Knelstrom Intelligence · World Factbook
Jordan
المملكة الأردنية الهاشمية
CapitalAmman
Population11,520,684
GDP$61.6bn
Area89,341 km²
RegionMiddle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan
Data sources current · last checked September 20, 2026 2:10 am
Country facts
Overview
Background
After World War I and the dissolution of the Ottoman Empire, the League of Nations awarded Britain the mandate to govern much of the Middle East. In 1921, Britain demarcated from Palestine a semi-autonomous region of Transjordan and recognized ABDALLAH I from the Hashemite family as the country's first leader. The Hashemites also controlled the Hijaz, or the western coastal area of modern-day Saudi Arabia, until 1925, when IBN SAUD and Wahhabi tribes pushed them out. The country gained its independence in 1946 and thereafter became the Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan.
The country has had four kings. Long-time ruler King HUSSEIN (r. 1953-99) successfully navigated competing pressures from the major powers (US, UK, and Soviet Union), various Arab states, Israel, and Palestinian militants, the latter of which led to a brief civil war in 1970 that is known as "Black September" and ended in King HUSSEIN ousting the militants.
Jordan's borders have changed since it gained independence. In 1948, Jordan took control of the West Bank and East Jerusalem in the first Arab-Israeli War, eventually annexing those territories in 1950 and granting its new Palestinian residents Jordanian citizenship. In 1967, Jordan lost the West Bank and East Jerusalem to Israel in the Six-Day War but retained administrative claims to the West Bank until 1988, when King HUSSEIN permanently relinquished Jordanian claims to the West Bank in favor of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). King HUSSEIN signed a peace treaty with Israel in 1994, after Israel and the PLO signed the Oslo Accords in 1993.
Jordanian kings continue to claim custodianship of the Muslim holy sites in Jerusalem by virtue of their Hashemite heritage as descendants of the Prophet Mohammad and agreements with Israel and Jerusalem-based religious and Palestinian leaders. After Israel captured East Jerusalem in the 1967 War, it authorized the Jordanian-controlled Islamic Trust, or Waqf, to continue administering the Al Haram ash Sharif/Temple Mount holy compound, and the Jordan-Israel peace treaty reaffirmed Jordan's "special role" in administering the Muslim holy shrines in Jerusalem. Jordanian kings claim custodianship of the Christian sites in Jerusalem on the basis of the 7th-century Pact of Omar, when the Muslim leader, after conquering Jerusalem, agreed to permit Christian worship.
King HUSSEIN died in 1999 and was succeeded by his eldest son and current King ABDALLAH II. In 2009, ABDALLAH II designated his son HUSSEIN as the Crown Prince. During his reign, ABDALLAH II has contended with a series of challenges, including the Arab Spring influx of refugees from neighboring states, the COVID-19 pandemic, the effects of the war in Ukraine, a perennially weak economy, and the Israel-HAMAS conflict that began in October 2023.
Reference: 2023, 2009, 1999, 1994The country has had four kings. Long-time ruler King HUSSEIN (r. 1953-99) successfully navigated competing pressures from the major powers (US, UK, and Soviet Union), various Arab states, Israel, and Palestinian militants, the latter of which led to a brief civil war in 1970 that is known as "Black September" and ended in King HUSSEIN ousting the militants.
Jordan's borders have changed since it gained independence. In 1948, Jordan took control of the West Bank and East Jerusalem in the first Arab-Israeli War, eventually annexing those territories in 1950 and granting its new Palestinian residents Jordanian citizenship. In 1967, Jordan lost the West Bank and East Jerusalem to Israel in the Six-Day War but retained administrative claims to the West Bank until 1988, when King HUSSEIN permanently relinquished Jordanian claims to the West Bank in favor of the Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). King HUSSEIN signed a peace treaty with Israel in 1994, after Israel and the PLO signed the Oslo Accords in 1993.
Jordanian kings continue to claim custodianship of the Muslim holy sites in Jerusalem by virtue of their Hashemite heritage as descendants of the Prophet Mohammad and agreements with Israel and Jerusalem-based religious and Palestinian leaders. After Israel captured East Jerusalem in the 1967 War, it authorized the Jordanian-controlled Islamic Trust, or Waqf, to continue administering the Al Haram ash Sharif/Temple Mount holy compound, and the Jordan-Israel peace treaty reaffirmed Jordan's "special role" in administering the Muslim holy shrines in Jerusalem. Jordanian kings claim custodianship of the Christian sites in Jerusalem on the basis of the 7th-century Pact of Omar, when the Muslim leader, after conquering Jerusalem, agreed to permit Christian worship.
King HUSSEIN died in 1999 and was succeeded by his eldest son and current King ABDALLAH II. In 2009, ABDALLAH II designated his son HUSSEIN as the Crown Prince. During his reign, ABDALLAH II has contended with a series of challenges, including the Arab Spring influx of refugees from neighboring states, the COVID-19 pandemic, the effects of the war in Ukraine, a perennially weak economy, and the Israel-HAMAS conflict that began in October 2023.
Geography
Location
Middle East, northwest of Saudi Arabia, between Israel (to the west) and Iraq
Map references
Middle East
Area
total: 89,342 sq km
land: 88,802 sq km
water: 540 sq km
land: 88,802 sq km
water: 540 sq km
Area - comparative
about three-quarters the size of Pennsylvania; slightly smaller than Indiana
Land boundaries
total: 1,744 km
border countries: Iraq 179 km; Israel 307 km; Saudi Arabia 731 km; Syria 379 km; West Bank 148 km
border countries: Iraq 179 km; Israel 307 km; Saudi Arabia 731 km; Syria 379 km; West Bank 148 km
Coastline
26 km
Maritime claims
territorial sea: 3 nm
Climate
mostly arid desert; rainy season in west (November to April)
Terrain
mostly arid desert plateau; a great north-south geological rift along the west of the country is the dominant topographical feature and includes the Jordan River Valley, the Dead Sea, and the Jordanian Highlands
Elevation
highest point: Jabal Umm ad Dami 1,854 m
lowest point: Dead Sea -431 m
mean elevation: 812 m
lowest point: Dead Sea -431 m
mean elevation: 812 m
Natural resources
phosphates, potash, shale oil
Land use
agricultural land: 11.5% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 2.3% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0.9% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 8.4% (2023 est.)
forest: 0.8% (2023 est.)
other: 87.7% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 2.3% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0.9% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 8.4% (2023 est.)
forest: 0.8% (2023 est.)
other: 87.7% (2023 est.)
Irrigated land
875 sq km (2022)
Reference: 2022Major lakes (area sq km)
salt water lake(s): Dead Sea (shared with Israel and West Bank) - 1,020 sq km
note - endorheic hypersaline lake; 9.6 times saltier than the ocean; lake shore is 431 meters below sea level
note - endorheic hypersaline lake; 9.6 times saltier than the ocean; lake shore is 431 meters below sea level
Major watersheds (area sq km)
Indian Ocean drainage: (Persian Gulf) Tigris and Euphrates (918,044 sq km)
Major aquifers
Arabian Aquifer System
Population distribution
population heavily concentrated in the west, and particularly the northwest, in and around the capital of Amman; a sizeable but smaller population is located in the southwest along the shore of the Gulf of Aqaba
Natural hazards
droughts; periodic earthquakes; flash floods
Geography - note
strategic location at the head of the Gulf of Aqaba; the Arab country that shares the longest border with Israel and the West Bank; the Dead Sea, the lowest point in Asia and the second saltiest body of water in the world (after Lac Assal in Djibouti), lies on Jordan's western border with Israel and the West Bank; Jordan is almost landlocked but does have a 26 km southwestern coastline with a single port, Al 'Aqabah (Aqaba)
Population & Society
Nationality
noun: Jordanian(s)
adjective: Jordanian
adjective: Jordanian
Ethnic groups
Jordanian 69.3%, Syrian 13.3%, Palestinian 6.7%, Egyptian 6.7%, Iraqi 1.4%, other 2.6% (2015 est.)
note: note: data represent population by self-identified nationality in national census
Reference: 2015note: note: data represent population by self-identified nationality in national census
Languages
Languages: Arabic (official), English (widely understood among upper and middle classes)
major-language sample(s): كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
major-language sample(s): كتاب حقائق العالم، المصدر الذي لا يمكن الاستغناء عنه للمعلومات الأساسية (Arabic)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions
Muslim 97.1% (official; predominantly Sunni), Christian 2.1% (majority Greek Orthodox, but some Greek and Roman Catholics, Syrian Orthodox, Coptic Orthodox, Armenian Orthodox, and Protestant denominations), Buddhist 0.4%, Hindu 0.1%, Jewish
Age structure
0-14 years: 30.9% (male 1,771,840/female 1,678,178)
15-64 years: 64.9% (male 3,844,575/female 3,409,164)
65 years and over: 4.2% (2024 est.) (male 228,564/female 241,703)
Reference: 202415-64 years: 64.9% (male 3,844,575/female 3,409,164)
65 years and over: 4.2% (2024 est.) (male 228,564/female 241,703)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio: 54 (2024 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 47.6 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 6.5 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio: 15.4 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024youth dependency ratio: 47.6 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 6.5 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio: 15.4 (2024 est.)
Median age
total: 25 years (2024 est.)
male: 25.5 years
female: 24.4 years
Reference: 2024male: 25.5 years
female: 24.4 years
Population growth rate
0.78% (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Birth rate
22.2 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Death rate
3.5 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Population distribution
population heavily concentrated in the west, and particularly the northwest, in and around the capital of Amman; a sizeable but smaller population is located in the southwest along the shore of the Gulf of Aqaba
Major urban areas - population
2.232 million AMMAN (capital) (2023)
Reference: 2023Sex ratio
at birth: 1.06 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.13 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.95 male(s)/female
total population: 1.1 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Reference: 20240-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.13 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.95 male(s)/female
total population: 1.1 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth
24.6 years (2017/18 est.)
note: note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49
Reference: 2017note: note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49
Maternal mortality ratio
31 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Gross reproduction rate
1.39 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Drinking water source
improved: urban: urban: 99.1% of population (2022 est.)
improved: rural: rural: 97% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 99% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 0.9% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 3% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 1% of population (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022improved: rural: rural: 97% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 99% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 0.9% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 3% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 1% of population (2022 est.)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 7.3% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 7.6% of national budget (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022, 2021Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 7.6% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
2.85 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
Reference: 2022Hospital bed density
1.4 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Reference: 2021Sanitation facility access
improved: urban: urban: 98.9% of population (2022 est.)
improved: rural: rural: 97.9% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 98.8% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 1.1% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 2.1% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 1.2% of population (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022improved: rural: rural: 97.9% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 98.8% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 1.1% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 2.1% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 1.2% of population (2022 est.)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
35.5% (2016)
Reference: 2016Alcohol consumption per capita
total: 0.25 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer: 0.06 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 0.19 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Reference: 2019beer: 0.06 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 0.19 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Tobacco use
total: 37.1% (2025 est.)
male: 58.6% (2025 est.)
female: 13.9% (2025 est.)
male: 58.6% (2025 est.)
female: 13.9% (2025 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight
2.5% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Currently married women (ages 15-49)
55.6% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Child marriage
women married by age 15: 1.5% (2018)
women married by age 18: 9.7% (2018)
men married by age 18: 0.1% (2018)
Reference: 2018women married by age 18: 9.7% (2018)
men married by age 18: 0.1% (2018)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 13 years (2023 est.)
male: 13 years (2023 est.)
female: 14 years (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023male: 13 years (2023 est.)
female: 14 years (2023 est.)
Migration & Displacement
Immigrant/emigrant stock measures the number of international migrants resident in, or originating from, the country; it is not the same as annual immigration/emigration flows.
Refugees and internally displaced persons
refugees: 675,388 (2024 est.)
stateless persons: 17 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024stateless persons: 17 (2024 est.)
Government & Politics
| Office | Holder | Affiliation | From | Status | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Head of government | Jafar Hassan | — | 2024-09-15 | Current | Reported |
| Head of state | Abdullah II of Jordan | — | — | Current | Reported |
Country name
conventional long form: Hashemite Kingdom of Jordan
conventional short form: Jordan
local long form: Al Mamlakah al Urduniyah al Hashimiyah
local short form: Al Urdun
former: Transjordan
etymology: named for the Jordan River, which makes up part of Jordan's northwest border; the origin of the river's name is unclear, but it may come from a local word meaning "river"
conventional short form: Jordan
local long form: Al Mamlakah al Urduniyah al Hashimiyah
local short form: Al Urdun
former: Transjordan
etymology: named for the Jordan River, which makes up part of Jordan's northwest border; the origin of the river's name is unclear, but it may come from a local word meaning "river"
Government type
parliamentary constitutional monarchy
Capital
name: Amman
geographic coordinates: 31 57 N, 35 56 E
time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: in the 13th century B.C., the Ammonites named their primary city Rabbath Ammon; rabbath meant "capital," so the name translated as "The Capital of [the] Ammon[ites];" over time, the name was shortened to Ammon, and then to Amman
geographic coordinates: 31 57 N, 35 56 E
time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: in the 13th century B.C., the Ammonites named their primary city Rabbath Ammon; rabbath meant "capital," so the name translated as "The Capital of [the] Ammon[ites];" over time, the name was shortened to Ammon, and then to Amman
Administrative divisions
12 governorates (muhafazat, singular - muhafazah); 'Ajlun, Al 'Aqabah, Al Balqa', Al Karak, Al Mafraq, Al ‘Asimah (Amman), At Tafilah, Az Zarqa', Irbid, Jarash, Ma'an, Madaba
Legal system
mixed system developed from Ottoman Empire codes (based on French law), British common law, and Islamic law
Constitution
history: previous 1928 (pre-independence); latest initially adopted 28 November 1947, revised and ratified 1 January 1952
amendment process: constitutional amendments require at least a two-thirds majority vote of both the Senate and the House and ratification by the king
Reference: 1952, 1947, 1928amendment process: constitutional amendments require at least a two-thirds majority vote of both the Senate and the House and ratification by the king
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Citizenship
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Jordan
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: 15 years
citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Jordan
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: 15 years
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch
chief of state: King ABDALLAH II (since 7 February 1999)
head of government: Prime Minister Jafar HASSAN (since 15 September 2024)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the monarch in consultation with the prime minister
election/appointment process: prime minister appointed by the monarch
Reference: 2024, 1999head of government: Prime Minister Jafar HASSAN (since 15 September 2024)
cabinet: Cabinet appointed by the monarch in consultation with the prime minister
election/appointment process: prime minister appointed by the monarch
Legislative branch
legislature name: National Assembly (Majlis Al-Umma)
legislative structure: bicameral
legislative structure: bicameral
Legislative branch - lower chamber
chamber name: House of Representatives (Majlis Al-Nuwaab)
number of seats: 138 (all directly elected)
electoral system: mixed system
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 4 years
most recent election date: 9/10/2024
percentage of women in chamber: 19.6%
expected date of next election: September 2028
note: note: the total number of Chamber of Deputies' seats increased to 138 from 130 for the September 2024 election
Reference: 2028, 2024number of seats: 138 (all directly elected)
electoral system: mixed system
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 4 years
most recent election date: 9/10/2024
percentage of women in chamber: 19.6%
expected date of next election: September 2028
note: note: the total number of Chamber of Deputies' seats increased to 138 from 130 for the September 2024 election
Legislative branch - upper chamber
chamber name: Senate (Majlis Al-Aayan)
number of seats: 69 (all appointed)
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 4 years
most recent election date: 10/24/2024
percentage of women in chamber: 14.5%
expected date of next election: October 2028
Reference: 2028, 2024number of seats: 69 (all appointed)
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 4 years
most recent election date: 10/24/2024
percentage of women in chamber: 14.5%
expected date of next election: October 2028
Judicial branch
highest court(s): Court of Cassation or Supreme Court (consists of 15 members, including the chief justice); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the king; other judges nominated by the Judicial Council, an 11-member judicial policymaking body consisting of high-level judicial officials and judges, and approved by the king; judge tenure not limited; Constitutional Court members appointed by the king for 6-year non-renewable terms with one third of the membership renewed every 2 years
subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal; Great Felonies Court; religious courts; military courts; juvenile courts; Land Settlement Courts; Income Tax Court; Higher Administrative Court; Customs Court; special courts including the State Security Court
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the king; other judges nominated by the Judicial Council, an 11-member judicial policymaking body consisting of high-level judicial officials and judges, and approved by the king; judge tenure not limited; Constitutional Court members appointed by the king for 6-year non-renewable terms with one third of the membership renewed every 2 years
subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal; Great Felonies Court; religious courts; military courts; juvenile courts; Land Settlement Courts; Income Tax Court; Higher Administrative Court; Customs Court; special courts including the State Security Court
Political parties
'Azem
Blessed Land Party
Building and Labor Coalition
Eradah Party
Growth Party
Islamic Action Front or IAF
Jordanian al-Ansar Party
Jordanian al-Ghad Party
Jordanian Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party or JASBP
Jordanian Civil Democratic Party
Jordanian Communist Party or JCP
Jordanian Equality Party
Jordanian Democratic People's Party or HASD
Jordanian Democratic Popular Unity Party or JDPUP/Wihda
Jordanian Democratic Unionist Party
Jordanian Flame Party
Jordanian Future and Life Party
Jordanian Model Party
Jordanian National Integration Party
Jordanian National Loyalty Party
Jordanian Reform and Renewal Party or Hassad
Jordanian Shura Party
Jordanian Social Democratic Party or JSDP
Justice and Reform Party or JRP
Labor Party
National Charter Party
National Coalition Party
National Constitutional Party
National Current Party or NCP
National Islamic Party
National Union
Nationalist Movement Party or Hsq
New Path Party
Progress Party
Blessed Land Party
Building and Labor Coalition
Eradah Party
Growth Party
Islamic Action Front or IAF
Jordanian al-Ansar Party
Jordanian al-Ghad Party
Jordanian Arab Socialist Ba'ath Party or JASBP
Jordanian Civil Democratic Party
Jordanian Communist Party or JCP
Jordanian Equality Party
Jordanian Democratic People's Party or HASD
Jordanian Democratic Popular Unity Party or JDPUP/Wihda
Jordanian Democratic Unionist Party
Jordanian Flame Party
Jordanian Future and Life Party
Jordanian Model Party
Jordanian National Integration Party
Jordanian National Loyalty Party
Jordanian Reform and Renewal Party or Hassad
Jordanian Shura Party
Jordanian Social Democratic Party or JSDP
Justice and Reform Party or JRP
Labor Party
National Charter Party
National Coalition Party
National Constitutional Party
National Current Party or NCP
National Islamic Party
National Union
Nationalist Movement Party or Hsq
New Path Party
Progress Party
Diplomatic representation in the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Dina Khalil Tawfiq KAWAR (since 27 June 2016)
chancery: 3504 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 966-2664
FAX: [1] (202) 966-3110
email address and website: hkjconsular@jordanembassyus.org
http://www.jordanembassyus.org/
Reference: 2016chancery: 3504 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 966-2664
FAX: [1] (202) 966-3110
email address and website: hkjconsular@jordanembassyus.org
http://www.jordanembassyus.org/
Diplomatic representation from the US
chief of mission: Ambassador-designate James HOLTSNIDER (since October 2025)
embassy: Abdoun, Al-Umawyeen St., Amman
mailing address: 6050 Amman Place, Washington DC 20521-6050
telephone: [962] (6) 590-6000
FAX: [962] (6) 592-0163
email address and website: Amman-ACS@state.gov
https://jo.usembassy.gov/
embassy: Abdoun, Al-Umawyeen St., Amman
mailing address: 6050 Amman Place, Washington DC 20521-6050
telephone: [962] (6) 590-6000
FAX: [962] (6) 592-0163
email address and website: Amman-ACS@state.gov
https://jo.usembassy.gov/
International organization participation
ABEDA, AFESD, AMF, CAEU, CD, CICA, EBRD, FAO, G-11, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAM, NATO (partner), OIC, OPCW, OSCE (partner), PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Independence
25 May 1946 (from League of Nations mandate under British administration)
Reference: 1946National holiday
Independence Day, 25 May (1946)
Reference: 1946Flag
description: three equal horizontal bands of black (top), white, and green; a red isosceles triangle is on the left side, with a small white seven-pointed star in the center
meaning: black stands for the Abbassid Caliphate, white for the Ummayyad Caliphate, and green for the Fatimid Caliphate; the triangle stands for the Great Arab Revolt of 1916, and the star's points for the seven verses of the opening Sura (Al-Fatiha) of the Quran, as well as faith in One God, humanity, national spirit, humility, social justice, virtue, and aspirations
history: the design is based on the Arab Revolt flag of World War I
Reference: 1916meaning: black stands for the Abbassid Caliphate, white for the Ummayyad Caliphate, and green for the Fatimid Caliphate; the triangle stands for the Great Arab Revolt of 1916, and the star's points for the seven verses of the opening Sura (Al-Fatiha) of the Quran, as well as faith in One God, humanity, national spirit, humility, social justice, virtue, and aspirations
history: the design is based on the Arab Revolt flag of World War I
National symbol(s)
eagle
National color(s)
black, white, green, red
National anthem(s)
title: "As-salam al-malaki al-urdoni" (Long Live the King of Jordan)
lyrics/music: Abdul-Mone'm al-RIFAI'/Abdul-Qader al-TANEER
history: adopted 1946; the shortened version of the anthem is most commonly used; the full version is reserved for special occasions
Reference: 1946lyrics/music: Abdul-Mone'm al-RIFAI'/Abdul-Qader al-TANEER
history: adopted 1946; the shortened version of the anthem is most commonly used; the full version is reserved for special occasions
National heritage
total World Heritage Sites: 7 (6 cultural, 1 mixed)
selected World Heritage Site locales: Petra (c); Quseir Amra (c); Um er-Rasas (Kastrom Mefa'a) (c); Wadi Rum Protected Area (m); Baptism Site “Bethany Beyond the Jordan” (Al-Maghtas) (c); As-Salt - The Place of Tolerance and Urban Hospitality (c); Umm Al-Jimāl (c)
selected World Heritage Site locales: Petra (c); Quseir Amra (c); Um er-Rasas (Kastrom Mefa'a) (c); Wadi Rum Protected Area (m); Baptism Site “Bethany Beyond the Jordan” (Al-Maghtas) (c); As-Salt - The Place of Tolerance and Urban Hospitality (c); Umm Al-Jimāl (c)
Government & Official Links
No official institutional links have yet been verified for this country.
Legislature & Elections
Legislature
| Name | Chamber | Seats | Electoral system |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parliament of Jordan | — | — | — |
Economy
Economic overview
upper-middle-income Middle Eastern economy; high debt and unemployment, especially for youth and women; global events triggering trade slump and decreased revenue from tourism; growing manufacturing and agricultural sectors; key US foreign assistance recipient; natural-resource-poor and import-reliant
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024: $109.986 billion (2024 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $107.315 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $104.307 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $107.315 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $104.307 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP per capita
Real GDP per capita 2024: $9,500 (2024 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023: $9,400 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $9,300 (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Real GDP per capita 2023: $9,400 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $9,300 (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
agriculture: 5.1% (2024 est.)
industry: 25.1% (2024 est.)
services: 60.4% (2024 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
Reference: 2024industry: 25.1% (2024 est.)
services: 60.4% (2024 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
GDP - composition, by end use
household consumption: 78.9% (2021 est.)
government consumption: 15.8% (2021 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 22.2% (2021 est.)
investment in inventories: 3% (2021 est.)
exports of goods and services: 30% (2021 est.)
imports of goods and services: -50.4% (2021 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Reference: 2021government consumption: 15.8% (2021 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 22.2% (2021 est.)
investment in inventories: 3% (2021 est.)
exports of goods and services: 30% (2021 est.)
imports of goods and services: -50.4% (2021 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Agricultural products
tomatoes, milk, chicken, potatoes, olives, cucumbers/gherkins, onions, chillies/peppers, peaches/nectarines, sheep milk (2023)
note: note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Reference: 2023note: note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Industries
tourism, information technology, clothing, fertilizer, potash, phosphate mining, pharmaceuticals, petroleum refining, cement, inorganic chemicals, light manufacturing
Industrial production growth rate
3.7% (2024 est.)
note: note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Reference: 2024note: note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Labor force
3.08 million (2024 est.)
note: note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Reference: 2024note: note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
total: 41.7% (2024 est.)
male: 39.8% (2024 est.)
female: 49.2% (2024 est.)
note: note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Reference: 2024male: 39.8% (2024 est.)
female: 49.2% (2024 est.)
note: note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Population below poverty line
15.7% (2018 est.)
note: note: % of population with income below national poverty line
Reference: 2018note: note: % of population with income below national poverty line
Average household expenditures
on food: 25% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
on alcohol and tobacco: 4.5% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023on alcohol and tobacco: 4.5% of household expenditures (2023 est.)
Remittances
Remittances 2023: 8.8% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2022: 10.1% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2021: 11% of GDP (2021 est.)
note: note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Reference: 2023, 2022, 2021Remittances 2022: 10.1% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2021: 11% of GDP (2021 est.)
note: note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Budget
revenues: $13.779 billion (2023 est.)
expenditures: $17.159 billion (2023 est.)
note: note: central government revenues and expenditures (excluding grants and social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Reference: 2023expenditures: $17.159 billion (2023 est.)
note: note: central government revenues and expenditures (excluding grants and social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Public debt
Public debt 2023: 102.8% of GDP (2023 est.)
note: note: central government debt as a % of GDP
Reference: 2023note: note: central government debt as a % of GDP
Taxes and other revenues
17% (of GDP) (2023 est.)
note: note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
Reference: 2023note: note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
Current account balance
Current account balance 2023: -$1.91 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: -$3.815 billion (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2021: -$3.718 billion (2021 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Reference: 2023, 2022, 2021Current account balance 2022: -$3.815 billion (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2021: -$3.718 billion (2021 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
Exports 2023: $22.186 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $20.743 billion (2022 est.)
Exports 2021: $13.87 billion (2021 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2023, 2022, 2021Exports 2022: $20.743 billion (2022 est.)
Exports 2021: $13.87 billion (2021 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - partners
USA 21%, India 13%, Saudi Arabia 11%, China 7%, Iraq 6% (2023)
note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Exports - commodities
fertilizers, garments, phosphates, jewelry, phosphoric acid (2023)
note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports
Imports 2023: $28.922 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $30.019 billion (2022 est.)
Imports 2021: $23.321 billion (2021 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2023, 2022, 2021Imports 2022: $30.019 billion (2022 est.)
Imports 2021: $23.321 billion (2021 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - partners
China 17%, Saudi Arabia 14%, UAE 8%, India 6%, USA 5% (2023)
note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Imports - commodities
cars, refined petroleum, gold, crude petroleum, jewelry (2023)
note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024: $21.939 billion (2024 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $19.069 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $18.198 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $19.069 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $18.198 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Debt - external
Debt - external 2023: $21.058 billion (2023 est.)
note: note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
Exchange rates
Currency: Jordanian dinars (JOD) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2024: 0.71 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 0.71 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 0.71 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 0.71 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020: 0.71 (2020 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Exchange rates 2024: 0.71 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 0.71 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 0.71 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 0.71 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020: 0.71 (2020 est.)
Trade
Current account balance
Current account balance 2023: -$1.91 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: -$3.815 billion (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2021: -$3.718 billion (2021 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Reference: 2023, 2022, 2021Current account balance 2022: -$3.815 billion (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2021: -$3.718 billion (2021 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
Exports 2023: $22.186 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $20.743 billion (2022 est.)
Exports 2021: $13.87 billion (2021 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2023, 2022, 2021Exports 2022: $20.743 billion (2022 est.)
Exports 2021: $13.87 billion (2021 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - partners
USA 21%, India 13%, Saudi Arabia 11%, China 7%, Iraq 6% (2023)
note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Exports - commodities
fertilizers, garments, phosphates, jewelry, phosphoric acid (2023)
note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports
Imports 2023: $28.922 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $30.019 billion (2022 est.)
Imports 2021: $23.321 billion (2021 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2023, 2022, 2021Imports 2022: $30.019 billion (2022 est.)
Imports 2021: $23.321 billion (2021 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - partners
China 17%, Saudi Arabia 14%, UAE 8%, India 6%, USA 5% (2023)
note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Imports - commodities
cars, refined petroleum, gold, crude petroleum, jewelry (2023)
note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Energy & Resources
Electricity
installed generating capacity: 6.891 million kW (2023 est.)
consumption: 20.31 billion kWh (2023 est.)
exports: 162.93 million kWh (2023 est.)
imports: 383.073 million kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 2.472 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023consumption: 20.31 billion kWh (2023 est.)
exports: 162.93 million kWh (2023 est.)
imports: 383.073 million kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 2.472 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources
fossil fuels: 76.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
solar: 15.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
wind: 7.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
hydroelectricity: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023solar: 15.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
wind: 7.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
hydroelectricity: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Coal
consumption: 269,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
imports: 110,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023imports: 110,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Petroleum
total petroleum production: 20 bbl/day (2023 est.)
refined petroleum consumption: 97,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
crude oil estimated reserves: 1 million barrels (2021 est.)
Reference: 2023, 2021refined petroleum consumption: 97,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
crude oil estimated reserves: 1 million barrels (2021 est.)
Natural gas
production: 200.004 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
consumption: 5.441 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
exports: 375.998 million cubic meters (2018 est.)
imports: 4.865 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
proven reserves: 6.031 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
Reference: 2023, 2021, 2018consumption: 5.441 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
exports: 375.998 million cubic meters (2018 est.)
imports: 4.865 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
proven reserves: 6.031 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
Energy consumption per capita
Total energy consumption per capita 2023: 32.909 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Infrastructure
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 451,000 (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 4 (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 4 (2023 est.)
Health
Maternal mortality ratio
31 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 7.3% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 7.6% of national budget (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022, 2021Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 7.6% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
2.85 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
Reference: 2022Hospital bed density
1.4 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Reference: 2021Obesity - adult prevalence rate
35.5% (2016)
Reference: 2016Tobacco use
total: 37.1% (2025 est.)
male: 58.6% (2025 est.)
female: 13.9% (2025 est.)
male: 58.6% (2025 est.)
female: 13.9% (2025 est.)
Education
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 13 years (2023 est.)
male: 13 years (2023 est.)
female: 14 years (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023male: 13 years (2023 est.)
female: 14 years (2023 est.)
Rights, Freedoms & Society
Press & Media Freedom
V-Dem expert-coded/modelled source measures. Knelstrom does not create a press-freedom ranking or composite score.
LGBTQ+ Rights & Law
Concrete legal-status fields only; Knelstrom does not generate an LGBTQ rights score or country ranking.
Source: Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory (CC BY-SA 4.0). Community-edited legal-status summary; retrieved by Knelstrom and not legal advice.
Crime & Justice
Legal system
mixed system developed from Ottoman Empire codes (based on French law), British common law, and Islamic law
Judicial branch
highest court(s): Court of Cassation or Supreme Court (consists of 15 members, including the chief justice); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the king; other judges nominated by the Judicial Council, an 11-member judicial policymaking body consisting of high-level judicial officials and judges, and approved by the king; judge tenure not limited; Constitutional Court members appointed by the king for 6-year non-renewable terms with one third of the membership renewed every 2 years
subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal; Great Felonies Court; religious courts; military courts; juvenile courts; Land Settlement Courts; Income Tax Court; Higher Administrative Court; Customs Court; special courts including the State Security Court
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the king; other judges nominated by the Judicial Council, an 11-member judicial policymaking body consisting of high-level judicial officials and judges, and approved by the king; judge tenure not limited; Constitutional Court members appointed by the king for 6-year non-renewable terms with one third of the membership renewed every 2 years
subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal; Great Felonies Court; religious courts; military courts; juvenile courts; Land Settlement Courts; Income Tax Court; Higher Administrative Court; Customs Court; special courts including the State Security Court
Military & Security
Military and security forces
Jordanian Armed Forces (JAF; aka Arab Army): Jordanian Army (Jordanian Ground Forces; includes Special Operations Forces, Border Guards, Royal Guard), Jordanian Air Force, Jordanian Navy)
Ministry of Interior: Public Security Directorate (includes national police, the Gendarmerie, and the Civil Defense Directorate) (2025)
Ministry of Interior: Public Security Directorate (includes national police, the Gendarmerie, and the Civil Defense Directorate) (2025)
Military expenditures
Military Expenditures 2024: 4.5% of GDP (2024 est.)
Military Expenditures 2023: 4.5% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military Expenditures 2022: 4.8% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military Expenditures 2021: 5% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military Expenditures 2020: 5% of GDP (2020 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Military Expenditures 2023: 4.5% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military Expenditures 2022: 4.8% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military Expenditures 2021: 5% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military Expenditures 2020: 5% of GDP (2020 est.)
Military and security service personnel strengths
approximately 100,000 active-duty Armed Forces (85,000 Army; 14,000 Air Force; 1,000 Navy) (2025)
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
the JAF inventory is comprised of a wide mix of imported equipment, much of it older or secondhand, from China, Europe, some Gulf States, Russia, and the US (2024)
Reference: 2024Military service age and obligation
17 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women); initial service term is 24 months, with option to reenlist for up to 18 years; conscription was abolished in 1991, but in 2020 Jordan announced the reinstatement of compulsory military service for jobless men aged between 25 and 29 with 12 months of service, made up of 3 months of military training and 9 months of professional and technical training; in 2019, Jordan announced a voluntary 4-month National Military Service program for men and women aged between 18-25 years who have been unemployed for at least 6 months; service would include 1 month for military training with the remaining 3 months dedicated to vocational training in the sectors of construction and tourism (2023)
note: note: women comprised about 3% of the military as of 2023
Reference: 2023, 2020, 2019, 1991note: note: women comprised about 3% of the military as of 2023
Military deployments
Jordan has about 200 police deployed to the MONUSCO mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (2024)
Reference: 2024Military - note
the Jordanian Armed Forces (JAF) are responsible for territorial defense and border security and have a supporting role for internal security; key areas of concern include regional conflict and instability and unconventional threats, such as terrorism and weapons smuggling; the JAF participates in both bilateral and multinational exercises, UN peacekeeping missions, and have taken part in regional military operations alongside international forces in Afghanistan, Syria, and Yemen
the US is a key security partner, and Jordan is one of the largest recipients of US military aid in the region; it cooperates with the US on a number of issues, including border security, arms transfers, cybersecurity, and counterterrorism; Jordan has Major Non-NATO Ally status with the US, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation (2025)
the US is a key security partner, and Jordan is one of the largest recipients of US military aid in the region; it cooperates with the US on a number of issues, including border security, arms transfers, cybersecurity, and counterterrorism; Jordan has Major Non-NATO Ally status with the US, a designation under US law that provides foreign partners with certain benefits in the areas of defense trade and security cooperation (2025)
International Relations
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Diplomatic representation in the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Dina Khalil Tawfiq KAWAR (since 27 June 2016)
chancery: 3504 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 966-2664
FAX: [1] (202) 966-3110
email address and website: hkjconsular@jordanembassyus.org
http://www.jordanembassyus.org/
Reference: 2016chancery: 3504 International Drive NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 966-2664
FAX: [1] (202) 966-3110
email address and website: hkjconsular@jordanembassyus.org
http://www.jordanembassyus.org/
Diplomatic representation from the US
chief of mission: Ambassador-designate James HOLTSNIDER (since October 2025)
embassy: Abdoun, Al-Umawyeen St., Amman
mailing address: 6050 Amman Place, Washington DC 20521-6050
telephone: [962] (6) 590-6000
FAX: [962] (6) 592-0163
email address and website: Amman-ACS@state.gov
https://jo.usembassy.gov/
embassy: Abdoun, Al-Umawyeen St., Amman
mailing address: 6050 Amman Place, Washington DC 20521-6050
telephone: [962] (6) 590-6000
FAX: [962] (6) 592-0163
email address and website: Amman-ACS@state.gov
https://jo.usembassy.gov/
International organization participation
ABEDA, AFESD, AMF, CAEU, CD, CICA, EBRD, FAO, G-11, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAM, NATO (partner), OIC, OPCW, OSCE (partner), PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Treaties & Organisations
| Organisation | Status | Joined |
|---|---|---|
| Arab League (Arab League) | member | 1946-05-25 |
| United Nations (UN) | member | 1955-12-14 |
| World Trade Organization (WTO) | member | — |
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
International organization participation
ABEDA, AFESD, AMF, CAEU, CD, CICA, EBRD, FAO, G-11, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MINUSTAH, MONUSCO, NAM, NATO (partner), OIC, OPCW, OSCE (partner), PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNMIL, UNMISS, UNOCI, UNOOSA, UNRWA, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Conflict & Security
Refugees and internally displaced persons
refugees: 675,388 (2024 est.)
stateless persons: 17 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024stateless persons: 17 (2024 est.)
Terrorist group(s)
Islamic State of Iraq and ash-Sham (ISIS)
note: note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide
note: note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide
Transportation & Logistics
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
JY
Airports
18 (2025)
Heliports
6 (2025)
Railways
total: 509 km (2020)
narrow gauge: 509 km (2014) 1.050-m gauge
Reference: 2020, 2014narrow gauge: 509 km (2014) 1.050-m gauge
Merchant marine
total: 34 (2023)
by type: general cargo 5, other 29
Reference: 2023by type: general cargo 5, other 29
Ports
total ports: 1 (2024)
large: 0
medium: 0
small: 0
very small: 1
ports with oil terminals: 1
key ports: Al Aqabah
Reference: 2024large: 0
medium: 0
small: 0
very small: 1
ports with oil terminals: 1
key ports: Al Aqabah
Environment
Environmental issues
limited natural freshwater resources; declining water table; salination; deforestation; overgrazing; soil erosion; desertification; biodiversity and ecosystem damage/loss
International environmental agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Climate
mostly arid desert; rainy season in west (November to April)
Land use
agricultural land: 11.5% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 2.3% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0.9% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 8.4% (2023 est.)
forest: 0.8% (2023 est.)
other: 87.7% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 2.3% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0.9% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 8.4% (2023 est.)
forest: 0.8% (2023 est.)
other: 87.7% (2023 est.)
Urbanization
urban population: 92% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 0.98% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Reference: 2023, 2020rate of urbanization: 0.98% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions
total emissions: 22.434 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke: 627,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids: 13.264 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from consumed natural gas: 8.544 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023from coal and metallurgical coke: 627,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids: 13.264 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from consumed natural gas: 8.544 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Particulate matter emissions
26.3 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Reference: 2019Methane emissions
energy: 12.2 kt (2022-2024 est.)
agriculture: 25.4 kt (2019-2021 est.)
waste: 188.2 kt (2019-2021 est.)
other: 0.6 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2022, 2021, 2019agriculture: 25.4 kt (2019-2021 est.)
waste: 188.2 kt (2019-2021 est.)
other: 0.6 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Waste and recycling
municipal solid waste generated annually: 2.53 million tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 14.6% (2022 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2022percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 14.6% (2022 est.)
Total water withdrawal
municipal: 497.37 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
industrial: 36.88 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
agricultural: 570.61 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022industrial: 36.88 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
agricultural: 570.61 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Total renewable water resources
937 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022Communications & Media
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 451,000 (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 4 (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 4 (2023 est.)
Broadcast media
radio and TV dominated by the government-owned Jordan Radio and Television Corporation (JRTV) that operates a main network, a sports network, a film network, and a satellite channel; first independent TV broadcaster aired in 2007; international satellite TV and Israeli and Syrian TV broadcasts are available; roughly 30 radio stations; transmissions of multiple international radio broadcasters are available
Reference: 2007Internet country code
.jo
Historical Trends
Population
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View Population data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 10,006,367 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | 10,234,226 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | 10,462,306 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | 10,671,891 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | 10,865,228 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | 11,066,356 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | 11,256,263 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | 11,439,213 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 11,552,876 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | 11,520,684 | world_bank_wdi |
GDP (current US$)
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View GDP (current US$) data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | $43,688,498,732 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | $45,535,614,366 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | $47,435,850,423 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | $48,640,273,803 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | $47,931,770,986 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | $50,702,940,986 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | $53,516,930,141 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | $56,123,472,113 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | $58,618,380,563 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | $61,610,052,535 | world_bank_wdi |
International migrant stock (immigrants)
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View International migrant stock (immigrants) data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 4,940,142 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 5,280,168 | world_bank_wdi |
International emigrant stock
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View International emigrant stock data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 265,920 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 1995 | 292,015 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2000 | 324,675 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2005 | 384,315 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2010 | 486,197 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2015 | 582,220 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2020 | 609,679 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2024 | 659,204 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
Net migration
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View Net migration data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 31,046 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | 12,873 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | 32,062 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | -23,156 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | 6,745 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | 6,573 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | -17,445 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | -17,445 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | -156,369 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | -303,267 | world_bank_wdi |
Sources & Methodology
Current statistical observations include their reference period and provenance. Reference fields from approved source datasets are attributed below. Missing information is left unknown rather than inferred.
| Indicator | Value | Period | Source | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 11,520,684 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| UN Population Division population estimate | 11,589,533 | 2026 | UN Population Division Data Portal | Estimated |
| Wikidata population (fallback) | 10,428,241 | 2019 | Wikidata | Reported |
| International migrant stock (immigrants) | 5,280,168 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| International migrant stock | 45.7% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| International emigrant stock | 659,204 | 2024 | UN DESA International Migrant Stock 2024 | Estimated |
| Net migration | -303,267 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Refugees hosted | 436,226 | 2025 | UNHCR Refugee Population Statistics | Verified |
| Asylum seekers hosted | 8,068 | 2025 | UNHCR Refugee Population Statistics | Verified |
| Refugees from this country | 5,471 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Asylum seekers from this country | 10,735 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Freedom of expression & alternative information index | 0.556 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Government censorship effort — media | -0.740 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Harassment of journalists | -0.152 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Print/broadcast media critical of government | 0.957 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Range of perspectives in major media | 0.140 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Media bias | 1.168 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Media self-censorship | -0.755 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Same-sex sexual activity | Yes Yes Legal | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Recognition of same-sex relationships | No No | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Same-sex marriage | No No | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Same-sex adoption | No No | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Open military service | Ambiguous Ambiguous | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Sexual-orientation anti-discrimination law | No No | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Gender identity / expression law | Yes Yes Allowed since 2014 | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| GDP (current US$) | $61,610,052,535 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| GDP per capita (current US$) | $5,348 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| GDP growth | 2.8% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Inflation, consumer prices | 1.8% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Unemployment | 16.5% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Income level | Upper middle income | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Life expectancy at birth | 78.0 years | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Fertility rate | 2.6 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Urban population | 93.2% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Individuals using the Internet | 95.6% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Exports of goods and services | 54.2% | 2007 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Imports of goods and services | 91.8% | 2007 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Trade | 146.0% | 2007 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Adult literacy rate | 94.4% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Secondary school enrolment, gross | 91.8% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Government education expenditure | 3.2% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Access to electricity | 100.0% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Electric power consumption | 1,858 kWh/person | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Renewable energy consumption | 11.5% | 2021 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Current health expenditure | 7.7% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Infant mortality rate | 12.0 per 1,000 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Forest area | 1.1% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Mobile cellular subscriptions | 69.6 per 100 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Fixed broadband subscriptions | 7.0 per 100 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Secure Internet servers | 212 per million | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Latitude | 31.9497° | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Longitude | 35.9263° | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Latitude (Wikidata) | 31.2000° | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Longitude (Wikidata) | 36.5000° | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Time zone | UTC+02:00, UTC+03:00, Asia/Amman | current | Wikidata | Reported |
Data attribution
Credits below are generated from sources actually used by this country profile. Source-specific terms take precedence.
- CIA World Factbook, final 2025 country profile (structured via factbook.json). Accessed September 20, 2026. U.S. Government public-domain data; retained as a reference source where a newer approved field is not available. Source · Terms/licence
- United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, International Migrant Stock 2024; data access/processing via Our World in Data. Accessed September 20, 2026. Underlying UN dataset used under CC BY 3.0 IGO. Source · Terms/licence
- United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, World Population Prospects (WPP indicator 49) Accessed September 19, 2026. Used under CC BY 3.0 IGO; current-year WPP population values are presented as estimates/projections where applicable. Source · Terms/licence
- UNHCR Refugee Population Statistics Database. Accessed September 19, 2026. Used under CC BY 4.0 except where a dataset identifies a different source or licence. Source · Terms/licence
- Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem), Country-Year Dataset v16 (variables: v2mebias, v2mecenefm, v2mecrit, v2meharjrn, v2merange, v2meslfcen, v2x_freexp_altinf) Accessed September 20, 2026. Used under CC BY-SA 4.0; V-Dem measures are expert-coded/modelled and no V-Dem endorsement is implied. Source · Terms/licence
- Wikidata structured data (CC0). Accessed September 20, 2026. Attribution is provided by Knelstrom for provenance although CC0 does not require it. Source · Terms/licence
- Wikipedia, “LGBTQ rights by country or territory” (source revision/data fields: Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Gender identity / expression law, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Open military service, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Recognition of same-sex relationships, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex adoption, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex marriage, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex sexual activity, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Sexual-orientation anti-discrimination law) Accessed September 20, 2026. Used under CC BY-SA 4.0. Knelstrom changes formatting and presents the imported material as a community-edited legal-status summary, not legal advice or a Knelstrom rights score. Source · Terms/licence
- World Bank, World Development Indicators (series: AG.LND.FRST.ZS, country_metadata, EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS, EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS, EG.USE.ELEC.KH.PC, FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG, IT.CEL.SETS.P2, IT.NET.BBND.P2, IT.NET.SECR.P6, IT.NET.USER.ZS, NE.EXP.GNFS.ZS, NE.IMP.GNFS.ZS, NE.TRD.GNFS.ZS, NY.GDP.MKTP.CD, NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG, NY.GDP.PCAP.CD, SE.ADT.LITR.ZS, SE.SEC.ENRR, SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS, SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS, SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS, SM.POP.ASYS.EO, SM.POP.NETM, SM.POP.RHCR.EO, SM.POP.TOTL, SM.POP.TOTL.ZS, SP.DYN.IMRT.IN, SP.DYN.LE00.IN, SP.DYN.TFRT.IN, SP.POP.TOTL, SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS) Accessed September 20, 2026. Data used under CC BY 4.0; Knelstrom presentation/formatting may differ from the source. Source · Terms/licence
Knelstrom does not imply endorsement by any listed data provider.
Last automated statistical refresh: 2026-09-20 02:05:16