages: English (official) 48.3%, Mandarin (official) 29.9%, other Chinese dialects (includes Hokkien, Cantonese, Teochew, Hakka) 8.7%, Malay (official) 9.2%, Tamil (official) 2.5%, other 1.4% (2020 est.)
major-language sample(s): The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. (English)
世界概況 – 不可缺少的基本消息來源 (Mandarin)
note: note: data represent language most frequently spoken at home
Reference: 2020major-language sample(s): The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information. (English)
世界概況 – 不可缺少的基本消息來源 (Mandarin)
note: note: data represent language most frequently spoken at home
Religions
Buddhist 31.1%, Christian 18.9%, Muslim 15.6%, Taoist 8.8%, Hindu 5%, other 0.6%, none 20% (2020 est.)
Reference: 2020Age structure
0-14 years: 14.6% (male 455,536/female 424,969)
15-64 years: 71.1% (male 2,157,441/female 2,126,799)
65 years and over: 14.3% (2024 est.) (male 400,653/female 463,061)
Reference: 202415-64 years: 71.1% (male 2,157,441/female 2,126,799)
65 years and over: 14.3% (2024 est.) (male 400,653/female 463,061)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio: 40.7 (2024 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 20.6 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 20.2 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio: 5 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024youth dependency ratio: 20.6 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 20.2 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio: 5 (2024 est.)
Median age
total: 39.4 years (2024 est.)
male: 38 years
female: 40.6 years
Reference: 2024male: 38 years
female: 40.6 years
Population growth rate
0.87% (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Birth rate
8.8 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Death rate
4.3 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Population distribution
most of the urbanization is along the southern coast, with relatively dense population clusters found in the central areas
Major urban areas - population
6.081 million SINGAPORE (capital) (2023)
Reference: 2023Sex ratio
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.07 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.87 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Reference: 20240-14 years: 1.07 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.87 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth
30.5 years (2015 est.)
note: note: data represents median age
Reference: 2015note: note: data represents median age
Maternal mortality ratio
6 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Gross reproduction rate
0.57 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Drinking water source
improved: urban: urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022improved: total: total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 5.6% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 18.1% of national budget (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022, 2021Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 18.1% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
2.83 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
Reference: 2022Hospital bed density
2.6 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Reference: 2021Sanitation facility access
improved: urban: urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022improved: total: total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
6.1% (2016)
Reference: 2016Alcohol consumption per capita
total: 1.81 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer: 1.26 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 0.27 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 0.24 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0.04 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Reference: 2019beer: 1.26 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 0.27 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 0.24 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0.04 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Tobacco use
total: 16.2% (2025 est.)
male: 27.6% (2025 est.)
female: 3.8% (2025 est.)
male: 27.6% (2025 est.)
female: 3.8% (2025 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
54.3% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Child marriage
women married by age 15: 0% (2023)
women married by age 18: 0.1% (2023)
Reference: 2023women married by age 18: 0.1% (2023)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 17 years (2022 est.)
male: 17 years (2022 est.)
female: 17 years (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022male: 17 years (2022 est.)
female: 17 years (2022 est.)
Migration & Displacement
Immigrant/emigrant stock measures the number of international migrants resident in, or originating from, the country; it is not the same as annual immigration/emigration flows.
Refugees and internally displaced persons
stateless persons: 1,109 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Government & Politics
| Office | Holder | Affiliation | From | Status | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Head of government | Lawrence Wong | — | 2024-05-15 | Current | Reported |
| Head of state | Tharman Shanmugaratnam | — | 2023-09-14 | Current | Reported |
Country name
conventional long form: Republic of Singapore
conventional short form: Singapore
local long form: Republic of Singapore
local short form: Singapore
etymology: name derives from the Sanskrit words simha (lion) and pur (city); according to Malayan folklore, an Indian prince visited Singapore in the 7th century and mistook the first animal he saw for a lion, which is not native to the country
conventional short form: Singapore
local long form: Republic of Singapore
local short form: Singapore
etymology: name derives from the Sanskrit words simha (lion) and pur (city); according to Malayan folklore, an Indian prince visited Singapore in the 7th century and mistook the first animal he saw for a lion, which is not native to the country
Capital
name: Singapore
geographic coordinates: 1 17 N, 103 51 E
time difference: UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: name derives from the Sanskrit words simha (lion) and pur (city); according to Malayan folklore, an Indian prince visited Singapore in the 7th century and mistook the first animal he saw for a lion, which is not native to the country
geographic coordinates: 1 17 N, 103 51 E
time difference: UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: name derives from the Sanskrit words simha (lion) and pur (city); according to Malayan folklore, an Indian prince visited Singapore in the 7th century and mistook the first animal he saw for a lion, which is not native to the country
Administrative divisions
no first-order administrative divisions; five community development councils: Central Singapore Development Council, North East Development Council, North West Development Council, South East Development Council, South West Development Council (2019)
Reference: 2019Legal system
English common law
Constitution
history: several previous; latest adopted 22 December 1965
amendment process: proposed by Parliament; passage requires two-thirds majority vote in the second and third readings by the elected Parliament membership and assent of the president of the republic; passage of amendments affecting sovereignty or control of the Police Force or the Armed Forces requires at least two-thirds majority vote in a referendum
Reference: 1965amendment process: proposed by Parliament; passage requires two-thirds majority vote in the second and third readings by the elected Parliament membership and assent of the president of the republic; passage of amendments affecting sovereignty or control of the Police Force or the Armed Forces requires at least two-thirds majority vote in a referendum
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
Citizenship
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Singapore
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Singapore
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years
Suffrage
21 years of age; universal and compulsory
Executive branch
chief of state: President THARMAN Shanmugaratnam (since 14 September 2023)
head of government: Prime Minister Lawrence WONG (since 15 May 2024)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister; responsible to Parliament
election/appointment process: president directly elected by simple-majority popular vote for a 6-year term (no term limits); following legislative elections, the president appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister; deputy prime ministers also appointed by the president
most recent election date: 1 September 2023
election results: 2023: THARMAN Shanmugaratnam elected president; percent of vote - THARMAN Shanmugaratnam (independent) 70.4%, NG Kok Song (independent) 15.7%, TAN Kin Lian (independent) 13.9%
2017: HALIMAH Yacob declared president on 13 September 2017, being the only eligible candidate
expected date of next election: 2029
Reference: 2029, 2024, 2023, 2017head of government: Prime Minister Lawrence WONG (since 15 May 2024)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the president on the advice of the prime minister; responsible to Parliament
election/appointment process: president directly elected by simple-majority popular vote for a 6-year term (no term limits); following legislative elections, the president appoints the leader of the majority party or majority coalition as prime minister; deputy prime ministers also appointed by the president
most recent election date: 1 September 2023
election results: 2023: THARMAN Shanmugaratnam elected president; percent of vote - THARMAN Shanmugaratnam (independent) 70.4%, NG Kok Song (independent) 15.7%, TAN Kin Lian (independent) 13.9%
2017: HALIMAH Yacob declared president on 13 September 2017, being the only eligible candidate
expected date of next election: 2029
Legislative branch
legislature name: Parliament
legislative structure: unicameral
number of seats: 108 (97 directly elected; 9 appointed)
electoral system: plurality/majority
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 5 years
most recent election date: 5/3/2025
parties elected and seats per party: People's Action Party (PAP) (87); Workers' Party (WPS) (12)
percentage of women in chamber: 32.3%
expected date of next election: May 2030
Reference: 2030, 2025legislative structure: unicameral
number of seats: 108 (97 directly elected; 9 appointed)
electoral system: plurality/majority
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 5 years
most recent election date: 5/3/2025
parties elected and seats per party: People's Action Party (PAP) (87); Workers' Party (WPS) (12)
percentage of women in chamber: 32.3%
expected date of next election: May 2030
Judicial branch
highest court(s): Supreme Court (number of judges varies but includes judicial commissioners, judges of appeal, and international judges); the court is organized into an upper-tier Appeal Court and a lower-tier High Court
judge selection and term of office: judges appointed by the president from candidates recommended by the prime minister after consultation with the chief justice; judges usually serve until retirement at age 65, but terms can be extended
subordinate courts: district, magistrates', juvenile, family, community, and coroners' courts; small claims tribunals; employment claims tribunals
judge selection and term of office: judges appointed by the president from candidates recommended by the prime minister after consultation with the chief justice; judges usually serve until retirement at age 65, but terms can be extended
subordinate courts: district, magistrates', juvenile, family, community, and coroners' courts; small claims tribunals; employment claims tribunals
Political parties
People's Action Party or PAP
Progress Singapore Party or PSP
Workers' Party or WP
note: note: the PAP has won every general election since the end of the British colonial era in 1959
Reference: 1959Progress Singapore Party or PSP
Workers' Party or WP
note: note: the PAP has won every general election since the end of the British colonial era in 1959
Diplomatic representation in the US
chief of mission: Ambassador LUI Tuck Yew (since 30 June 2023)
chancery: 3501 International Place NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 537-3100
FAX: [1] (202) 537-0876
email address and website: singemb_was@mfa.sg
https://www.mfa.gov.sg/washington/
consulate(s) general: San Francisco
consulate(s): New York
Reference: 2023chancery: 3501 International Place NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 537-3100
FAX: [1] (202) 537-0876
email address and website: singemb_was@mfa.sg
https://www.mfa.gov.sg/washington/
consulate(s) general: San Francisco
consulate(s): New York
Diplomatic representation from the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Anjani K. SINHA (since November 2025)
embassy: 27 Napier Road, Singapore 258508
mailing address: 4280 Singapore Place, Washington DC 20521-4280
telephone: [65] 6476-9100
FAX: [65] 6476-9340
email address and website: singaporeusembassy@state.gov
https://sg.usembassy.gov/
embassy: 27 Napier Road, Singapore 258508
mailing address: 4280 Singapore Place, Washington DC 20521-4280
telephone: [65] 6476-9100
FAX: [65] 6476-9340
email address and website: singaporeusembassy@state.gov
https://sg.usembassy.gov/
International organization participation
ADB, AOSIS, APEC, Arctic Council (observer), ARF, ASEAN, BIS, C, CP, EAS, FAO, FATF, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNOOSA, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Independence
9 August 1965 (from Malaysian Federation)
Reference: 1965National holiday
National Day, 9 August (1965)
Reference: 1965Flag
description: two equal horizontal bands of red (top) and white; a vertical white crescent is on the left side of the red band, with a circle of five five-pointed white stars to the right of the crescent
meaning: red stands for brotherhood and equality, and white for purity and virtue; the waxing crescent moon symbolizes a young nation on the ascendancy; the stars represent the national ideals of democracy, peace, progress, justice, and equality
meaning: red stands for brotherhood and equality, and white for purity and virtue; the waxing crescent moon symbolizes a young nation on the ascendancy; the stars represent the national ideals of democracy, peace, progress, justice, and equality
National symbol(s)
lion, merlion (mythical half-lion, half-fish creature), orchid
National color(s)
red, white
National anthem(s)
title: "Majulah Singapura" (Onward, Singapore)
lyrics/music: Zubir SAID
history: adopted 1959; the anthem is sung only in Malay; first four lines of the melody are used as a presidential salute
Reference: 1959lyrics/music: Zubir SAID
history: adopted 1959; the anthem is sung only in Malay; first four lines of the melody are used as a presidential salute
National heritage
total World Heritage Sites: 1 (cultural)
selected World Heritage Site locales: Singapore Botanic Gardens
selected World Heritage Site locales: Singapore Botanic Gardens
Government & Official Links
| Institution | Official website | X / Twitter | Verification |
|---|---|---|---|
| Singapore official website | Official website | — | Reported · source Checked September 20, 2026 |
Institutional accounts only; personal accounts of political office-holders are excluded.
Legislature & Elections
Legislature
| Name | Chamber | Seats | Electoral system |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parliament of Singapore | — | 99 | — |
Economy
Economic overview
high-income, service-based economy; global financial hub; business-friendly policies and open to investment and trade; inflation easing but persistent in services; public investments in education, healthcare, and infrastructure; strong human capital development challenged by aging population
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024: $800.304 billion (2024 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $766.662 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $752.948 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $766.662 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $752.948 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP per capita
Real GDP per capita 2024: $132,600 (2024 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023: $129,600 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $133,600 (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Real GDP per capita 2023: $129,600 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $133,600 (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
agriculture: 0% (2024 est.)
industry: 21.4% (2024 est.)
services: 73% (2024 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
Reference: 2024industry: 21.4% (2024 est.)
services: 73% (2024 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
GDP - composition, by end use
household consumption: 31.5% (2024 est.)
government consumption: 10.6% (2024 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 21.9% (2024 est.)
investment in inventories: 0.3% (2024 est.)
exports of goods and services: 178.8% (2024 est.)
imports of goods and services: -143.6% (2024 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Reference: 2024government consumption: 10.6% (2024 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 21.9% (2024 est.)
investment in inventories: 0.3% (2024 est.)
exports of goods and services: 178.8% (2024 est.)
imports of goods and services: -143.6% (2024 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Agricultural products
chicken, eggs, vegetables, pork, duck, spinach, lettuce, pork offal, cabbages, pork fat (2023)
note: note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Reference: 2023note: note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Industries
electronics, chemicals, financial services, oil drilling equipment, petroleum refining, biomedical products, scientific instruments, telecommunication equipment, processed food and beverages, ship repair, offshore platform construction, entrepot trade
Industrial production growth rate
4.2% (2024 est.)
note: note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Reference: 2024note: note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Labor force
3.722 million (2024 est.)
note: note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Reference: 2024note: note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
total: 7.8% (2024 est.)
male: 5.6% (2024 est.)
female: 10.8% (2024 est.)
note: note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Reference: 2024male: 5.6% (2024 est.)
female: 10.8% (2024 est.)
note: note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2016: 45.8 (2016)
Reference: 2016Average household expenditures
on food: 7% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
on alcohol and tobacco: 1.7% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023on alcohol and tobacco: 1.7% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Remittances
Remittances 2023: 0% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2022: 0% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2021: 0% of GDP (2021 est.)
note: note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Reference: 2023, 2022, 2021Remittances 2022: 0% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2021: 0% of GDP (2021 est.)
note: note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Budget
revenues: $80.836 billion (2022 est.)
expenditures: $73.144 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Reference: 2022expenditures: $73.144 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Public debt
Public debt 2023: 175.6% of GDP (2023 est.)
note: note: central government debt as a % of GDP
Reference: 2023note: note: central government debt as a % of GDP
Taxes and other revenues
13.9% (of GDP) (2023 est.)
note: note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
Reference: 2023note: note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
Current account balance
Current account balance 2024: $96.015 billion (2024 est.)
Current account balance 2023: $89.403 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: $93.771 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Current account balance 2023: $89.403 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: $93.771 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
Exports 2024: $978.597 billion (2024 est.)
Exports 2023: $917.683 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $947.355 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Exports 2023: $917.683 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $947.355 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - partners
Hong Kong 13%, China 11%, USA 10%, Malaysia 9%, S. Korea 6% (2023)
note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Exports - commodities
integrated circuits, refined petroleum, machinery, vaccines, gold (2023)
note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports
Imports 2024: $786.02 billion (2024 est.)
Imports 2023: $728.5 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $744.364 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Imports 2023: $728.5 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $744.364 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - partners
China 15%, Malaysia 11%, Taiwan 11%, USA 10%, S. Korea 6% (2023)
note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Imports - commodities
integrated circuits, refined petroleum, crude petroleum, gold, gas turbines (2023)
note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024: $383.946 billion (2024 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $359.835 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $296.629 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $359.835 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $296.629 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Exchange rates
Currency: Singapore dollars (SGD) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2024: 1.336 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 1.343 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 1.379 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 1.343 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020: 1.38 (2020 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Exchange rates 2024: 1.336 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 1.343 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 1.379 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 1.343 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020: 1.38 (2020 est.)
Trade
Current account balance
Current account balance 2024: $96.015 billion (2024 est.)
Current account balance 2023: $89.403 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: $93.771 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Current account balance 2023: $89.403 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: $93.771 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
Exports 2024: $978.597 billion (2024 est.)
Exports 2023: $917.683 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $947.355 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Exports 2023: $917.683 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $947.355 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - partners
Hong Kong 13%, China 11%, USA 10%, Malaysia 9%, S. Korea 6% (2023)
note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Exports - commodities
integrated circuits, refined petroleum, machinery, vaccines, gold (2023)
note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports
Imports 2024: $786.02 billion (2024 est.)
Imports 2023: $728.5 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $744.364 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Imports 2023: $728.5 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $744.364 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - partners
China 15%, Malaysia 11%, Taiwan 11%, USA 10%, S. Korea 6% (2023)
note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Imports - commodities
integrated circuits, refined petroleum, crude petroleum, gold, gas turbines (2023)
note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Energy & Resources
Electricity
installed generating capacity: 13.134 million kW (2023 est.)
consumption: 56.672 billion kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 169.447 million kWh (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023consumption: 56.672 billion kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 169.447 million kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources
fossil fuels: 94.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
solar: 2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
biomass and waste: 3.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023solar: 2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
biomass and waste: 3.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Coal
consumption: 1.153 million metric tons (2023 est.)
exports: 97 metric tons (2023 est.)
imports: 1.326 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023exports: 97 metric tons (2023 est.)
imports: 1.326 million metric tons (2023 est.)
Petroleum
refined petroleum consumption: 1.514 million bbl/day (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Natural gas
consumption: 13.134 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
exports: 399.452 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
imports: 13.973 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023exports: 399.452 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
imports: 13.973 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy consumption per capita
Total energy consumption per capita 2023: 643.259 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Infrastructure
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 1.912 million (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 33 (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 33 (2023 est.)
Health
Maternal mortality ratio
6 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 5.6% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 18.1% of national budget (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022, 2021Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 18.1% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
2.83 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
Reference: 2022Hospital bed density
2.6 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Reference: 2021Obesity - adult prevalence rate
6.1% (2016)
Reference: 2016Tobacco use
total: 16.2% (2025 est.)
male: 27.6% (2025 est.)
female: 3.8% (2025 est.)
male: 27.6% (2025 est.)
female: 3.8% (2025 est.)
Education
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 17 years (2022 est.)
male: 17 years (2022 est.)
female: 17 years (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022male: 17 years (2022 est.)
female: 17 years (2022 est.)
Rights, Freedoms & Society
Press & Media Freedom
V-Dem expert-coded/modelled source measures. Knelstrom does not create a press-freedom ranking or composite score.
LGBTQ+ Rights & Law
Concrete legal-status fields only; Knelstrom does not generate an LGBTQ rights score or country ranking.
Source: Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory (CC BY-SA 4.0). Community-edited legal-status summary; retrieved by Knelstrom and not legal advice.
Crime & Justice
Legal system
English common law
Judicial branch
highest court(s): Supreme Court (number of judges varies but includes judicial commissioners, judges of appeal, and international judges); the court is organized into an upper-tier Appeal Court and a lower-tier High Court
judge selection and term of office: judges appointed by the president from candidates recommended by the prime minister after consultation with the chief justice; judges usually serve until retirement at age 65, but terms can be extended
subordinate courts: district, magistrates', juvenile, family, community, and coroners' courts; small claims tribunals; employment claims tribunals
judge selection and term of office: judges appointed by the president from candidates recommended by the prime minister after consultation with the chief justice; judges usually serve until retirement at age 65, but terms can be extended
subordinate courts: district, magistrates', juvenile, family, community, and coroners' courts; small claims tribunals; employment claims tribunals
Military & Security
Military and security forces
Singapore Armed Forces (SAF; aka Singapore Defense Force): Singapore Army, Republic of Singapore Navy, Republic of Singapore Air Force (includes air defense), Digital and Intelligence Service
Ministry of Home Affairs: Singapore Police Force (SPF; includes Police Coast Guard and the Gurkha Contingent) (2025)
note: note 1: the Gurkha Contingent of the Singapore Police Force (GCSPF) is a paramilitary unit for riot control and acts as a rapid reaction force
note 2: the Navy includes the multi-agency standing Maritime Security Task Force (MSTF), which assists the Police Coast Guard in conducting maritime security operations
Ministry of Home Affairs: Singapore Police Force (SPF; includes Police Coast Guard and the Gurkha Contingent) (2025)
note: note 1: the Gurkha Contingent of the Singapore Police Force (GCSPF) is a paramilitary unit for riot control and acts as a rapid reaction force
note 2: the Navy includes the multi-agency standing Maritime Security Task Force (MSTF), which assists the Police Coast Guard in conducting maritime security operations
Military expenditures
Military Expenditures 2024: 3% of GDP (2024 est.)
Military Expenditures 2023: 3% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military Expenditures 2022: 3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military Expenditures 2021: 3% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military Expenditures 2020: 3% of GDP (2020 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Military Expenditures 2023: 3% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military Expenditures 2022: 3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military Expenditures 2021: 3% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military Expenditures 2020: 3% of GDP (2020 est.)
Military and security service personnel strengths
information varies; approximately 55,000 active-duty Armed Forces (40,000 Army; 7,000 Navy; 8,000 Air Force) (2025)
note: note: the Army is comprised mostly of conscripts and reservists with a small core of professional soldiers, while the Air Force and Navy are staffed mainly by professional personnel
note: note: the Army is comprised mostly of conscripts and reservists with a small core of professional soldiers, while the Air Force and Navy are staffed mainly by professional personnel
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
the SAF has a diverse and largely modern mix of domestically produced and imported Western weapons systems; in recent years, France, Germany, and the US have been among the top suppliers of arms; Singapore has the most developed arms industry in Southeast Asia and is also its largest importer of weapons (2024)
Reference: 2024Military service age and obligation
18-21 years of age for compulsory military service for men; 16.5 years of age for voluntary enlistment (with parental consent); 24-month conscript service obligation, with a reserve obligation to age 40 (enlisted) or age 50 (officers); women are not conscripted, but they are allowed to volunteer for all services and branches, including combat arms (2025)
note: note 1: all male Singaporean citizens and permanent residents, unless exempted, are required to enter National Service (NS) upon attaining the age of 18; most NS conscripts serve in the Armed Forces, but some go into the Police Force or Civil Defense Force; conscripts comprise over half of the defense establishment
note 2: as of 2022, women made up about 8% of the regular force
note 3: the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) also has a uniformed volunteer auxiliary branch known as the Volunteer Corps (SAFVC); the SAFVC allows citizens and residents not subject to the National Service obligation, including Singaporean women, first generation permanent residents, and naturalized citizens, to contribute towards Singapore's defense; the volunteers must be 18-45 and physically fit
note 4: members of the Gurkha Contingent (GC) of the Singapore Police Force are mostly recruited from a small number of hill tribes in Nepal; the GC was formed in 1949 originally from selected ex-British Army Gurkhas
Reference: 2025, 2022, 1949note: note 1: all male Singaporean citizens and permanent residents, unless exempted, are required to enter National Service (NS) upon attaining the age of 18; most NS conscripts serve in the Armed Forces, but some go into the Police Force or Civil Defense Force; conscripts comprise over half of the defense establishment
note 2: as of 2022, women made up about 8% of the regular force
note 3: the Singapore Armed Forces (SAF) also has a uniformed volunteer auxiliary branch known as the Volunteer Corps (SAFVC); the SAFVC allows citizens and residents not subject to the National Service obligation, including Singaporean women, first generation permanent residents, and naturalized citizens, to contribute towards Singapore's defense; the volunteers must be 18-45 and physically fit
note 4: members of the Gurkha Contingent (GC) of the Singapore Police Force are mostly recruited from a small number of hill tribes in Nepal; the GC was formed in 1949 originally from selected ex-British Army Gurkhas
Military deployments
maintains permanent training detachments of military personnel in Australia, France, and the US (2025)
Military - note
the SAF’s primary responsibility is external defense, particularly maritime security, but it also trains for certain domestic security operations, including joint deterrence patrols with police in instances of heightened terrorism alerts; the Army includes a “people’s defense force,” which is a divisional headquarters responsible for homeland security and counterterrorism; the SAF regularly participates in bilateral and multilateral training exercises
Singapore is a member of the Five Powers Defense Arrangements (FPDA), a series of mutual assistance agreements reached in 1971 embracing Australia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, and the UK; the FPDA commits the members to consult with one another in the event or threat of an armed attack on any of the members and to mutually decide what measures should be taken, jointly or separately; there is no specific obligation to intervene militarily; Singapore also has close security ties with the US, including granting the US military access, basing, and overflight privileges
the SAF's roots go back to 1854 when the Singapore Volunteer Rifle Corps was formed under colonial rule; the first battalion of regular soldiers, the First Singapore Infantry Regiment, was organized in 1957; the modern SAF was established in 1965 (2025)
Reference: 2025, 1971, 1965, 1957Singapore is a member of the Five Powers Defense Arrangements (FPDA), a series of mutual assistance agreements reached in 1971 embracing Australia, Malaysia, New Zealand, Singapore, and the UK; the FPDA commits the members to consult with one another in the event or threat of an armed attack on any of the members and to mutually decide what measures should be taken, jointly or separately; there is no specific obligation to intervene militarily; Singapore also has close security ties with the US, including granting the US military access, basing, and overflight privileges
the SAF's roots go back to 1854 when the Singapore Volunteer Rifle Corps was formed under colonial rule; the first battalion of regular soldiers, the First Singapore Infantry Regiment, was organized in 1957; the modern SAF was established in 1965 (2025)
International Relations
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
Diplomatic representation in the US
chief of mission: Ambassador LUI Tuck Yew (since 30 June 2023)
chancery: 3501 International Place NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 537-3100
FAX: [1] (202) 537-0876
email address and website: singemb_was@mfa.sg
https://www.mfa.gov.sg/washington/
consulate(s) general: San Francisco
consulate(s): New York
Reference: 2023chancery: 3501 International Place NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 537-3100
FAX: [1] (202) 537-0876
email address and website: singemb_was@mfa.sg
https://www.mfa.gov.sg/washington/
consulate(s) general: San Francisco
consulate(s): New York
Diplomatic representation from the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Anjani K. SINHA (since November 2025)
embassy: 27 Napier Road, Singapore 258508
mailing address: 4280 Singapore Place, Washington DC 20521-4280
telephone: [65] 6476-9100
FAX: [65] 6476-9340
email address and website: singaporeusembassy@state.gov
https://sg.usembassy.gov/
embassy: 27 Napier Road, Singapore 258508
mailing address: 4280 Singapore Place, Washington DC 20521-4280
telephone: [65] 6476-9100
FAX: [65] 6476-9340
email address and website: singaporeusembassy@state.gov
https://sg.usembassy.gov/
International organization participation
ADB, AOSIS, APEC, Arctic Council (observer), ARF, ASEAN, BIS, C, CP, EAS, FAO, FATF, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNOOSA, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Treaties & Organisations
| Organisation | Status | Joined |
|---|---|---|
| ASEAN (ASEAN) | member | 1967-08-08 |
| Commonwealth of Nations (Commonwealth) | member | 1965-00-00 |
| United Nations (UN) | member | 1965-09-21 |
| World Trade Organization (WTO) | member | — |
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
International organization participation
ADB, AOSIS, APEC, Arctic Council (observer), ARF, ASEAN, BIS, C, CP, EAS, FAO, FATF, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (national committees), ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFC, IFRCS, IHO, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OPCW, Pacific Alliance (observer), PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNOOSA, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Conflict & Security
Refugees and internally displaced persons
stateless persons: 1,109 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Transportation & Logistics
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
9V
Airports
9 (2025)
Heliports
1 (2025)
Merchant marine
total: 3,202 (2023)
by type: bulk carrier 591, container ship 604, general cargo 107, oil tanker 600, other 1,300
Reference: 2023by type: bulk carrier 591, container ship 604, general cargo 107, oil tanker 600, other 1,300
Ports
total ports: 5 (2024)
large: 2
medium: 1
small: 1
very small: 1
ports with oil terminals: 3
key ports: Jurong Island, Keppel - (East Singapore), Pulau Bukom, Pulau Sebarok
Reference: 2024large: 2
medium: 1
small: 1
very small: 1
ports with oil terminals: 3
key ports: Jurong Island, Keppel - (East Singapore), Pulau Bukom, Pulau Sebarok
Environment
Environmental issues
water pollution; industrial pollution; limited freshwater resources; waste disposal problems from limited land availability; air pollution; deforestation; seasonal smoke/haze from forest fires in Indonesia
International environmental agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Climate
tropical; hot, humid, rainy; two distinct monsoon seasons - northeastern monsoon (December to March) and southwestern monsoon (June to September); inter-monsoon - frequent afternoon and early evening thunderstorms
Land use
agricultural land: 0.9% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 0.8% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0.1% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)
forest: 21.2% (2022 est.)
other: 77.9% (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 0.8% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0.1% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 0% (2022 est.)
forest: 21.2% (2022 est.)
other: 77.9% (2022 est.)
Urbanization
urban population: 100% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 0.74% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Reference: 2023, 2020rate of urbanization: 0.74% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions
total emissions: 238.962 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke: 2.338 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids: 210.859 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from consumed natural gas: 25.765 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023from coal and metallurgical coke: 2.338 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids: 210.859 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from consumed natural gas: 25.765 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Particulate matter emissions
10 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Reference: 2019Waste and recycling
municipal solid waste generated annually: 1.87 million tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 51.7% (2022 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2022percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 51.7% (2022 est.)
Total water withdrawal
municipal: 198.207 million cubic meters (2022)
industrial: 162.624 million cubic meters (2022)
agricultural: 0 cubic meters (2022)
Reference: 2022industrial: 162.624 million cubic meters (2022)
agricultural: 0 cubic meters (2022)
Total renewable water resources
600 million cubic meters (2022)
Reference: 2022Communications & Media
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 1.912 million (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 33 (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 33 (2023 est.)
Broadcast media
state-controlled broadcast media; 6 domestic TV stations operated by state-owned MediaCorp; broadcasts from Malaysian and Indonesian stations available; satellite dishes banned; multi-channel cable TV services available; 19 domestic radio stations, including 11 for MediaCorp, 5 for state-linked Singapore Press Holdings, 2 for Singapore Armed Forces Reservists Association, and 1 for BBC Radio; Malaysian and Indonesian radio stations available (2019)
Reference: 2019Internet country code
.sg
Historical Trends
Population
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View Population data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 5,607,283 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | 5,612,253 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | 5,638,676 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | 5,703,569 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | 5,685,807 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | 5,453,566 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | 5,637,022 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | 5,917,648 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 6,036,860 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | 6,111,175 | world_bank_wdi |
GDP (current US$)
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View GDP (current US$) data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | $320,759,207,439 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | $344,795,119,214 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | $377,976,367,877 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | $376,827,390,962 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | $351,226,533,656 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | $441,110,903,525 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | $514,252,535,239 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | $511,181,761,244 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | $572,877,260,178 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | $603,869,516,999 | world_bank_wdi |
International migrant stock (immigrants)
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View International migrant stock (immigrants) data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 2,589,107 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 2,841,665 | world_bank_wdi |
International emigrant stock
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View International emigrant stock data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 156,619 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 1995 | 170,806 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2000 | 186,401 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2005 | 206,277 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2010 | 231,411 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2015 | 254,347 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2020 | 264,487 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2024 | 269,613 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
Net migration
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View Net migration data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 13,737 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | -8,880 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | 21,820 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | 870 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | -145,556 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | -44,030 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | 214,842 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | 26,996 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 20,011 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | 16,892 | world_bank_wdi |
Sources & Methodology
Current statistical observations include their reference period and provenance. Reference fields from approved source datasets are attributed below. Missing information is left unknown rather than inferred.
| Indicator | Value | Period | Source | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 6,111,175 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| UN Population Division population estimate | 5,905,748 | 2026 | UN Population Division Data Portal | Estimated |
| Wikidata population (fallback) | 5,866,139 | 2021 | Wikidata | Reported |
| International migrant stock (immigrants) | 2,841,665 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| International migrant stock | 48.7% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| International emigrant stock | 269,613 | 2024 | UN DESA International Migrant Stock 2024 | Estimated |
| Net migration | 16,892 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Refugees from this country | 43 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Asylum seekers from this country | 212 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Freedom of expression & alternative information index | 0.400 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Government censorship effort — media | -0.183 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Harassment of journalists | -1.131 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Print/broadcast media critical of government | -1.203 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Range of perspectives in major media | -0.649 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Media bias | 1.251 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Media self-censorship | -1.255 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Same-sex sexual activity | Yes Yes Legal since 2007 (de facto), 2022 (de jure) | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Same-sex marriage | No No | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Same-sex adoption | Ambiguous Ambiguous, a gay Singaporean man with a male partner in 2018 won an appeal in court to adopt a child that he fathered through a surrogate. | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Open military service | Yes Yes | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Sexual-orientation anti-discrimination law | Yes Yes Protections against anti-gay discrimination, harassment and violence | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Gender identity / expression law | Yes Yes Transgender people allowed to change legal gender, but only after sex reassignment surgery | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| GDP (current US$) | $603,869,516,999 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| GDP per capita (current US$) | $98,814 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| GDP growth | 5.0% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Inflation, consumer prices | 0.9% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Unemployment | 2.8% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Income level | High income | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Life expectancy at birth | 83.3 years | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Fertility rate | 1.0 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Urban population | 100.0% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Individuals using the Internet | 94.4% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Exports of goods and services | 177.9% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Imports of goods and services | 142.5% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Trade | 320.3% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Adult literacy rate | 97.7% | 2021 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Secondary school enrolment, gross | 103.1% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Government education expenditure | 2.2% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Access to electricity | 100.0% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Electric power consumption | 9,750 kWh/person | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Renewable energy consumption | 1.1% | 2021 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Current health expenditure | 4.5% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Infant mortality rate | 2.2 per 1,000 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Forest area | 20.9% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Mobile cellular subscriptions | 170.8 per 100 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Fixed broadband subscriptions | 27.8 per 100 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Secure Internet servers | 209,665 per million | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Latitude | 1.2894° | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Longitude | 103.8500° | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Latitude (Wikidata) | 1.3000° | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Longitude (Wikidata) | 103.8000° | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Time zone | UTC+08:00, Singapore Standard Time, Asia/Singapore | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Form of government | parliamentary republic | current | Wikidata | Reported |
Data attribution
Credits below are generated from sources actually used by this country profile. Source-specific terms take precedence.
- CIA World Factbook, final 2025 country profile (structured via factbook.json). Accessed September 20, 2026. U.S. Government public-domain data; retained as a reference source where a newer approved field is not available. Source · Terms/licence
- United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, International Migrant Stock 2024; data access/processing via Our World in Data. Accessed September 20, 2026. Underlying UN dataset used under CC BY 3.0 IGO. Source · Terms/licence
- United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, World Population Prospects (WPP indicator 49) Accessed September 19, 2026. Used under CC BY 3.0 IGO; current-year WPP population values are presented as estimates/projections where applicable. Source · Terms/licence
- Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem), Country-Year Dataset v16 (variables: v2mebias, v2mecenefm, v2mecrit, v2meharjrn, v2merange, v2meslfcen, v2x_freexp_altinf) Accessed September 20, 2026. Used under CC BY-SA 4.0; V-Dem measures are expert-coded/modelled and no V-Dem endorsement is implied. Source · Terms/licence
- Wikidata structured data (CC0). Accessed September 20, 2026. Attribution is provided by Knelstrom for provenance although CC0 does not require it. Source · Terms/licence
- Wikipedia, “LGBTQ rights by country or territory” (source revision/data fields: Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Gender identity / expression law, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Open military service, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex adoption, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex marriage, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex sexual activity, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Sexual-orientation anti-discrimination law) Accessed September 20, 2026. Used under CC BY-SA 4.0. Knelstrom changes formatting and presents the imported material as a community-edited legal-status summary, not legal advice or a Knelstrom rights score. Source · Terms/licence
- World Bank, World Development Indicators (series: AG.LND.FRST.ZS, country_metadata, EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS, EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS, EG.USE.ELEC.KH.PC, FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG, IT.CEL.SETS.P2, IT.NET.BBND.P2, IT.NET.SECR.P6, IT.NET.USER.ZS, NE.EXP.GNFS.ZS, NE.IMP.GNFS.ZS, NE.TRD.GNFS.ZS, NY.GDP.MKTP.CD, NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG, NY.GDP.PCAP.CD, SE.ADT.LITR.ZS, SE.SEC.ENRR, SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS, SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS, SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS, SM.POP.ASYS.EO, SM.POP.NETM, SM.POP.RHCR.EO, SM.POP.TOTL, SM.POP.TOTL.ZS, SP.DYN.IMRT.IN, SP.DYN.LE00.IN, SP.DYN.TFRT.IN, SP.POP.TOTL, SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS) Accessed September 20, 2026. Data used under CC BY 4.0; Knelstrom presentation/formatting may differ from the source. Source · Terms/licence
Knelstrom does not imply endorsement by any listed data provider.
Last automated statistical refresh: 2026-09-20 02:10:32