Knelstrom Intelligence · World Factbook
Kyrgyzstan
Кыргызстан
CapitalBishkek
Population7,343,064
GDP$22.6bn
Area199,951 km²
RegionEurope & Central Asia
Data sources current · last checked September 20, 2026 2:10 am
Country facts
Overview
Background
Kyrgyzstan is a Central Asian country of incredible natural beauty and proud nomadic traditions. The Russian Empire annexed most of the territory of present-day Kyrgyzstan in 1876. The Kyrgyz staged a major revolt against the Tsarist Empire in 1916, during which almost one-sixth of the Kyrgyz population was killed. Kyrgyzstan became a Soviet republic in 1926 and achieved independence in 1991 when the USSR dissolved. Nationwide demonstrations in 2005 and 2010 resulted in the ouster of the country’s first two presidents, Askar AKAEV and Kurmanbek BAKIEV. Almazbek ATAMBAEV was sworn in as president in 2011. In 2017, ATAMBAEV became the first Kyrgyzstani president to serve a full term and respect constitutional term limits, voluntarily stepping down at the end of his mandate. Former prime minister and ruling Social-Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan member Sooronbay JEENBEKOV replaced him after winning the 2017 presidential election, which was the most competitive in the country’s history despite reported cases of vote buying and abuse of public resources.
In 2020, protests against parliamentary election results spread across Kyrgyzstan, leading to JEENBEKOV’s resignation and catapulting previously imprisoned Sadyr JAPAROV to acting president. In 2021, Kyrgyzstanis formally elected JAPAROV as president and approved a referendum to move Kyrgyzstan from a parliamentary to a presidential system. In 2021, Kyrgyzstanis voted in favor of constitutional changes that consolidated power in the presidency. Pro-government parties won a majority in the 2021 legislative elections. Continuing concerns for Kyrgyzstan include the trajectory of democratization, endemic corruption, tense regional relations, vulnerabilities due to climate change, border security vulnerabilities, and potential terrorist threats.
Reference: 2021, 2020, 2017, 2011In 2020, protests against parliamentary election results spread across Kyrgyzstan, leading to JEENBEKOV’s resignation and catapulting previously imprisoned Sadyr JAPAROV to acting president. In 2021, Kyrgyzstanis formally elected JAPAROV as president and approved a referendum to move Kyrgyzstan from a parliamentary to a presidential system. In 2021, Kyrgyzstanis voted in favor of constitutional changes that consolidated power in the presidency. Pro-government parties won a majority in the 2021 legislative elections. Continuing concerns for Kyrgyzstan include the trajectory of democratization, endemic corruption, tense regional relations, vulnerabilities due to climate change, border security vulnerabilities, and potential terrorist threats.
Geography
Location
Central Asia, west of China, south of Kazakhstan
Map references
Asia
Area
total: 199,951 sq km
land: 191,801 sq km
water: 8,150 sq km
land: 191,801 sq km
water: 8,150 sq km
Area - comparative
slightly smaller than South Dakota
Land boundaries
total: 4,573 km
border countries: China 1,063 km; Kazakhstan 1,212 km; Tajikistan 984 km; Uzbekistan 1,314 km
border countries: China 1,063 km; Kazakhstan 1,212 km; Tajikistan 984 km; Uzbekistan 1,314 km
Coastline
0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims
none (landlocked)
Climate
dry continental to polar in high Tien Shan Mountains; subtropical in southwest (Fergana Valley); temperate in northern foothill zone
Terrain
peaks of the Tien Shan mountain range and associated valleys and basins encompass the entire country
Elevation
highest point: Jengish Chokusu (Pik Pobedy) 7,439 m
lowest point: Kara-Daryya (Karadar'ya) 132 m
mean elevation: 2,988 m
lowest point: Kara-Daryya (Karadar'ya) 132 m
mean elevation: 2,988 m
Natural resources
abundant hydropower; gold, rare earth metals; locally exploitable coal, oil, and natural gas; other deposits of nepheline, mercury, bismuth, lead, and zinc
Land use
agricultural land: 54% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 6.7% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0.4% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 46.9% (2023 est.)
forest: 6.5% (2023 est.)
other: 39.4% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 6.7% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0.4% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 46.9% (2023 est.)
forest: 6.5% (2023 est.)
other: 39.4% (2023 est.)
Irrigated land
10,041 sq km (2022)
Reference: 2022Major lakes (area sq km)
salt water lake(s): Ozero Issyk-Kul 6,240 sq km
note - second largest saline lake after the Caspian Sea; second highest mountain lake after Lake Titicaca; it is an endorheic mountain basin; although surrounded by snow capped mountains it never freezes
note - second largest saline lake after the Caspian Sea; second highest mountain lake after Lake Titicaca; it is an endorheic mountain basin; although surrounded by snow capped mountains it never freezes
Major rivers (by length in km)
Syr Darya river source (shared with Tajikistan, Uzbekistan, and Kazakhstan [m]) - 3,078 km
note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
Major watersheds (area sq km)
Internal (endorheic basin) drainage: Tarim Basin (1,152,448 sq km), (Aral Sea basin) Amu Darya (534,739 sq km), Syr Darya (782,617 sq km)
Population distribution
the vast majority of Kyrgyzstanis live in rural areas; densest population settlement is to the north in and around the capital, Bishkek, followed by Osh in the west; the least densely populated area is the east, in the Tien Shan mountains
Natural hazards
major flooding during snow melt; prone to earthquakes
Geography - note
landlocked; entirely mountainous, dominated by the Tien Shan range; 94% of the country is 1,000 m above sea level with an average elevation of 2,750 m; many tall peaks, glaciers, and high-altitude lakes
Population & Society
Nationality
noun: Kyrgyzstani(s)
adjective: Kyrgyzstani
adjective: Kyrgyzstani
Ethnic groups
Kyrgyz 73.8%, Uzbek 14.8%, Russian 5.1%, Dungan 1.1%, other 5.2% (includes Uyghur, Tajik, Turk, Kazakh, Tatar, Ukrainian, Korean, German) (2021 est.)
Reference: 2021Languages
Languages: Kyrgyz (state language) 71.4%, Uzbek 14.4%, Russian (official language) 9%, other 5.2% (2009 est.)
major-language sample(s): Дүйнөлүк фактылар китеби, негизги маалыматтын маанилүү булагы. (Kyrgyz)
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Reference: 2009major-language sample(s): Дүйнөлүк фактылар китеби, негизги маалыматтын маанилүү булагы. (Kyrgyz)
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Religions
Muslim 90% (majority Sunni), Christian 7% (Russian Orthodox 3%), other 3% (includes Jewish, Buddhist, Baha'i) (2017 est.)
Reference: 2017Age structure
0-14 years: 29.1% (male 922,086/female 873,245)
15-64 years: 64% (male 1,935,200/female 2,013,733)
65 years and over: 6.9% (2024 est.) (male 164,032/female 263,805)
Reference: 202415-64 years: 64% (male 1,935,200/female 2,013,733)
65 years and over: 6.9% (2024 est.) (male 164,032/female 263,805)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio: 56.3 (2024 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 45.5 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 10.8 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio: 9.2 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024youth dependency ratio: 45.5 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 10.8 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio: 9.2 (2024 est.)
Median age
total: 28.3 years (2024 est.)
male: 26.9 years
female: 29.8 years
Reference: 2024male: 26.9 years
female: 29.8 years
Population growth rate
0.79% (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Birth rate
18.7 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Death rate
6 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Population distribution
the vast majority of Kyrgyzstanis live in rural areas; densest population settlement is to the north in and around the capital, Bishkek, followed by Osh in the west; the least densely populated area is the east, in the Tien Shan mountains
Major urban areas - population
1.105 million BISHKEK (capital) (2023)
Reference: 2023Sex ratio
at birth: 1.07 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.62 male(s)/female
total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Reference: 20240-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.62 male(s)/female
total population: 0.96 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth
22.6 years (2019 est.)
Reference: 2019Maternal mortality ratio
42 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Gross reproduction rate
1.19 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Drinking water source
improved: urban: urban: 99.2% of population (2022 est.)
improved: rural: rural: 85.8% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 90.8% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 0.8% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 14.2% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 9.2% of population (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022improved: rural: rural: 85.8% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 90.8% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 0.8% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 14.2% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 9.2% of population (2022 est.)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 5.4% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 7.6% of national budget (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022, 2021Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 7.6% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
1.85 physicians/1,000 population (2023)
Reference: 2023Hospital bed density
4.2 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Reference: 2021Sanitation facility access
improved: urban: urban: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: rural: rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022improved: rural: rural: 100% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 100% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 0% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 0% of population (2022 est.)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
16.6% (2016)
Reference: 2016Alcohol consumption per capita
total: 4.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer: 0.43 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 0.23 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 3.35 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Reference: 2019beer: 0.43 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 0.23 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 3.35 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Tobacco use
total: 26% (2025 est.)
male: 50.7% (2025 est.)
female: 3.1% (2025 est.)
male: 50.7% (2025 est.)
female: 3.1% (2025 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight
2.9% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Currently married women (ages 15-49)
66.2% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Child marriage
women married by age 15: 0.3% (2018)
women married by age 18: 12.9% (2018)
Reference: 2018women married by age 18: 12.9% (2018)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 13 years (2024 est.)
male: 12 years (2024 est.)
female: 13 years (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024male: 12 years (2024 est.)
female: 13 years (2024 est.)
Migration & Displacement
Immigrant/emigrant stock measures the number of international migrants resident in, or originating from, the country; it is not the same as annual immigration/emigration flows.
Refugees and internally displaced persons
refugees: 25,413 (2024 est.)
IDPs: 12 (2024 est.)
stateless persons: 925 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024IDPs: 12 (2024 est.)
stateless persons: 925 (2024 est.)
Government & Politics
| Office | Holder | Affiliation | From | Status | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Head of government | Adylbek Kasymaliev | — | 2024-12-16 | Current | Reported |
| Head of state | Sadyr Japarov | — | 2021-01-28 | Current | Reported |
Country name
conventional long form: Kyrgyz Republic
conventional short form: Kyrgyzstan
local long form: Kyrgyz Respublikasy
local short form: Kyrgyzstan
etymology: named for the local Kyrgyz people, with "-stan" coming from the Persian word ostan, meaning "country;" the Kyrgyz name may derive from the Turkic root words kir, or "steppe," and gismek, "to wander;" the name is traditionally said to come from a combination of the Turkic words kyrg (forty) and -is (hundred), based on a tale about two tribes and the number of their tents
conventional short form: Kyrgyzstan
local long form: Kyrgyz Respublikasy
local short form: Kyrgyzstan
etymology: named for the local Kyrgyz people, with "-stan" coming from the Persian word ostan, meaning "country;" the Kyrgyz name may derive from the Turkic root words kir, or "steppe," and gismek, "to wander;" the name is traditionally said to come from a combination of the Turkic words kyrg (forty) and -is (hundred), based on a tale about two tribes and the number of their tents
Capital
name: Bishkek
geographic coordinates: 42 52 N, 74 36 E
time difference: UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: the meaning of the name is unknown; the city was founded in 1862 as a Russian settlement on the site of an Uzbek fortress named Bishkek; the Russian version of the name was Pishpek, and the original name only came back into use in 1991
Reference: 1991geographic coordinates: 42 52 N, 74 36 E
time difference: UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: the meaning of the name is unknown; the city was founded in 1862 as a Russian settlement on the site of an Uzbek fortress named Bishkek; the Russian version of the name was Pishpek, and the original name only came back into use in 1991
Administrative divisions
7 provinces (oblustar, singular - oblus) and 2 cities* (shaarlar, singular - shaar); Batken Oblusu, Bishkek Shaary*, Chuy Oblusu (Bishkek), Jalal-Abad Oblusu, Naryn Oblusu, Osh Oblusu, Osh Shaary*, Talas Oblusu, Ysyk-Kol Oblusu (Karakol)
note: note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers; exceptions show the administrative center name in parentheses
note: note: administrative divisions have the same names as their administrative centers; exceptions show the administrative center name in parentheses
Legal system
civil law system that includes features of French civil law and Russian Federation laws
Constitution
history: previous 1993, 2007, 2010; latest approved by referendum in 2021
amendment process: proposed as a draft law by the majority of the Supreme Council membership or by petition of 300,000 voters; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Council membership in each of at least three readings of the draft two months apart; the draft may be submitted to a referendum if approved by two thirds of the Council membership; adoption requires the signature of the president
Reference: 2021, 2010, 2007, 1993amendment process: proposed as a draft law by the majority of the Supreme Council membership or by petition of 300,000 voters; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote of the Council membership in each of at least three readings of the draft two months apart; the draft may be submitted to a referendum if approved by two thirds of the Council membership; adoption requires the signature of the president
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
Citizenship
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Kyrgyzstan
dual citizenship recognized: yes, but only if a mutual treaty on dual citizenship is in force
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Kyrgyzstan
dual citizenship recognized: yes, but only if a mutual treaty on dual citizenship is in force
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch
chief of state: President Sadyr JAPAROV (since 28 January 2021)
head of government: President Adylbek KASYMALIYEV (since 18 December 2024)
cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president
election/appointment process: president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a five-year term (eligible for a second term)
most recent election date: 10 January 2021
election results: 2021: Sadyr JAPAROV elected president in first round; percent of vote - Sadyr JAPAROV (Mekenchil) 79.2%, Adakhan MADUMAROV (United Kyrgyzstan) 6.8%, other 14%
2017: Sooronbay JEENBEKOV elected president; Sooronbay JEENBEKOV (Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan) 54.7%, Omurbek BABANOV (independent) 33.8%, Adakhan MADUMAROV (United Kyrgyzstan) 6.6%, other 4.9%
expected date of next election: 2027
note: note: the president is both chief of state and head of government
Reference: 2027, 2024, 2021, 2017head of government: President Adylbek KASYMALIYEV (since 18 December 2024)
cabinet: Cabinet of Ministers appointed by the president
election/appointment process: president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a five-year term (eligible for a second term)
most recent election date: 10 January 2021
election results: 2021: Sadyr JAPAROV elected president in first round; percent of vote - Sadyr JAPAROV (Mekenchil) 79.2%, Adakhan MADUMAROV (United Kyrgyzstan) 6.8%, other 14%
2017: Sooronbay JEENBEKOV elected president; Sooronbay JEENBEKOV (Social Democratic Party of Kyrgyzstan) 54.7%, Omurbek BABANOV (independent) 33.8%, Adakhan MADUMAROV (United Kyrgyzstan) 6.6%, other 4.9%
expected date of next election: 2027
note: note: the president is both chief of state and head of government
Legislative branch
legislature name: Supreme Council (Jogorku Kenesh)
legislative structure: unicameral
number of seats: 90 (all directly elected)
electoral system: other systems
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 5 years
most recent election date: 11/30/2025
parties elected and seats per party: Ata-Jurt Kyrgyzstan (Fatherland) (15); Ishenim (Trust) (12); Yntymak (Harmony) (9); Alyans (Alliance) (7); Butun Kyrgyzstan (United) (6); Yiman Nuru (Ray of Faith) (5); Independents (34)
percentage of women in chamber: 22.2%
expected date of next election: November 2030
Reference: 2030, 2025legislative structure: unicameral
number of seats: 90 (all directly elected)
electoral system: other systems
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 5 years
most recent election date: 11/30/2025
parties elected and seats per party: Ata-Jurt Kyrgyzstan (Fatherland) (15); Ishenim (Trust) (12); Yntymak (Harmony) (9); Alyans (Alliance) (7); Butun Kyrgyzstan (United) (6); Yiman Nuru (Ray of Faith) (5); Independents (34)
percentage of women in chamber: 22.2%
expected date of next election: November 2030
Judicial branch
highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of 25 judges); Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court (consists of the chairperson, deputy chairperson, and 9 judges)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court and Constitutional Court judges appointed by the Supreme Council on the recommendation of the president; Supreme Court judges serve for 10 years, Constitutional Court judges serve for 15 years; mandatory retirement at age 70 for judges of both courts
subordinate courts: Higher Court of Arbitration; oblast (provincial) and city courts
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court and Constitutional Court judges appointed by the Supreme Council on the recommendation of the president; Supreme Court judges serve for 10 years, Constitutional Court judges serve for 15 years; mandatory retirement at age 70 for judges of both courts
subordinate courts: Higher Court of Arbitration; oblast (provincial) and city courts
Political parties
Afghan's Party
Alliance
Cohesion
Fatherland Kyrgyzstan
Ishenim
Light of Faith
Mekenchil
Social Democrats or SDK
United Kyrgyzstan
Alliance
Cohesion
Fatherland Kyrgyzstan
Ishenim
Light of Faith
Mekenchil
Social Democrats or SDK
United Kyrgyzstan
Diplomatic representation in the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Aibek MOLDOGAZIEV (since 25 February 2025)
chancery: 2360 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 449-9822
FAX: [1] (202) 449-8275
email address and website: kgembassy.usa@mfa.gov.kg
Embassy of the Kyrgyz Republic in the USA and Canada (mfa.gov.kg)
chancery: 2360 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 449-9822
FAX: [1] (202) 449-8275
email address and website: kgembassy.usa@mfa.gov.kg
Embassy of the Kyrgyz Republic in the USA and Canada (mfa.gov.kg)
Diplomatic representation from the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Lesslie VIGUERIE (since 29 December 2022)
embassy: 171 Prospect Mira, Bishkek 720016
mailing address: 7040 Bishkek Place, Washington DC 20521-7040
telephone: [996] (312) 597-000
FAX: [996] (312) 597-744
email address and website: ConsularBishkek@state.gov
https://kg.usembassy.gov/
Reference: 2022embassy: 171 Prospect Mira, Bishkek 720016
mailing address: 7040 Bishkek Place, Washington DC 20521-7040
telephone: [996] (312) 597-000
FAX: [996] (312) 597-744
email address and website: ConsularBishkek@state.gov
https://kg.usembassy.gov/
International organization participation
ADB, CICA, CIS, CSTO, EAEU, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EITI (compliant country), FAO, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SCO, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Independence
31 August 1991 (from the Soviet Union)
Reference: 1991National holiday
Independence Day, 31 August (1991)
Reference: 1991Flag
description: red field with a yellow sun in the center that has 40 rays that run counterclockwise on the front of the flag and clockwise on the reverse; in the center of the sun is a red ring crossed by two sets of three lines in a stylized representation of a tunduk, the circular opening at the top of a traditional Kyrgyz yurt
meaning: the sun's rays represent the Kyrgyz tribes; red stands for bravery and valor, and the sun for peace and wealth
meaning: the sun's rays represent the Kyrgyz tribes; red stands for bravery and valor, and the sun for peace and wealth
National symbol(s)
white falcon
National color(s)
red, yellow
National coat of arms
adopted in 1992, the coat of arms of Kyrgyzstan highlights two of its best-known geographic features, Issyk-Kul Lake and the Tien Shan mountain range; the falcon, the national symbol, stands for nobleness and purity, and light blue for courage and generosity; the word “Kyrgyz” appears at the top of the emblem, and “Republic” at the bottom; the wheat, cotton, and rising sun were symbols used during the Soviet era
Reference: 1992National anthem(s)
title: "Kyrgyz Respublikasynyn Mamlekettik Gimni" (National Anthem of the Kyrgyz Republic)
lyrics/music: Djamil SADYKOV and Eshmambet KULUEV/Nasyr DAVLESOV and Kalyi MOLDOBASANOV
history: adopted 1992
Reference: 1992lyrics/music: Djamil SADYKOV and Eshmambet KULUEV/Nasyr DAVLESOV and Kalyi MOLDOBASANOV
history: adopted 1992
National heritage
total World Heritage Sites: 3 (2 cultural, 1 natural)
selected World Heritage Site locales: Sulaiman-Too Sacred Mountain (c); Silk Roads: the Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor (c); Western Tien Shan (n)
selected World Heritage Site locales: Sulaiman-Too Sacred Mountain (c); Silk Roads: the Chang'an-Tianshan Corridor (c); Western Tien Shan (n)
Government & Official Links
| Institution | Official website | X / Twitter | Verification |
|---|---|---|---|
| Kyrgyzstan official website | Official website | — | Reported · source Checked September 20, 2026 |
Institutional accounts only; personal accounts of political office-holders are excluded.
Legislature & Elections
Legislature
| Name | Chamber | Seats | Electoral system |
|---|---|---|---|
| Supreme Council | — | 120 | — |
Economy
Economic overview
landlocked, lower-middle-income Central Asian economy; natural resource rich; growing hydroelectricity and tourism; high remittances; corruption limits investment; COVID-19 and political turmoil hurt GDP, limited public revenues, and increased spending
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024: $50.907 billion (2024 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $46.686 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $42.826 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $46.686 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $42.826 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP per capita
Real GDP per capita 2024: $7,000 (2024 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023: $6,600 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $6,100 (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Real GDP per capita 2023: $6,600 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $6,100 (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
agriculture: 8.6% (2024 est.)
industry: 24.7% (2024 est.)
services: 52.1% (2024 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
Reference: 2024industry: 24.7% (2024 est.)
services: 52.1% (2024 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
GDP - composition, by end use
household consumption: 88.3% (2023 est.)
government consumption: 16% (2023 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 22% (2023 est.)
investment in inventories: 12.5% (2023 est.)
exports of goods and services: 36.9% (2023 est.)
imports of goods and services: -95.5% (2023 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Reference: 2023government consumption: 16% (2023 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 22% (2023 est.)
investment in inventories: 12.5% (2023 est.)
exports of goods and services: 36.9% (2023 est.)
imports of goods and services: -95.5% (2023 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Agricultural products
milk, potatoes, maize, sugar beets, wheat, barley, tomatoes, onions, watermelons, carrots/turnips (2023)
note: note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Reference: 2023note: note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Industries
small machinery, textiles, food processing, cement, shoes, lumber, refrigerators, furniture, electric motors, gold, rare earth metals
Industrial production growth rate
9.4% (2024 est.)
note: note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Reference: 2024note: note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Labor force
3.197 million (2024 est.)
note: note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Reference: 2024note: note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
total: 6.8% (2024 est.)
male: 6.3% (2024 est.)
female: 7.7% (2024 est.)
note: note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Reference: 2024male: 6.3% (2024 est.)
female: 7.7% (2024 est.)
note: note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Population below poverty line
33.3% (2021 est.)
note: note: % of population with income below national poverty line
Reference: 2021note: note: % of population with income below national poverty line
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022: 26.4 (2022 est.)
note: note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
Reference: 2022note: note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
Household income or consumption by percentage share
lowest 10%: 4.4% (2022 est.)
highest 10%: 22% (2022 est.)
note: note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
Reference: 2022highest 10%: 22% (2022 est.)
note: note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
Remittances
Remittances 2023: 18.8% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2022: 26.6% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2021: 32.6% of GDP (2021 est.)
note: note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Reference: 2023, 2022, 2021Remittances 2022: 26.6% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2021: 32.6% of GDP (2021 est.)
note: note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Budget
revenues: $4.84 billion (2023 est.)
expenditures: $4.452 billion (2023 est.)
note: note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Reference: 2023expenditures: $4.452 billion (2023 est.)
note: note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Public debt
Public debt 2023: 40.5% of GDP (2023 est.)
note: note: central government debt as a % of GDP
Reference: 2023note: note: central government debt as a % of GDP
Taxes and other revenues
19.6% (of GDP) (2023 est.)
note: note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
Reference: 2023note: note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
Current account balance
Current account balance 2022: -$5.18 billion (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2021: -$737.696 million (2021 est.)
Current account balance 2020: $374.257 million (2020 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Reference: 2022, 2021, 2020Current account balance 2021: -$737.696 million (2021 est.)
Current account balance 2020: $374.257 million (2020 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
Exports 2022: $3.628 billion (2022 est.)
Exports 2021: $3.292 billion (2021 est.)
Exports 2020: $2.435 billion (2020 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2022, 2021, 2020Exports 2021: $3.292 billion (2021 est.)
Exports 2020: $2.435 billion (2020 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - partners
Switzerland 30%, Russia 19%, Kazakhstan 14%, UAE 10%, Turkey 8% (2023)
note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Exports - commodities
gold, coal, precious metal ore, refined petroleum, garments (2023)
note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports
Imports 2022: $10.655 billion (2022 est.)
Imports 2021: $5.928 billion (2021 est.)
Imports 2020: $4.051 billion (2020 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2022, 2021, 2020Imports 2021: $5.928 billion (2021 est.)
Imports 2020: $4.051 billion (2020 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - partners
China 44%, Russia 12%, Kazakhstan 6%, Turkey 6%, Uzbekistan 4% (2023)
note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Imports - commodities
cars, garments, refined petroleum, fabric, footwear (2023)
note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024: $5.089 billion (2024 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $3.237 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $2.799 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $3.237 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $2.799 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Debt - external
Debt - external 2023: $3.617 billion (2023 est.)
note: note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
Exchange rates
Currency: soms (KGS) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2024: 87.15 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 87.856 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 84.116 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 84.641 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020: 77.346 (2020 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Exchange rates 2024: 87.15 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 87.856 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 84.116 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 84.641 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020: 77.346 (2020 est.)
Trade
Current account balance
Current account balance 2022: -$5.18 billion (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2021: -$737.696 million (2021 est.)
Current account balance 2020: $374.257 million (2020 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Reference: 2022, 2021, 2020Current account balance 2021: -$737.696 million (2021 est.)
Current account balance 2020: $374.257 million (2020 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
Exports 2022: $3.628 billion (2022 est.)
Exports 2021: $3.292 billion (2021 est.)
Exports 2020: $2.435 billion (2020 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2022, 2021, 2020Exports 2021: $3.292 billion (2021 est.)
Exports 2020: $2.435 billion (2020 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - partners
Switzerland 30%, Russia 19%, Kazakhstan 14%, UAE 10%, Turkey 8% (2023)
note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Exports - commodities
gold, coal, precious metal ore, refined petroleum, garments (2023)
note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports
Imports 2022: $10.655 billion (2022 est.)
Imports 2021: $5.928 billion (2021 est.)
Imports 2020: $4.051 billion (2020 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2022, 2021, 2020Imports 2021: $5.928 billion (2021 est.)
Imports 2020: $4.051 billion (2020 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - partners
China 44%, Russia 12%, Kazakhstan 6%, Turkey 6%, Uzbekistan 4% (2023)
note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Imports - commodities
cars, garments, refined petroleum, fabric, footwear (2023)
note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Energy & Resources
Electricity
installed generating capacity: 3.944 million kW (2023 est.)
consumption: 14.872 billion kWh (2023 est.)
exports: 428.01 million kWh (2023 est.)
imports: 3.929 billion kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 2.363 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023consumption: 14.872 billion kWh (2023 est.)
exports: 428.01 million kWh (2023 est.)
imports: 3.929 billion kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 2.363 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources
fossil fuels: 14.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
hydroelectricity: 85.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023hydroelectricity: 85.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Coal
production: 3.685 million metric tons (2023 est.)
consumption: 4.212 million metric tons (2023 est.)
exports: 1.672 million metric tons (2023 est.)
imports: 1.443 million metric tons (2023 est.)
proven reserves: 28.499 billion metric tons (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023consumption: 4.212 million metric tons (2023 est.)
exports: 1.672 million metric tons (2023 est.)
imports: 1.443 million metric tons (2023 est.)
proven reserves: 28.499 billion metric tons (2023 est.)
Petroleum
total petroleum production: 6,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
refined petroleum consumption: 31,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
crude oil estimated reserves: 40 million barrels (2021 est.)
Reference: 2023, 2021refined petroleum consumption: 31,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
crude oil estimated reserves: 40 million barrels (2021 est.)
Natural gas
production: 28.638 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
consumption: 435.336 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
imports: 406.698 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
proven reserves: 5.663 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
Reference: 2023, 2021consumption: 435.336 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
imports: 406.698 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
proven reserves: 5.663 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
Energy consumption per capita
Total energy consumption per capita 2023: 27.58 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Infrastructure
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 185,000 (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 3 (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 3 (2023 est.)
Health
Maternal mortality ratio
42 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 5.4% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 7.6% of national budget (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022, 2021Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 7.6% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
1.85 physicians/1,000 population (2023)
Reference: 2023Hospital bed density
4.2 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Reference: 2021Obesity - adult prevalence rate
16.6% (2016)
Reference: 2016Tobacco use
total: 26% (2025 est.)
male: 50.7% (2025 est.)
female: 3.1% (2025 est.)
male: 50.7% (2025 est.)
female: 3.1% (2025 est.)
Education
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 13 years (2024 est.)
male: 12 years (2024 est.)
female: 13 years (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024male: 12 years (2024 est.)
female: 13 years (2024 est.)
Rights, Freedoms & Society
Press & Media Freedom
V-Dem expert-coded/modelled source measures. Knelstrom does not create a press-freedom ranking or composite score.
LGBTQ+ Rights & Law
Concrete legal-status fields only; Knelstrom does not generate an LGBTQ rights score or country ranking.
Source: Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory (CC BY-SA 4.0). Community-edited legal-status summary; retrieved by Knelstrom and not legal advice.
Crime & Justice
Legal system
civil law system that includes features of French civil law and Russian Federation laws
Judicial branch
highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of 25 judges); Constitutional Chamber of the Supreme Court (consists of the chairperson, deputy chairperson, and 9 judges)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court and Constitutional Court judges appointed by the Supreme Council on the recommendation of the president; Supreme Court judges serve for 10 years, Constitutional Court judges serve for 15 years; mandatory retirement at age 70 for judges of both courts
subordinate courts: Higher Court of Arbitration; oblast (provincial) and city courts
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court and Constitutional Court judges appointed by the Supreme Council on the recommendation of the president; Supreme Court judges serve for 10 years, Constitutional Court judges serve for 15 years; mandatory retirement at age 70 for judges of both courts
subordinate courts: Higher Court of Arbitration; oblast (provincial) and city courts
Military & Security
Military and security forces
Armed Forces of the Kyrgyz Republic: Land Forces (Kygyz Army), Air Defense Forces (Kyrgyz Air Force), National Guard of the Armed Forces of the Kyrgyz Republic
Ministry of Internal Affairs: Internal Security Service
State Committee for National Security: Border Guard Service (2025)
note: note: the National Guard’s missions include counterterrorism, responding to emergencies, and the protection of government facilities
Ministry of Internal Affairs: Internal Security Service
State Committee for National Security: Border Guard Service (2025)
note: note: the National Guard’s missions include counterterrorism, responding to emergencies, and the protection of government facilities
Military expenditures
Military Expenditures 2024: 3% of GDP (2024 est.)
Military Expenditures 2023: 3.5% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military Expenditures 2022: 3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military Expenditures 2021: 2.8% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military Expenditures 2020: 3% of GDP (2020 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Military Expenditures 2023: 3.5% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military Expenditures 2022: 3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military Expenditures 2021: 2.8% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military Expenditures 2020: 3% of GDP (2020 est.)
Military and security service personnel strengths
limited available information; estimated 10-15,000 active Armed Forces, including the National Guard (2025)
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
the Kyrgyz military inventory is comprised almost entirely of Russian and Soviet-era weapons and equipment; in recent years, the military has acquired small amounts of material from other suppliers such as Turkey, which provided unmanned aerial vehicles/drones (2024)
Reference: 2024Military service age and obligation
18-27 years of age for compulsory or voluntary service for men in the Armed Forces or Interior Ministry; 12-month service obligation (9 months for university graduates), with optional fee-based 3-year service in the call-up mobilization reserve; women may volunteer at age 19; 16-17 years of age for military cadets, who cannot take part in military operations (2023)
Reference: 2023Military - note
the Kyrgyz military’s primary responsibility is defense of the country’s sovereignty and territory, although it also has some internal security duties; the military also participates in UN and Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) peacekeeping missions, as well as bilateral and multinational exercises; particular issues of concern include border security and terrorism; the military’s closest security partner is Russia, which provides training and material assistance, and maintains a presence in the country, including an airbase; the military also conducts training with other regional countries such as India, traditionally with a focus on counterterrorism
Kyrgyzstan has been a member of CSTO since 1994 and contributes troops to CSTO's rapid reaction force; it also started a relationship with NATO in 1992 and joined NATO's Partnership for Peace program in 1994 (2025)
Reference: 2025, 1994, 1992Kyrgyzstan has been a member of CSTO since 1994 and contributes troops to CSTO's rapid reaction force; it also started a relationship with NATO in 1992 and joined NATO's Partnership for Peace program in 1994 (2025)
International Relations
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
Diplomatic representation in the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Aibek MOLDOGAZIEV (since 25 February 2025)
chancery: 2360 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 449-9822
FAX: [1] (202) 449-8275
email address and website: kgembassy.usa@mfa.gov.kg
Embassy of the Kyrgyz Republic in the USA and Canada (mfa.gov.kg)
chancery: 2360 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 449-9822
FAX: [1] (202) 449-8275
email address and website: kgembassy.usa@mfa.gov.kg
Embassy of the Kyrgyz Republic in the USA and Canada (mfa.gov.kg)
Diplomatic representation from the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Lesslie VIGUERIE (since 29 December 2022)
embassy: 171 Prospect Mira, Bishkek 720016
mailing address: 7040 Bishkek Place, Washington DC 20521-7040
telephone: [996] (312) 597-000
FAX: [996] (312) 597-744
email address and website: ConsularBishkek@state.gov
https://kg.usembassy.gov/
Reference: 2022embassy: 171 Prospect Mira, Bishkek 720016
mailing address: 7040 Bishkek Place, Washington DC 20521-7040
telephone: [996] (312) 597-000
FAX: [996] (312) 597-744
email address and website: ConsularBishkek@state.gov
https://kg.usembassy.gov/
International organization participation
ADB, CICA, CIS, CSTO, EAEU, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EITI (compliant country), FAO, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SCO, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Treaties & Organisations
| Organisation | Status | Joined |
|---|---|---|
| Collective Security Treaty Organization (CSTO) | member | 1992-01-30 |
| Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) | member | 1994-00-00 |
| United Nations (UN) | member | 1992-03-02 |
| World Trade Organization (WTO) | member | — |
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
International organization participation
ADB, CICA, CIS, CSTO, EAEU, EAPC, EBRD, ECO, EITI (compliant country), FAO, GCTU, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM (observer), OIC, OPCW, OSCE, PCA, PFP, SCO, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Conflict & Security
Refugees and internally displaced persons
refugees: 25,413 (2024 est.)
IDPs: 12 (2024 est.)
stateless persons: 925 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024IDPs: 12 (2024 est.)
stateless persons: 925 (2024 est.)
Trafficking in persons
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List — the government did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts to eliminate trafficking compared with the previous reporting period, therefore Kyrgyzstan remained on Tier 2 Watch List for the second consecutive year; for more details, go to: https://www.state.gov/reports/2025-trafficking-in-persons-report/kyrgyz-republic/
Terrorist group(s)
US-designated foreign terrorist groups such as the Islamic Jihad Union, the Islamic Movement of Uzbekistan, and the Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham-Khorasan Province have operated in the area where the Uzbek, Kyrgyz, and Tajik borders converge and ill-defined and porous borders allow for the relatively free movement of people and illicit goods
Transportation & Logistics
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
EX
Airports
28 (2025)
Heliports
1 (2025)
Railways
total: 424 km (2022)
broad gauge: 424 km (2018) 1.520-m gauge
Reference: 2022, 2018broad gauge: 424 km (2018) 1.520-m gauge
Environment
Environmental issues
water pollution; increasing soil salinity from irrigation practices; air pollution due to vehicle traffic
International environmental agreements
party to: Air Pollution, Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Climate
dry continental to polar in high Tien Shan Mountains; subtropical in southwest (Fergana Valley); temperate in northern foothill zone
Land use
agricultural land: 54% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 6.7% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0.4% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 46.9% (2023 est.)
forest: 6.5% (2023 est.)
other: 39.4% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 6.7% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0.4% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 46.9% (2023 est.)
forest: 6.5% (2023 est.)
other: 39.4% (2023 est.)
Urbanization
urban population: 37.8% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 2.05% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Reference: 2023, 2020rate of urbanization: 2.05% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions
total emissions: 11.389 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke: 6.301 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids: 4.234 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from consumed natural gas: 854,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023from coal and metallurgical coke: 6.301 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids: 4.234 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from consumed natural gas: 854,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Particulate matter emissions
40.9 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Reference: 2019Waste and recycling
municipal solid waste generated annually: 1.113 million tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 14.6% (2022 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2022percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 14.6% (2022 est.)
Total water withdrawal
municipal: 224 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
industrial: 336 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
agricultural: 7.1 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022industrial: 336 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
agricultural: 7.1 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Total renewable water resources
23.618 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022Communications & Media
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 185,000 (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 3 (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 3 (2023 est.)
Broadcast media
state-funded public TV broadcaster NTRK operates Ala-Too 24 news channel and 4 other educational, cultural, and sports channels; ELTR is a state-owned TV station; the switchover to digital TV in 2017 resulted in private TV station growth; approximately 20 TV stations are struggling to increase Kyrgyz-language content to 60% of airtime, as required by law, instead of rebroadcasting programs from Russian channels or airing unlicensed movies and music; several Russian TV stations also broadcast; state-funded radio stations and about 10 significant private radio stations (2023)
Reference: 2023, 2017Internet country code
.kg
Historical Trends
Population
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View Population data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 6,175,338 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | 6,306,696 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | 6,444,079 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | 6,590,211 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | 6,726,596 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | 6,851,224 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | 6,975,220 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | 7,099,750 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 7,221,868 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | 7,343,064 | world_bank_wdi |
GDP (current US$)
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View GDP (current US$) data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | $6,813,095,379 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | $7,702,938,379 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | $8,271,106,235 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | $9,371,275,264 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | $8,270,468,614 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | $9,249,133,946 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | $12,134,931,018 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | $15,180,842,369 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | $18,161,630,699 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | $22,623,752,095 | world_bank_wdi |
International migrant stock (immigrants)
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View International migrant stock (immigrants) data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 199,011 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 194,816 | world_bank_wdi |
International emigrant stock
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View International emigrant stock data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 606,963 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 1995 | 600,786 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2000 | 590,619 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2005 | 663,215 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2010 | 713,989 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2015 | 641,517 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2020 | 584,710 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2024 | 540,573 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
Net migration
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View Net migration data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 1,187 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | 7,553 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | 3,494 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | 47,303 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | 54,704 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | 46,208 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | 12,596 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | 5,601 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 3,645 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | 1,815 | world_bank_wdi |
Sources & Methodology
Current statistical observations include their reference period and provenance. Reference fields from approved source datasets are attributed below. Missing information is left unknown rather than inferred.
| Indicator | Value | Period | Source | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 7,343,064 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| UN Population Division population estimate | 7,400,465 | 2026 | UN Population Division Data Portal | Estimated |
| Wikidata population (fallback) | 7,281,800 | 2025 | Wikidata | Reported |
| International migrant stock (immigrants) | 194,816 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| International migrant stock | 2.7% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| International emigrant stock | 540,573 | 2024 | UN DESA International Migrant Stock 2024 | Estimated |
| Net migration | 1,815 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Refugees hosted | 4,940 | 2012 | UNHCR Refugee Population Statistics | Verified |
| Asylum seekers hosted | 348 | 2012 | UNHCR Refugee Population Statistics | Verified |
| Refugees from this country | 3,337 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Asylum seekers from this country | 8,072 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Freedom of expression & alternative information index | 0.469 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Government censorship effort — media | -0.388 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Harassment of journalists | -0.573 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Print/broadcast media critical of government | -0.348 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Range of perspectives in major media | 0.253 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Media bias | 0.264 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Media self-censorship | 0.238 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Same-sex sexual activity | Yes Yes Legal since 1998 | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Recognition of same-sex relationships | No No | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Same-sex marriage | No No Constitutional ban since 2016 | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Same-sex adoption | No No | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Open military service | Ambiguous Ambiguous | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Sexual-orientation anti-discrimination law | No No | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Gender identity / expression law | Yes Yes Requires sex reassignment surgery | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| GDP (current US$) | $22,623,752,095 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| GDP per capita (current US$) | $3,081 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| GDP growth | 11.1% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Inflation, consumer prices | 8.2% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Unemployment | 3.5% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Income level | Lower middle income | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Life expectancy at birth | 72.4 years | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Fertility rate | 2.6 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Urban population | 34.7% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Individuals using the Internet | 92.0% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Exports of goods and services | 26.8% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Imports of goods and services | 65.6% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Trade | 92.4% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Adult literacy rate | 99.2% | 2009 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Secondary school enrolment, gross | 91.7% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Government education expenditure | 6.8% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Access to electricity | 100.0% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Electric power consumption | 2,069 kWh/person | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Renewable energy consumption | 27.6% | 2021 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Current health expenditure | 4.5% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Infant mortality rate | 14.8 per 1,000 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Forest area | 7.1% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Mobile cellular subscriptions | 107.5 per 100 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Fixed broadband subscriptions | 7.8 per 100 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Secure Internet servers | 1,302 per million | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Latitude | 42.8851° | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Longitude | 74.6057° | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Latitude (Wikidata) | 41.0000° | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Longitude (Wikidata) | 75.0000° | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Time zone | UTC+06:00 | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Form of government | parliamentary republic | current | Wikidata | Reported |
Data attribution
Credits below are generated from sources actually used by this country profile. Source-specific terms take precedence.
- CIA World Factbook, final 2025 country profile (structured via factbook.json). Accessed September 20, 2026. U.S. Government public-domain data; retained as a reference source where a newer approved field is not available. Source · Terms/licence
- United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, International Migrant Stock 2024; data access/processing via Our World in Data. Accessed September 20, 2026. Underlying UN dataset used under CC BY 3.0 IGO. Source · Terms/licence
- United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, World Population Prospects (WPP indicator 49) Accessed September 19, 2026. Used under CC BY 3.0 IGO; current-year WPP population values are presented as estimates/projections where applicable. Source · Terms/licence
- UNHCR Refugee Population Statistics Database. Accessed September 19, 2026. Used under CC BY 4.0 except where a dataset identifies a different source or licence. Source · Terms/licence
- Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem), Country-Year Dataset v16 (variables: v2mebias, v2mecenefm, v2mecrit, v2meharjrn, v2merange, v2meslfcen, v2x_freexp_altinf) Accessed September 20, 2026. Used under CC BY-SA 4.0; V-Dem measures are expert-coded/modelled and no V-Dem endorsement is implied. Source · Terms/licence
- Wikidata structured data (CC0). Accessed September 20, 2026. Attribution is provided by Knelstrom for provenance although CC0 does not require it. Source · Terms/licence
- Wikipedia, “LGBTQ rights by country or territory” (source revision/data fields: Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Gender identity / expression law, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Open military service, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Recognition of same-sex relationships, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex adoption, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex marriage, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex sexual activity, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Sexual-orientation anti-discrimination law) Accessed September 20, 2026. Used under CC BY-SA 4.0. Knelstrom changes formatting and presents the imported material as a community-edited legal-status summary, not legal advice or a Knelstrom rights score. Source · Terms/licence
- World Bank, World Development Indicators (series: AG.LND.FRST.ZS, country_metadata, EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS, EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS, EG.USE.ELEC.KH.PC, FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG, IT.CEL.SETS.P2, IT.NET.BBND.P2, IT.NET.SECR.P6, IT.NET.USER.ZS, NE.EXP.GNFS.ZS, NE.IMP.GNFS.ZS, NE.TRD.GNFS.ZS, NY.GDP.MKTP.CD, NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG, NY.GDP.PCAP.CD, SE.ADT.LITR.ZS, SE.SEC.ENRR, SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS, SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS, SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS, SM.POP.ASYS.EO, SM.POP.NETM, SM.POP.RHCR.EO, SM.POP.TOTL, SM.POP.TOTL.ZS, SP.DYN.IMRT.IN, SP.DYN.LE00.IN, SP.DYN.TFRT.IN, SP.POP.TOTL, SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS) Accessed September 20, 2026. Data used under CC BY 4.0; Knelstrom presentation/formatting may differ from the source. Source · Terms/licence
Knelstrom does not imply endorsement by any listed data provider.
Last automated statistical refresh: 2026-09-20 02:05:17