Knelstrom Intelligence · World Factbook
Bhutan
Kingdom of Bhutan
CapitalThimphu
Population796,682
GDP$3.6bn
Area38,394 km²
RegionSouth Asia
Data sources current · last checked September 20, 2026 2:10 am
Country facts
Overview
Background
After Britain’s victory in the 1865 Duar War, Britain and Bhutan signed the Treaty of Sinchulu, under which Bhutan would receive an annual subsidy in exchange for ceding land to British India. Ugyen WANGCHUCK -- who had served as the de facto ruler of an increasingly unified Bhutan and had improved relations with the British toward the end of the 19th century -- was named king in 1907. Three years later, a treaty was signed whereby the British agreed not to interfere in Bhutanese internal affairs, and Bhutan allowed Britain to direct its foreign affairs. Bhutan negotiated a similar arrangement with independent India in 1949. The Indo-Bhutanese Treaty of Friendship returned to Bhutan a small piece of the territory annexed by the British, formalized the annual subsidies the country received, and defined India's responsibilities in defense and foreign relations. Under a succession of modernizing monarchs beginning in the 1950s, Bhutan joined the UN in 1971 and slowly continued its engagement beyond its borders.
In 2005, King Jigme Singye WANGCHUCK unveiled the draft of Bhutan's first constitution -- which introduced major democratic reforms -- and held a national referendum for its approval. The King abdicated the throne in 2006 in favor of his son, Jigme Khesar Namgyel WANGCHUCK. In 2007, India and Bhutan renegotiated their treaty, eliminating the clause that stated that Bhutan would be "guided by" India in conducting its foreign policy, although Thimphu continues to coordinate closely with New Delhi. In 2008, Bhutan held its first parliamentary election in accordance with the constitution. Bhutan experienced a peaceful turnover of power following a parliamentary election in 2013, which resulted in the defeat of the incumbent party. In 2018, the incumbent party again lost the parliamentary election. In 2024, of the more than 100,000 ethnic Nepali -- predominantly Lhotshampa -- refugees who fled or were forced out of Bhutan in the 1990s, about 6,500 remain displaced in Nepal.
Reference: 2024, 2018, 2013, 2008In 2005, King Jigme Singye WANGCHUCK unveiled the draft of Bhutan's first constitution -- which introduced major democratic reforms -- and held a national referendum for its approval. The King abdicated the throne in 2006 in favor of his son, Jigme Khesar Namgyel WANGCHUCK. In 2007, India and Bhutan renegotiated their treaty, eliminating the clause that stated that Bhutan would be "guided by" India in conducting its foreign policy, although Thimphu continues to coordinate closely with New Delhi. In 2008, Bhutan held its first parliamentary election in accordance with the constitution. Bhutan experienced a peaceful turnover of power following a parliamentary election in 2013, which resulted in the defeat of the incumbent party. In 2018, the incumbent party again lost the parliamentary election. In 2024, of the more than 100,000 ethnic Nepali -- predominantly Lhotshampa -- refugees who fled or were forced out of Bhutan in the 1990s, about 6,500 remain displaced in Nepal.
Geography
Location
Southern Asia, between China and India
Map references
Asia
Area
total: 38,394 sq km
land: 38,394 sq km
water: 0 sq km
land: 38,394 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative
slightly larger than Maryland; about one-half the size of Indiana
Land boundaries
total: 1,136 km
border countries: China 477 km; India 659 km
border countries: China 477 km; India 659 km
Coastline
0 km (landlocked)
Maritime claims
none (landlocked)
Climate
varies; tropical in southern plains; cool winters and hot summers in central valleys; severe winters and cool summers in Himalayas
Terrain
mostly mountainous with some fertile valleys and savanna
Elevation
highest point: Gangkar Puensum 7,570 m
lowest point: Drangeme Chhu 97 m
mean elevation: 2,220 m
lowest point: Drangeme Chhu 97 m
mean elevation: 2,220 m
Natural resources
timber, hydropower, gypsum, calcium carbonate
Land use
agricultural land: 13.8% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 2.6% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0.4% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 10.8% (2023 est.)
forest: 70.6% (2023 est.)
other: 15.6% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 2.6% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0.4% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 10.8% (2023 est.)
forest: 70.6% (2023 est.)
other: 15.6% (2023 est.)
Irrigated land
320 sq km (2012)
Reference: 2012Natural hazards
violent storms from the Himalayas are the source of the country's Bhutanese name, which translates as Land of the Thunder Dragon; frequent landslides during the rainy season
Geography - note
landlocked; strategic location between China and India; controls several key Himalayan mountain passes
Population & Society
Nationality
noun: Bhutanese (singular and plural)
adjective: Bhutanese
adjective: Bhutanese
Ethnic groups
Ngalop (also known as Bhote) 50%, ethnic Nepali 35% (predominantly Lhotshampas), indigenous or migrant tribes 15%
Languages
Sharchopkha 28%, Dzongkha (official) 24%, Lhotshamkha 22%, other 26% (includes foreign languages) (2005 est.)
Reference: 2005Religions
Lamaistic Buddhist 75.3%, Indian- and Nepali-influenced Hinduism 22.1%, other 2.6% (2005 est.)
Reference: 2005Age structure
0-14 years: 23.1% (male 104,771/female 99,981)
15-64 years: 70.2% (male 322,497/female 298,324)
65 years and over: 6.7% (2024 est.) (male 30,397/female 28,576)
Reference: 202415-64 years: 70.2% (male 322,497/female 298,324)
65 years and over: 6.7% (2024 est.) (male 30,397/female 28,576)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio: 42.5 (2024 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 33 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 9.5 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio: 10.5 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024youth dependency ratio: 33 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 9.5 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio: 10.5 (2024 est.)
Median age
total: 30.7 years (2024 est.)
male: 31.1 years
female: 30.3 years
Reference: 2024male: 31.1 years
female: 30.3 years
Population growth rate
0.95% (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Birth rate
15.3 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Death rate
5.9 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Major urban areas - population
203,000 THIMPHU (capital) (2018)
Reference: 2018Sex ratio
at birth: 1.05 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.08 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 1.06 male(s)/female
total population: 1.07 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Reference: 20240-14 years: 1.05 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.08 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 1.06 male(s)/female
total population: 1.07 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio
47 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Gross reproduction rate
0.86 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Drinking water source
improved: urban: urban: 99.5% of population (2022 est.)
improved: rural: rural: 98.8% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 99.1% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 0.5% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 1.2% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 0.9% of population (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022improved: rural: rural: 98.8% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 99.1% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 0.5% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 1.2% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 0.9% of population (2022 est.)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 3.8% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 6.7% of national budget (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022, 2021Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 6.7% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
0.55 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
Reference: 2022Hospital bed density
2.2 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Reference: 2021Sanitation facility access
improved: urban: urban: 91.1% of population (2022 est.)
improved: rural: rural: 85.5% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 87.9% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 8.9% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 14.5% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 12.1% of population (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022improved: rural: rural: 85.5% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 87.9% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 8.9% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 14.5% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 12.1% of population (2022 est.)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
6.4% (2016)
Reference: 2016Alcohol consumption per capita
total: 0.07 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer: 0.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 0.05 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Reference: 2019beer: 0.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 0.05 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Tobacco use
total: 18.5% (2025 est.)
male: 26.1% (2025 est.)
female: 9.8% (2025 est.)
male: 26.1% (2025 est.)
female: 9.8% (2025 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight
8.7% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Currently married women (ages 15-49)
62.8% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 13 years (2022 est.)
male: 12 years (2022 est.)
female: 14 years (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022male: 12 years (2022 est.)
female: 14 years (2022 est.)
Migration & Displacement
Immigrant/emigrant stock measures the number of international migrants resident in, or originating from, the country; it is not the same as annual immigration/emigration flows.
Refugees and internally displaced persons
IDPs: 138 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Government & Politics
| Office | Holder | Affiliation | From | Status | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Head of government | Tshering Tobgay | — | 2024-01-28 | Current | Reported |
| Head of state | Jigme Khesar Namgyel Wangchuck | — | 2008-11-06 | Current | Reported |
Country name
conventional long form: Kingdom of Bhutan
conventional short form: Bhutan
local long form: Druk Gyalkhap
local short form: Druk Yul
etymology: name may derive from the Sanskrit words bhoṭa, the name for Tibet, and anta, meaning "end" -- a reference to Bhutan's location at the southernmost end of Tibet; the local Dzongkha name Druk Yul means "Land of the Dragon"
conventional short form: Bhutan
local long form: Druk Gyalkhap
local short form: Druk Yul
etymology: name may derive from the Sanskrit words bhoṭa, the name for Tibet, and anta, meaning "end" -- a reference to Bhutan's location at the southernmost end of Tibet; the local Dzongkha name Druk Yul means "Land of the Dragon"
Capital
name: Thimphu
geographic coordinates: 27 28 N, 89 38 E
time difference: UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: the origins of the name are unclear; the traditional explanation, dating to the 14th century, is that thim means "dissolve" and phu means "rock," in reference to a local deity who dissolved before a traveler's eyes, becoming a part of the rock on which the present city stands
geographic coordinates: 27 28 N, 89 38 E
time difference: UTC+6 (11 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: the origins of the name are unclear; the traditional explanation, dating to the 14th century, is that thim means "dissolve" and phu means "rock," in reference to a local deity who dissolved before a traveler's eyes, becoming a part of the rock on which the present city stands
Administrative divisions
20 districts (dzongkhag, singular and plural); Bumthang, Chhukha, Dagana, Gasa, Haa, Lhuentse, Mongar, Paro, Pemagatshel, Punakha, Samdrup Jongkhar, Samtse, Sarpang, Thimphu, Trashigang, Trashi Yangtse, Trongsa, Tsirang, Wangdue Phodrang, Zhemgang
Legal system
civil law based on Buddhist religious law
Constitution
history: previous governing documents were various royal decrees; first constitution drafted November 2001 to March 2005, ratified 18 July 2008
amendment process: proposed as a motion by simple majority vote in a joint session of Parliament; passage requires at least a three-fourths majority vote in a joint session of the next Parliament and assent by the king
Reference: 2008, 2005, 2001amendment process: proposed as a motion by simple majority vote in a joint session of Parliament; passage requires at least a three-fourths majority vote in a joint session of the next Parliament and assent by the king
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
Citizenship
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Bhutan
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years
citizenship by descent only: the father must be a citizen of Bhutan
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch
chief of state: King Jigme Khesar Namgyel WANGCHUCK (since 14 December 2006)
head of government: Prime Minister Tshering TOBGAY (since 28 January 2024)
cabinet: Council of Ministers or Lhengye Zhungtshog members nominated by the monarch in consultation with the prime minister and approved by the National Assembly; members serve 5-year terms
election/appointment process: the monarchy is hereditary but can be removed by a two-thirds vote of Parliament; leader of the majority party in Parliament is nominated as the prime minister, appointed by the monarch
Reference: 2024, 2006head of government: Prime Minister Tshering TOBGAY (since 28 January 2024)
cabinet: Council of Ministers or Lhengye Zhungtshog members nominated by the monarch in consultation with the prime minister and approved by the National Assembly; members serve 5-year terms
election/appointment process: the monarchy is hereditary but can be removed by a two-thirds vote of Parliament; leader of the majority party in Parliament is nominated as the prime minister, appointed by the monarch
Legislative branch
legislature name: Parliament (Chi Tshog)
legislative structure: bicameral
legislative structure: bicameral
Legislative branch - lower chamber
chamber name: National Assembly (Tshogdu)
number of seats: 47 (all directly elected)
electoral system: plurality/majority
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 5 years
most recent election date: 1/9/2024
parties elected and seats per party: People's Democratic Party (PDP) (30); Bhutan Tendrel Party (BTP) (17)
percentage of women in chamber: 4.3%
expected date of next election: January 2029
Reference: 2029, 2024number of seats: 47 (all directly elected)
electoral system: plurality/majority
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 5 years
most recent election date: 1/9/2024
parties elected and seats per party: People's Democratic Party (PDP) (30); Bhutan Tendrel Party (BTP) (17)
percentage of women in chamber: 4.3%
expected date of next election: January 2029
Legislative branch - upper chamber
chamber name: National Council (Gyelyong Tshogde)
number of seats: 25 (20 directly elected; 5 appointed)
electoral system: plurality/majority
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 0 years
most recent election date: 4/20/2023
parties elected and seats per party: N/A; note - the National Council is not party-based
percentage of women in chamber: 12%
expected date of next election: April 2028
Reference: 2028, 2023number of seats: 25 (20 directly elected; 5 appointed)
electoral system: plurality/majority
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 0 years
most recent election date: 4/20/2023
parties elected and seats per party: N/A; note - the National Council is not party-based
percentage of women in chamber: 12%
expected date of next election: April 2028
Judicial branch
highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 4 associate justices)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the monarch on the advice of the National Judicial Commission, a 4-member body to include the Legislative Committee of the National Assembly, the attorney general, the Chief Justice of Bhutan and the senior Associate Justice of the Supreme Court; other judges (drangpons) appointed by the monarch from among the High Court judges selected by the National Judicial Commission; chief justice serves a 5-year term or until reaching age 65 years, whichever is earlier; the 4 other judges serve 10-year terms or until age 65, whichever is earlier
subordinate courts: High Court (first appellate court); District or Dzongkhag Courts; sub-district or Dungkhag Courts
note: note: the Supreme Court has sole jurisdiction in constitutional matters
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the monarch on the advice of the National Judicial Commission, a 4-member body to include the Legislative Committee of the National Assembly, the attorney general, the Chief Justice of Bhutan and the senior Associate Justice of the Supreme Court; other judges (drangpons) appointed by the monarch from among the High Court judges selected by the National Judicial Commission; chief justice serves a 5-year term or until reaching age 65 years, whichever is earlier; the 4 other judges serve 10-year terms or until age 65, whichever is earlier
subordinate courts: High Court (first appellate court); District or Dzongkhag Courts; sub-district or Dungkhag Courts
note: note: the Supreme Court has sole jurisdiction in constitutional matters
Political parties
Bhutan Peace and Prosperity Party (Druk Phuensum Tshogpa) or DPT
Bhutan Tendrel Party or BTP
Druk Thuendrel Tshogpa or DTT
People's Democratic Party or PDP
United Party of Bhutan (Druk Nyamrup Tshogpa) or DNT
Bhutan Tendrel Party or BTP
Druk Thuendrel Tshogpa or DTT
People's Democratic Party or PDP
United Party of Bhutan (Druk Nyamrup Tshogpa) or DNT
Diplomatic representation in the US
consulate(s) general: 343 East, 43rd Street, New York, NY 10017
telephone: [1] (212) 682-2371
FAX: [1] (212) 661-0551
email address and website:
consulate.pmbny@mfa.gov.bt
https://www.mfa.gov.bt/pmbny/
note: note: Bhutan and the United States do not have diplomatic relations, but the two countries established consular relations on 23 July 1986; the Consulate General of the Kingdom of Bhutan was established in New York with an officer from the Permanent Mission of the Kingdom of Bhutan to the United Nations holding dual accreditation as the Consul General with consular jurisdiction in the US; Phuntsho NORBU has served as the Consul General since October 2022 and is the Deputy Permanent Representative to the UN
Reference: 2022, 1986telephone: [1] (212) 682-2371
FAX: [1] (212) 661-0551
email address and website:
consulate.pmbny@mfa.gov.bt
https://www.mfa.gov.bt/pmbny/
note: note: Bhutan and the United States do not have diplomatic relations, but the two countries established consular relations on 23 July 1986; the Consulate General of the Kingdom of Bhutan was established in New York with an officer from the Permanent Mission of the Kingdom of Bhutan to the United Nations holding dual accreditation as the Consul General with consular jurisdiction in the US; Phuntsho NORBU has served as the Consul General since October 2022 and is the Deputy Permanent Representative to the UN
Diplomatic representation from the US
note: Although Bhutan and the United States have never established formal diplomatic relations, the two countries maintain informal relations via the U.S. Embassy in New Delhi, India, and Bhutan’s Mission to the United Nations in New York
International organization participation
ADB, BIMSTEC, CP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, SAARC, SACEP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
Independence
17 December 1907 (became a unified kingdom under its first hereditary king); 8 August 1949 (Treaty of Friendship with India maintains Bhutanese independence)
Reference: 1949, 1907National holiday
National Day (Ugyen WANGCHUCK became first hereditary king), 17 December (1907)
Reference: 1907Flag
description: divided diagonally from the lower-left corner to the upper-right corner; the upper triangle is yellow, and the lower triangle is dark orange; centered along the dividing line is a large, stylized black-and-white dragon facing to the right; the dragon is called the Druk (Thunder Dragon) and is the national emblem
meaning: white stands for purity, and the jewels in the dragon's claws symbolize wealth; the background colors represent the spiritual and secular powers in Bhutan, with orange standing for Buddhism and yellow for the ruling dynasty
meaning: white stands for purity, and the jewels in the dragon's claws symbolize wealth; the background colors represent the spiritual and secular powers in Bhutan, with orange standing for Buddhism and yellow for the ruling dynasty
National symbol(s)
mythical thunder dragon (druk)
National color(s)
orange, yellow
National anthem(s)
title: "Druk tsendhen" (The Thunder Dragon Kingdom)
lyrics/music: Gyaldun Dasho Thinley DORJI/Aku TONGMI
history: adopted 1953
Reference: 1953lyrics/music: Gyaldun Dasho Thinley DORJI/Aku TONGMI
history: adopted 1953
Government & Official Links
| Institution | Official website | X / Twitter | Verification |
|---|---|---|---|
| Bhutan official website | Official website | — | Reported · source Checked September 20, 2026 |
Institutional accounts only; personal accounts of political office-holders are excluded.
Legislature & Elections
Legislature
| Name | Chamber | Seats | Electoral system |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parliament of Bhutan | — | — | — |
Economy
Economic overview
hydropower investments spurring economic development; Gross National Happiness economy; sharp poverty declines; low inflation; strong monetary and fiscal policies; stable currency; fairly resilient response to COVID-19; key economic and strategic relations with India; climate vulnerabilities
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $11.517 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $10.981 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021: $10.437 billion (2021 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Reference: 2023, 2022, 2021Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $10.981 billion (2022 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2021: $10.437 billion (2021 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP per capita
Real GDP per capita 2023: $14,600 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $14,100 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2021: $13,500 (2021 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Reference: 2023, 2022, 2021Real GDP per capita 2022: $14,100 (2022 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2021: $13,500 (2021 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
agriculture: 15% (2023 est.)
industry: 29.6% (2023 est.)
services: 52.7% (2023 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
Reference: 2023industry: 29.6% (2023 est.)
services: 52.7% (2023 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
GDP - composition, by end use
household consumption: 59.4% (2023 est.)
government consumption: 20.3% (2023 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 44.5% (2023 est.)
investment in inventories: 0.7% (2023 est.)
exports of goods and services: 28.3% (2023 est.)
imports of goods and services: -53.2% (2023 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Reference: 2023government consumption: 20.3% (2023 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 44.5% (2023 est.)
investment in inventories: 0.7% (2023 est.)
exports of goods and services: 28.3% (2023 est.)
imports of goods and services: -53.2% (2023 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Agricultural products
rice, milk, potatoes, root vegetables, maize, oranges, areca nuts, chillies/peppers, pumpkins/squash, carrots/turnips (2023)
note: note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Reference: 2023note: note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Industries
cement, wood products, processed fruits, alcoholic beverages, calcium carbide, tourism
Industrial production growth rate
0% (2023 est.)
note: note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Reference: 2023note: note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Labor force
406,500 (2024 est.)
note: note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Reference: 2024note: note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
total: 13.8% (2024 est.)
male: 11.2% (2024 est.)
female: 16.5% (2024 est.)
note: note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Reference: 2024male: 11.2% (2024 est.)
female: 16.5% (2024 est.)
note: note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Population below poverty line
12.4% (2022 est.)
note: note: % of population with income below national poverty line
Reference: 2022note: note: % of population with income below national poverty line
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022: 28.5 (2022 est.)
note: note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
Reference: 2022note: note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
Household income or consumption by percentage share
lowest 10%: 3.6% (2022 est.)
highest 10%: 22.7% (2022 est.)
note: note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
Reference: 2022highest 10%: 22.7% (2022 est.)
note: note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
Remittances
Remittances 2023: 3.6% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2022: 3.3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2021: 2.6% of GDP (2021 est.)
note: note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Reference: 2023, 2022, 2021Remittances 2022: 3.3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2021: 2.6% of GDP (2021 est.)
note: note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Budget
revenues: $740.328 million (2020 est.)
expenditures: $802.177 million (2020 est.)
note: note: central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Reference: 2020expenditures: $802.177 million (2020 est.)
note: note: central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Public debt
Public debt 2020: 111% of GDP (2020 est.)
note: note: central government debt as a % of GDP
Reference: 2020note: note: central government debt as a % of GDP
Taxes and other revenues
12.3% (of GDP) (2020 est.)
note: note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
Reference: 2020note: note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
Current account balance
Current account balance 2024: -$669.766 million (2024 est.)
Current account balance 2023: -$963.122 million (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: -$805.723 million (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Current account balance 2023: -$963.122 million (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: -$805.723 million (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
Exports 2024: $944.391 million (2024 est.)
Exports 2023: $867.871 million (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $791.342 million (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Exports 2023: $867.871 million (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $791.342 million (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - partners
India 92%, Italy 4%, Indonesia 1%, China 1%, Singapore 0% (2023)
note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Exports - commodities
iron alloys, aircraft, dolomite, semi-finished iron, cement (2023)
note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports
Imports 2024: $1.513 billion (2024 est.)
Imports 2023: $1.77 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $1.581 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Imports 2023: $1.77 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $1.581 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - partners
India 82%, Singapore 8%, China 5%, Thailand 2%, Indonesia 1% (2023)
note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Imports - commodities
refined petroleum, gold, plastics, broadcasting equipment, iron reductions (2023)
note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024: $941.018 million (2024 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $654.481 million (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $825.755 million (2022 est.)
note: note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $654.481 million (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $825.755 million (2022 est.)
note: note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Debt - external
Debt - external 2023: $2.827 billion (2023 est.)
note: note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
Exchange rates
Currency: ngultrum (BTN) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2024: 83.669 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 82.599 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 78.604 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 73.918 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020: 74.1 (2020 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Exchange rates 2024: 83.669 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 82.599 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 78.604 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 73.918 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020: 74.1 (2020 est.)
Trade
Current account balance
Current account balance 2024: -$669.766 million (2024 est.)
Current account balance 2023: -$963.122 million (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: -$805.723 million (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Current account balance 2023: -$963.122 million (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: -$805.723 million (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
Exports 2024: $944.391 million (2024 est.)
Exports 2023: $867.871 million (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $791.342 million (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Exports 2023: $867.871 million (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $791.342 million (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - partners
India 92%, Italy 4%, Indonesia 1%, China 1%, Singapore 0% (2023)
note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Exports - commodities
iron alloys, aircraft, dolomite, semi-finished iron, cement (2023)
note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports
Imports 2024: $1.513 billion (2024 est.)
Imports 2023: $1.77 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $1.581 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Imports 2023: $1.77 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $1.581 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - partners
India 82%, Singapore 8%, China 5%, Thailand 2%, Indonesia 1% (2023)
note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Imports - commodities
refined petroleum, gold, plastics, broadcasting equipment, iron reductions (2023)
note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Energy & Resources
Electricity
installed generating capacity: 2.344 million kW (2023 est.)
consumption: 11.914 billion kWh (2023 est.)
exports: 6 billion kWh (2020 est.)
imports: 834.7 million kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 86.681 million kWh (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023, 2020consumption: 11.914 billion kWh (2023 est.)
exports: 6 billion kWh (2020 est.)
imports: 834.7 million kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 86.681 million kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources
hydroelectricity: 100% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Coal
production: 4,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
consumption: 105,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
exports: 54 metric tons (2023 est.)
imports: 122,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023consumption: 105,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
exports: 54 metric tons (2023 est.)
imports: 122,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Petroleum
refined petroleum consumption: 4,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Energy consumption per capita
Total energy consumption per capita 2023: 64.082 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Infrastructure
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 18,000 (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 2 (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 2 (2023 est.)
Health
Maternal mortality ratio
47 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 3.8% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 6.7% of national budget (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022, 2021Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 6.7% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
0.55 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
Reference: 2022Hospital bed density
2.2 beds/1,000 population (2021 est.)
Reference: 2021Obesity - adult prevalence rate
6.4% (2016)
Reference: 2016Tobacco use
total: 18.5% (2025 est.)
male: 26.1% (2025 est.)
female: 9.8% (2025 est.)
male: 26.1% (2025 est.)
female: 9.8% (2025 est.)
Education
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 13 years (2022 est.)
male: 12 years (2022 est.)
female: 14 years (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022male: 12 years (2022 est.)
female: 14 years (2022 est.)
Rights, Freedoms & Society
Press & Media Freedom
V-Dem expert-coded/modelled source measures. Knelstrom does not create a press-freedom ranking or composite score.
LGBTQ+ Rights & Law
Concrete legal-status fields only; Knelstrom does not generate an LGBTQ rights score or country ranking.
Source: Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory (CC BY-SA 4.0). Community-edited legal-status summary; retrieved by Knelstrom and not legal advice.
Crime & Justice
Legal system
civil law based on Buddhist religious law
Judicial branch
highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of the chief justice and 4 associate justices)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the monarch on the advice of the National Judicial Commission, a 4-member body to include the Legislative Committee of the National Assembly, the attorney general, the Chief Justice of Bhutan and the senior Associate Justice of the Supreme Court; other judges (drangpons) appointed by the monarch from among the High Court judges selected by the National Judicial Commission; chief justice serves a 5-year term or until reaching age 65 years, whichever is earlier; the 4 other judges serve 10-year terms or until age 65, whichever is earlier
subordinate courts: High Court (first appellate court); District or Dzongkhag Courts; sub-district or Dungkhag Courts
note: note: the Supreme Court has sole jurisdiction in constitutional matters
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court chief justice appointed by the monarch on the advice of the National Judicial Commission, a 4-member body to include the Legislative Committee of the National Assembly, the attorney general, the Chief Justice of Bhutan and the senior Associate Justice of the Supreme Court; other judges (drangpons) appointed by the monarch from among the High Court judges selected by the National Judicial Commission; chief justice serves a 5-year term or until reaching age 65 years, whichever is earlier; the 4 other judges serve 10-year terms or until age 65, whichever is earlier
subordinate courts: High Court (first appellate court); District or Dzongkhag Courts; sub-district or Dungkhag Courts
note: note: the Supreme Court has sole jurisdiction in constitutional matters
Military & Security
Military and security forces
Royal Bhutan Army (RBA; includes Royal Bodyguard of Bhutan, or RBG, and an air wing); National Militia
Ministry of Home and Cultural Affairs: Royal Bhutan Police (2025)
Ministry of Home and Cultural Affairs: Royal Bhutan Police (2025)
Military and security service personnel strengths
estimated 7-8,000 active Royal Bhutan Army (2025)
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
the Royal Bhutan Army is lightly armed; it has a small amount of heavy equipment, such as armored cars and helicopters, originating from India and Thailand (2024)
Reference: 2024Military service age and obligation
18 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; no conscription; militia training is compulsory for males aged 20-25, over a 3-year period (2023)
note: note: in 2021, the Royal Bhutan Army graduated from a year-long training course the first batch of 150 women to be allowed to serve in combat roles; previously, women were allowed to serve in medical and other non-combat roles
Reference: 2023, 2021note: note: in 2021, the Royal Bhutan Army graduated from a year-long training course the first batch of 150 women to be allowed to serve in combat roles; previously, women were allowed to serve in medical and other non-combat roles
Military deployments
190 Central African Republic (MINUSCA) (2024)
Reference: 2024Military - note
the Army is responsible for external threats but also has some internal security functions such as conducting counterinsurgency operations, guarding forests, and providing security for prominent persons; Bhutan's closest security partner is India; under the 2007 India-Bhutan Friendship Treaty, both countries agreed to cooperate closely on issues relating to their national interests (2025)
Reference: 2025, 2007International Relations
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
Diplomatic representation in the US
consulate(s) general: 343 East, 43rd Street, New York, NY 10017
telephone: [1] (212) 682-2371
FAX: [1] (212) 661-0551
email address and website:
consulate.pmbny@mfa.gov.bt
https://www.mfa.gov.bt/pmbny/
note: note: Bhutan and the United States do not have diplomatic relations, but the two countries established consular relations on 23 July 1986; the Consulate General of the Kingdom of Bhutan was established in New York with an officer from the Permanent Mission of the Kingdom of Bhutan to the United Nations holding dual accreditation as the Consul General with consular jurisdiction in the US; Phuntsho NORBU has served as the Consul General since October 2022 and is the Deputy Permanent Representative to the UN
Reference: 2022, 1986telephone: [1] (212) 682-2371
FAX: [1] (212) 661-0551
email address and website:
consulate.pmbny@mfa.gov.bt
https://www.mfa.gov.bt/pmbny/
note: note: Bhutan and the United States do not have diplomatic relations, but the two countries established consular relations on 23 July 1986; the Consulate General of the Kingdom of Bhutan was established in New York with an officer from the Permanent Mission of the Kingdom of Bhutan to the United Nations holding dual accreditation as the Consul General with consular jurisdiction in the US; Phuntsho NORBU has served as the Consul General since October 2022 and is the Deputy Permanent Representative to the UN
Diplomatic representation from the US
note: Although Bhutan and the United States have never established formal diplomatic relations, the two countries maintain informal relations via the U.S. Embassy in New Delhi, India, and Bhutan’s Mission to the United Nations in New York
International organization participation
ADB, BIMSTEC, CP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, SAARC, SACEP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
Treaties & Organisations
| Organisation | Status | Joined |
|---|---|---|
| United Nations (UN) | member | 1971-09-21 |
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
International organization participation
ADB, BIMSTEC, CP, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IMF, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OPCW, SAARC, SACEP, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNISFA, UNTSO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
Conflict & Security
Refugees and internally displaced persons
IDPs: 138 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Transportation & Logistics
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
A5
Airports
4 (2025)
Heliports
8 (2025)
Environment
Environmental issues
soil erosion; limited access to potable water; wildlife conservation; industrial pollution; waste disposal
International environmental agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
signed, but not ratified: Law of the Sea
Climate
varies; tropical in southern plains; cool winters and hot summers in central valleys; severe winters and cool summers in Himalayas
Land use
agricultural land: 13.8% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 2.6% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0.4% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 10.8% (2023 est.)
forest: 70.6% (2023 est.)
other: 15.6% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 2.6% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0.4% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 10.8% (2023 est.)
forest: 70.6% (2023 est.)
other: 15.6% (2023 est.)
Urbanization
urban population: 44.4% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 2.52% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Reference: 2023, 2020rate of urbanization: 2.52% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions
total emissions: 733,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke: 241,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids: 492,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023from coal and metallurgical coke: 241,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids: 492,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Particulate matter emissions
26.4 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Reference: 2019Waste and recycling
municipal solid waste generated annually: 111,300 tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 1.7% (2022 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2022percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 1.7% (2022 est.)
Total water withdrawal
municipal: 17 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
industrial: 3 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
agricultural: 318 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022industrial: 3 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
agricultural: 318 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Total renewable water resources
78 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022Communications & Media
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 18,000 (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 2 (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 2 (2023 est.)
Broadcast media
state-owned TV station established in 1999; cable TV service offers dozens of Indian and other international channels; first radio station, privately launched in 1973, is now state-owned; 5 private radio stations are currently broadcasting (2012)
Reference: 2012, 1999, 1973Internet country code
.bt
Historical Trends
Population
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View Population data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 747,866 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | 754,335 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | 759,759 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | 764,824 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | 770,006 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | 775,442 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | 780,914 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | 786,385 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 791,524 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | 796,682 | world_bank_wdi |
GDP (current US$)
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View GDP (current US$) data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | $2,357,504,761 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | $2,591,358,009 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | $2,583,335,722 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | $2,735,683,570 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | $2,457,604,334 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | $2,768,802,960 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | $2,898,227,744 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | $3,012,896,790 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | $3,346,603,859 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | $3,579,320,145 | world_bank_wdi |
International migrant stock (immigrants)
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View International migrant stock (immigrants) data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 53,612 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 55,705 | world_bank_wdi |
International emigrant stock
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View International emigrant stock data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 27,169 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 1995 | 117,210 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2000 | 119,788 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2005 | 117,140 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2010 | 88,335 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2015 | 47,807 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2020 | 52,339 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2024 | 66,145 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
Net migration
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View Net migration data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 1,116 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | 287 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | 287 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | 287 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | 287 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | 287 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | 291 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | 291 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | -277 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | 455 | world_bank_wdi |
Sources & Methodology
Current statistical observations include their reference period and provenance. Reference fields from approved source datasets are attributed below. Missing information is left unknown rather than inferred.
| Indicator | Value | Period | Source | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 796,682 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| UN Population Division population estimate | 802,214 | 2026 | UN Population Division Data Portal | Estimated |
| Wikidata population (fallback) | 787,424 | 2023 | Wikidata | Reported |
| International migrant stock (immigrants) | 55,705 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| International migrant stock | 7.0% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| International emigrant stock | 66,145 | 2024 | UN DESA International Migrant Stock 2024 | Estimated |
| Net migration | 455 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Refugees from this country | 7,257 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Asylum seekers from this country | 77 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Freedom of expression & alternative information index | 0.682 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Government censorship effort — media | 1.241 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Harassment of journalists | 0.968 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Print/broadcast media critical of government | 0.845 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Range of perspectives in major media | 0.657 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Media bias | 1.632 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Media self-censorship | -0.848 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Same-sex sexual activity | Yes Yes Legal until 2004, again since 2021 | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Recognition of same-sex relationships | No No | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Same-sex marriage | No No | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Same-sex adoption | No No | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Open military service | No No | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Sexual-orientation anti-discrimination law | Yes Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Gender identity / expression law | Yes Yes Transgender people allowed to change legal gender without surgery | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| GDP (current US$) | $3,579,320,145 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| GDP per capita (current US$) | $4,493 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| GDP growth | 8.0% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Inflation, consumer prices | 3.6% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Unemployment | 3.2% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Income level | Lower middle income | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Life expectancy at birth | 73.3 years | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Fertility rate | 1.4 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Urban population | 43.4% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Individuals using the Internet | 91.3% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Exports of goods and services | 31.5% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Imports of goods and services | 47.9% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Trade | 79.4% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Adult literacy rate | 64.9% | 2022 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Secondary school enrolment, gross | 86.2% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Government education expenditure | 5.8% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Access to electricity | 100.0% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Renewable energy consumption | 82.5% | 2022 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Current health expenditure | 4.4% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Infant mortality rate | 13.7 per 1,000 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Forest area | 71.6% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Mobile cellular subscriptions | 99.8 per 100 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Fixed broadband subscriptions | 2.9 per 100 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Secure Internet servers | 1,339 per million | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Latitude | 27.5768° | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Longitude | 89.6177° | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Latitude (Wikidata) | 27.4500° | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Longitude (Wikidata) | 90.5000° | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Time zone | UTC+06:00, Asia/Thimphu | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Form of government | constitutional monarchy | current | Wikidata | Reported |
Data attribution
Credits below are generated from sources actually used by this country profile. Source-specific terms take precedence.
- CIA World Factbook, final 2025 country profile (structured via factbook.json). Accessed September 20, 2026. U.S. Government public-domain data; retained as a reference source where a newer approved field is not available. Source · Terms/licence
- United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, International Migrant Stock 2024; data access/processing via Our World in Data. Accessed September 20, 2026. Underlying UN dataset used under CC BY 3.0 IGO. Source · Terms/licence
- United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, World Population Prospects (WPP indicator 49) Accessed September 19, 2026. Used under CC BY 3.0 IGO; current-year WPP population values are presented as estimates/projections where applicable. Source · Terms/licence
- Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem), Country-Year Dataset v16 (variables: v2mebias, v2mecenefm, v2mecrit, v2meharjrn, v2merange, v2meslfcen, v2x_freexp_altinf) Accessed September 20, 2026. Used under CC BY-SA 4.0; V-Dem measures are expert-coded/modelled and no V-Dem endorsement is implied. Source · Terms/licence
- Wikidata structured data (CC0). Accessed September 20, 2026. Attribution is provided by Knelstrom for provenance although CC0 does not require it. Source · Terms/licence
- Wikipedia, “LGBTQ rights by country or territory” (source revision/data fields: Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Gender identity / expression law, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Open military service, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Recognition of same-sex relationships, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex adoption, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex marriage, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex sexual activity, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Sexual-orientation anti-discrimination law) Accessed September 20, 2026. Used under CC BY-SA 4.0. Knelstrom changes formatting and presents the imported material as a community-edited legal-status summary, not legal advice or a Knelstrom rights score. Source · Terms/licence
- World Bank, World Development Indicators (series: AG.LND.FRST.ZS, country_metadata, EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS, EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS, FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG, IT.CEL.SETS.P2, IT.NET.BBND.P2, IT.NET.SECR.P6, IT.NET.USER.ZS, NE.EXP.GNFS.ZS, NE.IMP.GNFS.ZS, NE.TRD.GNFS.ZS, NY.GDP.MKTP.CD, NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG, NY.GDP.PCAP.CD, SE.ADT.LITR.ZS, SE.SEC.ENRR, SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS, SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS, SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS, SM.POP.ASYS.EO, SM.POP.NETM, SM.POP.RHCR.EO, SM.POP.TOTL, SM.POP.TOTL.ZS, SP.DYN.IMRT.IN, SP.DYN.LE00.IN, SP.DYN.TFRT.IN, SP.POP.TOTL, SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS) Accessed September 20, 2026. Data used under CC BY 4.0; Knelstrom presentation/formatting may differ from the source. Source · Terms/licence
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Last automated statistical refresh: 2026-09-20 02:05:12