Knelstrom Intelligence · World Factbook
Brunei
le Brunei Darussalam
CapitalBandar Seri Begawan
Population466,330
GDP$15.0bn
Area5,765 km²
RegionEast Asia & Pacific
Data sources current · last checked September 20, 2026 2:10 am
Country facts
Overview
Background
The Sultanate of Brunei's influence peaked between the 15th and 17th centuries, when its control extended over coastal areas of northwest Borneo and the southern Philippines. Internal strife over royal succession, colonial expansion of European powers, and piracy subsequently brought on a period of decline. In 1888, Brunei became a British protectorate; independence was achieved in 1984. The same family has ruled Brunei for over six centuries, and in 2017, the country celebrated the 50th anniversary of Sultan Hassanal BOLKIAH’s accession to the throne. Brunei has one of the highest per-capita GDPs in the world, thanks to extensive petroleum and natural gas fields.
Reference: 2017, 1984Geography
Location
Southeastern Asia, along the northern coast of the island of Borneo, bordering the South China Sea and Malaysia
Map references
Southeast Asia
Area
total: 5,765 sq km
land: 5,265 sq km
water: 500 sq km
land: 5,265 sq km
water: 500 sq km
Area - comparative
slightly smaller than Delaware
Land boundaries
total: 266 km
border countries: Malaysia 266 km
border countries: Malaysia 266 km
Coastline
161 km
Maritime claims
territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm or to median line
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm or to median line
Climate
tropical; hot, humid, rainy
Terrain
flat coastal plain rises to mountains in east; hilly lowland in west
Elevation
highest point: Bukit Pagon 1,850 m
lowest point: South China Sea 0 m
mean elevation: 478 m
lowest point: South China Sea 0 m
mean elevation: 478 m
Natural resources
petroleum, natural gas, timber
Land use
agricultural land: 2.5% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 0.8% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 1.1% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 0.6% (2022 est.)
forest: 72.1% (2022 est.)
other: 25.4% (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 0.8% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 1.1% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 0.6% (2022 est.)
forest: 72.1% (2022 est.)
other: 25.4% (2022 est.)
Irrigated land
10 sq km (2012)
Reference: 2012Population distribution
the vast majority of the population is found along the coast in the western part of Brunei, which is separated from the eastern portion by Malaysia; the largest population concentration is in the far north on the western side of the Brunei Bay, in and around the capital of Bandar Seri Begawan
Natural hazards
typhoons, earthquakes, and severe flooding are rare
Geography - note
close to vital sea lanes through South China Sea linking Indian and Pacific Oceans; two parts physically separated by Malaysia; the eastern part, the Temburong district, is an exclave and is almost an enclave within Malaysia
Population & Society
Nationality
noun: Bruneian(s)
adjective: Bruneian
adjective: Bruneian
Ethnic groups
Malay 67.4%, Chinese 9.6%, other 23% (2021 est.)
Reference: 2021Languages
Languages: Malay (Bahasa Melayu) (official), English, Chinese dialects
major-language sample(s): Buku Fakta Dunia, sumber yang diperlukan untuk maklumat asas. (Malay)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
major-language sample(s): Buku Fakta Dunia, sumber yang diperlukan untuk maklumat asas. (Malay)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions
Muslim (official) 82.1%, Christian 6.7%, Buddhist 6.3%, other 4.9% (2021 est.)
Reference: 2021Age structure
0-14 years: 21.7% (male 54,924/female 51,710)
15-64 years: 70.8% (male 166,289/female 182,011)
65 years and over: 7.5% (2024 est.) (male 17,927/female 19,039)
Reference: 202415-64 years: 70.8% (male 166,289/female 182,011)
65 years and over: 7.5% (2024 est.) (male 17,927/female 19,039)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio: 41.2 (2024 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 30.6 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 10.6 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio: 9.4 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024youth dependency ratio: 30.6 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 10.6 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio: 9.4 (2024 est.)
Median age
total: 32.3 years (2024 est.)
male: 31.4 years
female: 33.1 years
Reference: 2024male: 31.4 years
female: 33.1 years
Population growth rate
1.4% (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Birth rate
15.8 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Death rate
3.9 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Population distribution
the vast majority of the population is found along the coast in the western part of Brunei, which is separated from the eastern portion by Malaysia; the largest population concentration is in the far north on the western side of the Brunei Bay, in and around the capital of Bandar Seri Begawan
Major urban areas - population
266,682 BANDAR SERI BEGAWAN (capital) (2021)
note: note: the boundaries of the capital city were expanded in 2007, greatly increasing the city area; the population of the capital increased tenfold
Reference: 2021, 2007note: note: the boundaries of the capital city were expanded in 2007, greatly increasing the city area; the population of the capital increased tenfold
Sex ratio
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.94 male(s)/female
total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Reference: 20240-14 years: 1.06 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.91 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.94 male(s)/female
total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio
36 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Gross reproduction rate
0.85 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Drinking water source
improved: total: total: 99.9% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 0.4% of population
unimproved: rural: rural: 0% of population
unimproved: total: total: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022unimproved: urban: urban: 0.4% of population
unimproved: rural: rural: 0% of population
unimproved: total: total: 0.1% of population (2022 est.)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 2.2% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 6.4% of national budget (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022, 2021Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 6.4% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
1.89 physicians/1,000 population (2021)
Reference: 2021Hospital bed density
3.9 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Reference: 2021Sanitation facility access
improved: total: total: 99.5% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 0.5% of population (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022unimproved: total: total: 0.5% of population (2022 est.)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
14.1% (2016)
Reference: 2016Alcohol consumption per capita
total: 0.69 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer: 0.66 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 0.04 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Reference: 2019beer: 0.66 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 0.04 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Tobacco use
total: 17% (2025 est.)
male: 31.2% (2025 est.)
female: 1.9% (2025 est.)
male: 31.2% (2025 est.)
female: 1.9% (2025 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
54.3% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 14 years (2023 est.)
male: 13 years (2023 est.)
female: 14 years (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023male: 13 years (2023 est.)
female: 14 years (2023 est.)
Migration & Displacement
Immigrant/emigrant stock measures the number of international migrants resident in, or originating from, the country; it is not the same as annual immigration/emigration flows.
Refugees and internally displaced persons
stateless persons: 20,863 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Government & Politics
| Office | Holder | Affiliation | From | Status | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Head of state | Hassanal Bolkiah I of Brunei | — | — | Current | Reported |
| Head of government | Hassanal Bolkiah I of Brunei | — | — | Current | Reported |
Country name
conventional long form: Brunei Darussalam
conventional short form: Brunei
local long form: Negara Brunei Darussalam
local short form: Brunei
etymology: derivation of the name is unclear; the name may come from the Sanskrit word bhumi, meaning "land" or "region"
conventional short form: Brunei
local long form: Negara Brunei Darussalam
local short form: Brunei
etymology: derivation of the name is unclear; the name may come from the Sanskrit word bhumi, meaning "land" or "region"
Capital
name: Bandar Seri Begawan
geographic coordinates: 4 53 N, 114 56 E
time difference: UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: named in 1970 after Sultan Omar Ali SAIFUDDIEN III (1914-1986), who adopted the title of "Seri Begawan" (approximately meaning "honored lord") when he abdicated in 1967; "bandar" means "city" or "port" in Malay; the capital had previously been called Bandar Brunei (Brunei City)
Reference: 1986, 1970, 1967, 1914geographic coordinates: 4 53 N, 114 56 E
time difference: UTC+8 (13 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: named in 1970 after Sultan Omar Ali SAIFUDDIEN III (1914-1986), who adopted the title of "Seri Begawan" (approximately meaning "honored lord") when he abdicated in 1967; "bandar" means "city" or "port" in Malay; the capital had previously been called Bandar Brunei (Brunei City)
Administrative divisions
4 districts (daerah-daerah, singular - daerah); Belait, Brunei dan Muara, Temburong, Tutong
Legal system
mixed legal system based on English common law and Islamic law
note: note: in 2019, sharia penal codes came into force and apply to Muslims and partly to non-Muslims in parallel with common law codes
Reference: 2019note: note: in 2019, sharia penal codes came into force and apply to Muslims and partly to non-Muslims in parallel with common law codes
Constitution
history: drafted 1954 to 1959, signed 29 September 1959
amendment process: proposed by the monarch; passage requires submission to the Privy Council for Legislative Council review and finalization takes place by proclamation; the monarch can accept or reject changes to the original proposal provided by the Legislative Council
note: note: some constitutional provisions suspended since 1962 under a state of emergency, others suspended since independence in 1984
Reference: 1984, 1962, 1959, 1954amendment process: proposed by the monarch; passage requires submission to the Privy Council for Legislative Council review and finalization takes place by proclamation; the monarch can accept or reject changes to the original proposal provided by the Legislative Council
note: note: some constitutional provisions suspended since 1962 under a state of emergency, others suspended since independence in 1984
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICC
Citizenship
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Brunei
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 12 years
citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Brunei
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 12 years
Suffrage
18 years of age for village elections; universal
Executive branch
chief of state: Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967)
head of government: Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed and presided over by the monarch
election/appointment process: none; the monarchy is hereditary
note: note 1: the monarch is both chief of state and head of government, as well as Minister of Finance, Defense, and Foreign Affairs and Trade
note 2: 4 additional advisory councils appointed by the monarch are the Religious Council, Privy Council for Constitutional Issues, Council of Succession, and Legislative Council
Reference: 1967head of government: Sultan and Prime Minister Sir HASSANAL Bolkiah (since 5 October 1967)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed and presided over by the monarch
election/appointment process: none; the monarchy is hereditary
note: note 1: the monarch is both chief of state and head of government, as well as Minister of Finance, Defense, and Foreign Affairs and Trade
note 2: 4 additional advisory councils appointed by the monarch are the Religious Council, Privy Council for Constitutional Issues, Council of Succession, and Legislative Council
Legislative branch
legislature name: Legislative Council (Majlis Mesyuarat Negara)
legislative structure: unicameral
number of seats: 45 (all appointed)
electoral system: plurality/majority
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 5 years
most recent election date: 1/20/2023
percentage of women in chamber: 11.8%
expected date of next election: January 2028
Reference: 2028, 2023legislative structure: unicameral
number of seats: 45 (all appointed)
electoral system: plurality/majority
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 5 years
most recent election date: 1/20/2023
percentage of women in chamber: 11.8%
expected date of next election: January 2028
Judicial branch
highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of the Court of Appeal and the High Court, each with a chief justice and 2 judges); Sharia Court (consists the Court of Appeals and the High Court)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges appointed by the monarch to serve until age 65, and older if approved by the monarch; Sharia Court judges appointed by the monarch for life
subordinate courts: Intermediate Court; Magistrates' Courts; Juvenile Court; small claims courts; lower sharia courts
note: note: Brunei has a dual judicial system of secular and sharia (religious) courts; the Judicial Committee of Privy Council (in London) serves as the final appellate court for civil cases only
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges appointed by the monarch to serve until age 65, and older if approved by the monarch; Sharia Court judges appointed by the monarch for life
subordinate courts: Intermediate Court; Magistrates' Courts; Juvenile Court; small claims courts; lower sharia courts
note: note: Brunei has a dual judicial system of secular and sharia (religious) courts; the Judicial Committee of Privy Council (in London) serves as the final appellate court for civil cases only
Political parties
National Development Party or NDP
note: note: the NDP is Brunei’s only registered party, but does not have representation in the Legislative Council, which is appointed
note: note: the NDP is Brunei’s only registered party, but does not have representation in the Legislative Council, which is appointed
Diplomatic representation in the US
chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires IZZATI Baharuddin (since 6 May 2025)
chancery: 3520 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 237-1838
FAX: [1] (202) 885-0560
email address and website: info@bruneiembassy.org
http://www.bruneiembassy.org/index.html
consulate(s): New York
chancery: 3520 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 237-1838
FAX: [1] (202) 885-0560
email address and website: info@bruneiembassy.org
http://www.bruneiembassy.org/index.html
consulate(s): New York
Diplomatic representation from the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Caryn R. McCLELLAND (since December 2021)
embassy: Simpang 336-52-16-9, Jalan Duta, Bandar Seri Begawan, BC4115
mailing address: 4020 Bandar Seri Begawan Place, Washington DC 20521-4020
telephone: (673) 238-7400
FAX: (673) 238-7533
email address and website: ConsularBrunei@state.gov
https://bn.usembassy.gov/
Reference: 2021embassy: Simpang 336-52-16-9, Jalan Duta, Bandar Seri Begawan, BC4115
mailing address: 4020 Bandar Seri Begawan Place, Washington DC 20521-4020
telephone: (673) 238-7400
FAX: (673) 238-7533
email address and website: ConsularBrunei@state.gov
https://bn.usembassy.gov/
International organization participation
ADB, APEC, ARF, ASEAN, C, CP, EAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIFIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Independence
1 January 1984 (from the UK)
Reference: 1984National holiday
National Day, 23 February (1984)
note: note: 1 January 1984 was the date of independence from the UK, 23 February 1984 was the date of independence from British protection; the Sultan's birthday, 15 June
Reference: 1984note: note: 1 January 1984 was the date of independence from the UK, 23 February 1984 was the date of independence from British protection; the Sultan's birthday, 15 June
Flag
description: yellow with a diagonal white band and second below it in black, both starting from the upper left; the national emblem in red is at the center; the state motto, "Always render service with God's guidance," appears in yellow Arabic script on the emblem's crescent; a ribbon below the crescent reads "Brunei, the Abode of Peace"
meaning: yellow symbolizes the sultanate, and the white and black bands stand for the chief ministers; the emblem includes a royal umbrella (the monarchy), two wings with four feathers (justice, tranquility, prosperity, and peace), two upraised hands (the government's pledge to preserve and promote the people's welfare), and the crescent moon of Islam (the state religion)
meaning: yellow symbolizes the sultanate, and the white and black bands stand for the chief ministers; the emblem includes a royal umbrella (the monarchy), two wings with four feathers (justice, tranquility, prosperity, and peace), two upraised hands (the government's pledge to preserve and promote the people's welfare), and the crescent moon of Islam (the state religion)
National symbol(s)
royal parasol
National color(s)
yellow, white, black
National anthem(s)
title: "Allah Peliharakan Sultan" (God Bless His Majesty)
lyrics/music: Pengiran Haji Mohamed YUSUF bin Pengiran Abdul Rahim/Awang Haji BESAR bin Sagap
history: adopted 1951
Reference: 1951lyrics/music: Pengiran Haji Mohamed YUSUF bin Pengiran Abdul Rahim/Awang Haji BESAR bin Sagap
history: adopted 1951
Government & Official Links
| Institution | Official website | X / Twitter | Verification |
|---|---|---|---|
| Brunei official website | Official website | — | Reported · source Checked September 20, 2026 |
Institutional accounts only; personal accounts of political office-holders are excluded.
Legislature & Elections
Legislature
| Name | Chamber | Seats | Electoral system |
|---|---|---|---|
| Legislative Council of Brunei | — | 37 | — |
Economy
Economic overview
almost exclusively an oil and gas economy; high income country; expansive and robust welfare system; the majority of the population works for the government; promulgating a nationalized halal brand; considering establishment of a bond market and stock exchange
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024: $36.64 billion (2024 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $35.163 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $34.771 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $35.163 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $34.771 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP per capita
Real GDP per capita 2024: $79,200 (2024 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023: $76,600 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $76,400 (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Real GDP per capita 2023: $76,600 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $76,400 (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
agriculture: 1.2% (2024 est.)
industry: 61.7% (2024 est.)
services: 38.7% (2024 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
Reference: 2024industry: 61.7% (2024 est.)
services: 38.7% (2024 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
GDP - composition, by end use
household consumption: 28.5% (2024 est.)
government consumption: 23% (2024 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 28.2% (2024 est.)
investment in inventories: 0.2% (2024 est.)
exports of goods and services: 74.3% (2024 est.)
imports of goods and services: -58.9% (2024 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Reference: 2024government consumption: 23% (2024 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 28.2% (2024 est.)
investment in inventories: 0.2% (2024 est.)
exports of goods and services: 74.3% (2024 est.)
imports of goods and services: -58.9% (2024 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Agricultural products
chicken, eggs, fruits, vegetables, rice, bananas, beans, cucumbers/gherkins, pineapples, beef (2023)
note: note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Reference: 2023note: note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Industries
petroleum, petroleum refining, liquefied natural gas, construction, agriculture, aquaculture, transportation
Industrial production growth rate
5.7% (2024 est.)
note: note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Reference: 2024note: note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Labor force
233,500 (2024 est.)
note: note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Reference: 2024note: note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
total: 18.5% (2024 est.)
male: 16.5% (2024 est.)
female: 21.6% (2024 est.)
note: note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Reference: 2024male: 16.5% (2024 est.)
female: 21.6% (2024 est.)
note: note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Remittances
Remittances 2023: 0% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2022: 0% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2021: 0% of GDP (2021 est.)
note: note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Reference: 2023, 2022, 2021Remittances 2022: 0% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2021: 0% of GDP (2021 est.)
note: note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Budget
revenues: $1.058 billion (2020 est.)
expenditures: $3.189 billion (2020 est.)
Reference: 2020expenditures: $3.189 billion (2020 est.)
Public debt
Public debt 2017: 2.8% of GDP (2017 est.)
note: note: central government debt as a % of GDP
Reference: 2017note: note: central government debt as a % of GDP
Current account balance
Current account balance 2024: $2.23 billion (2024 est.)
Current account balance 2023: $1.944 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: $3.256 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Current account balance 2023: $1.944 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: $3.256 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
Exports 2024: $11.483 billion (2024 est.)
Exports 2023: $11.573 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $14.405 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Exports 2023: $11.573 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $14.405 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - partners
Australia 21%, Japan 17%, China 17%, Singapore 16%, Malaysia 6% (2023)
note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Exports - commodities
refined petroleum, natural gas, crude petroleum, hydrocarbons, fertilizers (2023)
note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports
Imports 2024: $9.11 billion (2024 est.)
Imports 2023: $9.077 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $10.099 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Imports 2023: $9.077 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $10.099 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - partners
Malaysia 23%, UAE 10%, China 10%, UK 10%, Australia 6% (2023)
note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Imports - commodities
crude petroleum, gold, refined petroleum, coal, cars (2023)
note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024: $4.414 billion (2024 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $4.483 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $5.035 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $4.483 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $5.035 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Exchange rates
Currency: Bruneian dollars (BND) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2024: 1.336 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 1.343 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 1.379 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 1.344 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020: 1.38 (2020 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Exchange rates 2024: 1.336 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 1.343 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 1.379 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 1.344 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020: 1.38 (2020 est.)
Trade
Current account balance
Current account balance 2024: $2.23 billion (2024 est.)
Current account balance 2023: $1.944 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: $3.256 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Current account balance 2023: $1.944 billion (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: $3.256 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
Exports 2024: $11.483 billion (2024 est.)
Exports 2023: $11.573 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $14.405 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Exports 2023: $11.573 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $14.405 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - partners
Australia 21%, Japan 17%, China 17%, Singapore 16%, Malaysia 6% (2023)
note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Exports - commodities
refined petroleum, natural gas, crude petroleum, hydrocarbons, fertilizers (2023)
note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports
Imports 2024: $9.11 billion (2024 est.)
Imports 2023: $9.077 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $10.099 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Imports 2023: $9.077 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $10.099 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - partners
Malaysia 23%, UAE 10%, China 10%, UK 10%, Australia 6% (2023)
note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Imports - commodities
crude petroleum, gold, refined petroleum, coal, cars (2023)
note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Energy & Resources
Electricity
installed generating capacity: 904,000 kW (2023 est.)
consumption: 5.081 billion kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 502.188 million kWh (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023consumption: 5.081 billion kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 502.188 million kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources
fossil fuels: 99.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
solar: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023solar: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Coal
consumption: 841,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
imports: 841,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023imports: 841,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Petroleum
total petroleum production: 95,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
refined petroleum consumption: 15,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
crude oil estimated reserves: 1.1 billion barrels (2021 est.)
Reference: 2023, 2021refined petroleum consumption: 15,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
crude oil estimated reserves: 1.1 billion barrels (2021 est.)
Natural gas
production: 10.093 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
consumption: 3.911 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
exports: 5.733 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
proven reserves: 260.515 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
Reference: 2023, 2021consumption: 3.911 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
exports: 5.733 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
proven reserves: 260.515 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
Energy consumption per capita
Total energy consumption per capita 2023: 403.365 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Infrastructure
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 122,000 (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 26 (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 26 (2023 est.)
Health
Maternal mortality ratio
36 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 2.2% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 6.4% of national budget (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022, 2021Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 6.4% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
1.89 physicians/1,000 population (2021)
Reference: 2021Hospital bed density
3.9 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Reference: 2021Obesity - adult prevalence rate
14.1% (2016)
Reference: 2016Tobacco use
total: 17% (2025 est.)
male: 31.2% (2025 est.)
female: 1.9% (2025 est.)
male: 31.2% (2025 est.)
female: 1.9% (2025 est.)
Education
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 14 years (2023 est.)
male: 13 years (2023 est.)
female: 14 years (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023male: 13 years (2023 est.)
female: 14 years (2023 est.)
Rights, Freedoms & Society
LGBTQ+ Rights & Law
Concrete legal-status fields only; Knelstrom does not generate an LGBTQ rights score or country ranking.
Source: Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory (CC BY-SA 4.0). Community-edited legal-status summary; retrieved by Knelstrom and not legal advice.
Crime & Justice
Legal system
mixed legal system based on English common law and Islamic law
note: note: in 2019, sharia penal codes came into force and apply to Muslims and partly to non-Muslims in parallel with common law codes
Reference: 2019note: note: in 2019, sharia penal codes came into force and apply to Muslims and partly to non-Muslims in parallel with common law codes
Judicial branch
highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of the Court of Appeal and the High Court, each with a chief justice and 2 judges); Sharia Court (consists the Court of Appeals and the High Court)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges appointed by the monarch to serve until age 65, and older if approved by the monarch; Sharia Court judges appointed by the monarch for life
subordinate courts: Intermediate Court; Magistrates' Courts; Juvenile Court; small claims courts; lower sharia courts
note: note: Brunei has a dual judicial system of secular and sharia (religious) courts; the Judicial Committee of Privy Council (in London) serves as the final appellate court for civil cases only
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges appointed by the monarch to serve until age 65, and older if approved by the monarch; Sharia Court judges appointed by the monarch for life
subordinate courts: Intermediate Court; Magistrates' Courts; Juvenile Court; small claims courts; lower sharia courts
note: note: Brunei has a dual judicial system of secular and sharia (religious) courts; the Judicial Committee of Privy Council (in London) serves as the final appellate court for civil cases only
Military & Security
Military and security forces
Royal Brunei Armed Forces (RBAF) or Angkatan Bersenjata Diraja Brunei (ABDB): Royal Brunei Land Force (RBLF), Royal Brunei Navy (RBN), Royal Brunei Air Force (RBAirF) (2025)
note: note 1: the Gurkha Security Unit under the Ministry of Defense is a special guard force for the Sultan, the royal family, and the country’s oil installations
note 2: the Royal Brunei Police Force (RBPF) is under the Prime Minister's Office
note: note 1: the Gurkha Security Unit under the Ministry of Defense is a special guard force for the Sultan, the royal family, and the country’s oil installations
note 2: the Royal Brunei Police Force (RBPF) is under the Prime Minister's Office
Military expenditures
Military Expenditures 2023: 3% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military Expenditures 2022: 2.6% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military Expenditures 2021: 3.1% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military Expenditures 2020: 3.7% of GDP (2020 est.)
Military Expenditures 2019: 3.1% of GDP (2019 est.)
Reference: 2023, 2022, 2021, 2020Military Expenditures 2022: 2.6% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military Expenditures 2021: 3.1% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military Expenditures 2020: 3.7% of GDP (2020 est.)
Military Expenditures 2019: 3.1% of GDP (2019 est.)
Military and security service personnel strengths
approximately 7,000 active Armed Forces (2025)
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
the military's s inventory includes equipment and weapons systems from a wide variety of suppliers from Asia, Europe, and the US (2024)
Reference: 2024Military service age and obligation
17 years of age for voluntary military service; non-Malays are ineligible to serve (2024)
note: note: the Gurkha Reserve Unit (GRU) employs hundreds of Gurkhas from Nepal, the majority of whom are veterans of the British Army and the Singapore Police Force who have joined the GRU as a second career
Reference: 2024note: note: the Gurkha Reserve Unit (GRU) employs hundreds of Gurkhas from Nepal, the majority of whom are veterans of the British Army and the Singapore Police Force who have joined the GRU as a second career
Military - note
the Royal Brunei Armed Forces (RBAF) are responsible for ensuring the country’s sovereignty and territorial integrity, as well as countering outside aggression, terrorism, and insurgency
Brunei has a long-standing defense relationship with the UK and hosts a British Army garrison, which includes a Gurkha battalion and a jungle warfare school; Brunei also has close security ties with Singapore and hosts a Singaporean military training detachment
the RBAF was formed in 1961 with British support as the Brunei Malay Regiment; "Royal" was added as an honorary title in 1965 and its current name was given in 1984 (2025)
Reference: 2025, 1984, 1965, 1961Brunei has a long-standing defense relationship with the UK and hosts a British Army garrison, which includes a Gurkha battalion and a jungle warfare school; Brunei also has close security ties with Singapore and hosts a Singaporean military training detachment
the RBAF was formed in 1961 with British support as the Brunei Malay Regiment; "Royal" was added as an honorary title in 1965 and its current name was given in 1984 (2025)
International Relations
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICC
Diplomatic representation in the US
chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires IZZATI Baharuddin (since 6 May 2025)
chancery: 3520 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 237-1838
FAX: [1] (202) 885-0560
email address and website: info@bruneiembassy.org
http://www.bruneiembassy.org/index.html
consulate(s): New York
chancery: 3520 International Court NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 237-1838
FAX: [1] (202) 885-0560
email address and website: info@bruneiembassy.org
http://www.bruneiembassy.org/index.html
consulate(s): New York
Diplomatic representation from the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Caryn R. McCLELLAND (since December 2021)
embassy: Simpang 336-52-16-9, Jalan Duta, Bandar Seri Begawan, BC4115
mailing address: 4020 Bandar Seri Begawan Place, Washington DC 20521-4020
telephone: (673) 238-7400
FAX: (673) 238-7533
email address and website: ConsularBrunei@state.gov
https://bn.usembassy.gov/
Reference: 2021embassy: Simpang 336-52-16-9, Jalan Duta, Bandar Seri Begawan, BC4115
mailing address: 4020 Bandar Seri Begawan Place, Washington DC 20521-4020
telephone: (673) 238-7400
FAX: (673) 238-7533
email address and website: ConsularBrunei@state.gov
https://bn.usembassy.gov/
International organization participation
ADB, APEC, ARF, ASEAN, C, CP, EAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIFIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Treaties & Organisations
| Organisation | Status | Joined |
|---|---|---|
| ASEAN (ASEAN) | member | 1984-01-08 |
| Commonwealth of Nations (Commonwealth) | member | 1984-00-00 |
| United Nations (UN) | member | 1984-09-21 |
| World Trade Organization (WTO) | member | — |
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICC
International organization participation
ADB, APEC, ARF, ASEAN, C, CP, EAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICC (NGOs), ICRM, IDA, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, NAM, OIC, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIFIL, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Conflict & Security
Refugees and internally displaced persons
stateless persons: 20,863 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Trafficking in persons
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List — Brunei does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so, therefore Brunei was upgraded to Tier 2 Watch List; for more details, go to: https://www.state.gov/reports/2025-trafficking-in-persons-report/brunei/
Transportation & Logistics
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
V8
Airports
2 (2025)
Heliports
14 (2025)
Merchant marine
total: 97 (2023)
by type: general cargo 18, oil tanker 2, other 77
Reference: 2023by type: general cargo 18, oil tanker 2, other 77
Ports
total ports: 5 (2024)
large: 0
medium: 0
small: 2
very small: 3
ports with oil terminals: 5
key ports: Bandar Seri Begawan, Kuala Belait, Lumut, Muara Harbor, Seria Oil Loading Terminal
Reference: 2024large: 0
medium: 0
small: 2
very small: 3
ports with oil terminals: 5
key ports: Bandar Seri Begawan, Kuala Belait, Lumut, Muara Harbor, Seria Oil Loading Terminal
Environment
Environmental issues
air pollution, including seasonal haze from forest fires in Indonesia
International environmental agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Climate
tropical; hot, humid, rainy
Land use
agricultural land: 2.5% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 0.8% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 1.1% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 0.6% (2022 est.)
forest: 72.1% (2022 est.)
other: 25.4% (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 0.8% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 1.1% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 0.6% (2022 est.)
forest: 72.1% (2022 est.)
other: 25.4% (2022 est.)
Urbanization
urban population: 79.1% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 1.44% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Reference: 2023, 2020rate of urbanization: 1.44% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions
total emissions: 10.823 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke: 998,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids: 2.175 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from consumed natural gas: 7.65 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023from coal and metallurgical coke: 998,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids: 2.175 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from consumed natural gas: 7.65 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Particulate matter emissions
7.4 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Reference: 2019Methane emissions
energy: 50.5 kt (2022-2024 est.)
agriculture: 0.9 kt (2019-2021 est.)
waste: 9.2 kt (2019-2021 est.)
other: 0.3 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2022, 2021, 2019agriculture: 0.9 kt (2019-2021 est.)
waste: 9.2 kt (2019-2021 est.)
other: 0.3 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Waste and recycling
municipal solid waste generated annually: 216,300 tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 20% (2022 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2022percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 20% (2022 est.)
Total water withdrawal
municipal: 151.5 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
agricultural: 5.3 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022agricultural: 5.3 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Total renewable water resources
8.5 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022Communications & Media
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 122,000 (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 26 (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 26 (2023 est.)
Broadcast media
state-controlled Radio Television Brunei (RTB) operates 5 channels; 3 Malaysian TV stations are available; foreign TV broadcasts are available via satellite systems; RTB operates 5 radio networks and broadcasts on multiple frequencies; British Forces Broadcast Service (BFBS) provides radio broadcasts on 2 FM stations; some radio broadcast stations from Malaysia are available via repeaters
Internet country code
.bn
Historical Trends
Population
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View Population data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 427,564 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | 432,772 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | 437,810 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | 442,680 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | 447,404 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | 451,721 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | 455,370 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | 458,949 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 462,721 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | 466,330 | world_bank_wdi |
GDP (current US$)
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View GDP (current US$) data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | $11,400,266,045 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | $12,128,168,045 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | $13,566,908,391 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | $13,469,235,365 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | $12,005,799,654 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | $14,006,496,617 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | $16,681,536,467 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | $15,095,084,656 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | $15,340,808,592 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | $15,031,980,994 | world_bank_wdi |
International migrant stock (immigrants)
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View International migrant stock (immigrants) data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 111,959 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 119,933 | world_bank_wdi |
International emigrant stock
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View International emigrant stock data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 31,408 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 1995 | 44,425 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2000 | 45,229 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2005 | 45,524 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2010 | 45,555 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2015 | 45,924 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2020 | 46,349 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2024 | 46,552 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
Net migration
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View Net migration data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 415 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | 440 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | 450 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | 456 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | 462 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | 0 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | 0 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | 0 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 0 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | 0 | world_bank_wdi |
Sources & Methodology
Current statistical observations include their reference period and provenance. Reference fields from approved source datasets are attributed below. Missing information is left unknown rather than inferred.
| Indicator | Value | Period | Source | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 466,330 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| UN Population Division population estimate | 469,775 | 2026 | UN Population Division Data Portal | Estimated |
| Wikidata population (fallback) | 458,949 | 2023 | Wikidata | Reported |
| International migrant stock (immigrants) | 119,933 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| International migrant stock | 25.9% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| International emigrant stock | 46,552 | 2024 | UN DESA International Migrant Stock 2024 | Estimated |
| Net migration | 0 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Refugees from this country | 5 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Asylum seekers from this country | 170 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Same-sex sexual activity | No No No Illegal since 1908; Penalty: Death by stoning (in abeyance, de jure), 7 year imprisonment and 100 lashes for men (de facto). Caning and 10 years prison for women. | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Same-sex marriage | No No | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Same-sex adoption | No No | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Open military service | No No | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Sexual-orientation anti-discrimination law | No No | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Gender identity / expression law | Laws prohibit forms of gender expression. | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| GDP (current US$) | $15,031,980,994 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| GDP per capita (current US$) | $32,235 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| GDP growth | 0.7% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Inflation, consumer prices | -0.3% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Unemployment | 5.3% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Income level | High income | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Life expectancy at birth | 75.5 years | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Fertility rate | 1.7 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Urban population | 75.0% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Individuals using the Internet | 96.3% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Exports of goods and services | 71.6% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Imports of goods and services | 52.0% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Trade | 123.6% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Adult literacy rate | 96.1% | 2011 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Secondary school enrolment, gross | 91.8% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Government education expenditure | 4.4% | 2016 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Access to electricity | 100.0% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Electric power consumption | 10,674 kWh/person | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Renewable energy consumption | 0.0% | 2021 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Current health expenditure | 2.2% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Infant mortality rate | 8.6 per 1,000 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Forest area | 72.1% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Mobile cellular subscriptions | 118.1 per 100 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Fixed broadband subscriptions | 21.2 per 100 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Secure Internet servers | 16,129 per million | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Latitude | 4.9420° | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Longitude | 114.9460° | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Latitude (Wikidata) | 4.4000° | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Longitude (Wikidata) | 114.5667° | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Time zone | UTC+08:00, Asia/Brunei | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Form of government | unitary state, Islamic state, absolute monarchy | current | Wikidata | Reported |
Data attribution
Credits below are generated from sources actually used by this country profile. Source-specific terms take precedence.
- CIA World Factbook, final 2025 country profile (structured via factbook.json). Accessed September 20, 2026. U.S. Government public-domain data; retained as a reference source where a newer approved field is not available. Source · Terms/licence
- United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, International Migrant Stock 2024; data access/processing via Our World in Data. Accessed September 20, 2026. Underlying UN dataset used under CC BY 3.0 IGO. Source · Terms/licence
- United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, World Population Prospects (WPP indicator 49) Accessed September 19, 2026. Used under CC BY 3.0 IGO; current-year WPP population values are presented as estimates/projections where applicable. Source · Terms/licence
- Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem), Country-Year Dataset v16 (variables: availability) Accessed September 20, 2026. Used under CC BY-SA 4.0; V-Dem measures are expert-coded/modelled and no V-Dem endorsement is implied. Source · Terms/licence
- Wikidata structured data (CC0). Accessed September 20, 2026. Attribution is provided by Knelstrom for provenance although CC0 does not require it. Source · Terms/licence
- Wikipedia, “LGBTQ rights by country or territory” (source revision/data fields: Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Gender identity / expression law, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Open military service, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex adoption, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex marriage, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex sexual activity, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Sexual-orientation anti-discrimination law) Accessed September 20, 2026. Used under CC BY-SA 4.0. Knelstrom changes formatting and presents the imported material as a community-edited legal-status summary, not legal advice or a Knelstrom rights score. Source · Terms/licence
- World Bank, World Development Indicators (series: AG.LND.FRST.ZS, country_metadata, EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS, EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS, EG.USE.ELEC.KH.PC, FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG, IT.CEL.SETS.P2, IT.NET.BBND.P2, IT.NET.SECR.P6, IT.NET.USER.ZS, NE.EXP.GNFS.ZS, NE.IMP.GNFS.ZS, NE.TRD.GNFS.ZS, NY.GDP.MKTP.CD, NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG, NY.GDP.PCAP.CD, SE.ADT.LITR.ZS, SE.SEC.ENRR, SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS, SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS, SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS, SM.POP.ASYS.EO, SM.POP.NETM, SM.POP.RHCR.EO, SM.POP.TOTL, SM.POP.TOTL.ZS, SP.DYN.IMRT.IN, SP.DYN.LE00.IN, SP.DYN.TFRT.IN, SP.POP.TOTL, SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS) Accessed September 20, 2026. Data used under CC BY 4.0; Knelstrom presentation/formatting may differ from the source. Source · Terms/licence
Knelstrom does not imply endorsement by any listed data provider.
Last automated statistical refresh: 2026-09-20 02:05:12