Knelstrom Intelligence · World Factbook
Togo
CapitalLomé
Population8,591,626
GDP$11.9bn
Area56,785 km²
RegionSub-Saharan Africa
Data sources current · last checked September 20, 2026 2:11 am
Country facts
Overview
Background
From the 11th to the 16th centuries, various ethnic groups settled the Togo region. From the 16th to the 18th centuries, the coastal region became a major trading center for enslaved people, and the surrounding region took on the name of "The Slave Coast." In 1884, Germany declared the area a protectorate called Togoland, which included present-day Togo. After World War I, colonial rule over Togo was transferred to France. French Togoland became Togo upon independence in 1960.
Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA, installed as military ruler in 1967, ruled Togo with a heavy hand for almost four decades. Despite the facade of multi-party elections instituted in the early 1990s, EYADEMA largely dominated the government. His Rally of the Togolese People (RPT) party has been in power almost continually since 1967, with its successor, the Union for the Republic, maintaining a majority of seats in today's legislature. Upon EYADEMA's death in 2005, the military installed his son, Faure GNASSINGBE, as president and then engineered his formal election two months later. Togo held its first relatively free and fair legislative elections in 2007. Since then, GNASSINGBE has started the country along a gradual path to democratic reform. Togo has held multiple presidential and legislative elections, and in 2019, the country held its first local elections in 32 years.
Despite those positive moves, political reconciliation has moved slowly, and the country experiences periodic outbursts of protests from frustrated citizens, leading to violence between security forces and protesters. Constitutional changes in 2019 to institute a runoff system in presidential elections and to establish term limits have done little to reduce the resentment many Togolese feel after more than 50 years of one-family rule. GNASSINGBE became eligible for his current fourth term and one additional fifth term under the new rules. The next presidential election is set for 2025.
Reference: 2025, 2019, 2007, 2005Gen. Gnassingbe EYADEMA, installed as military ruler in 1967, ruled Togo with a heavy hand for almost four decades. Despite the facade of multi-party elections instituted in the early 1990s, EYADEMA largely dominated the government. His Rally of the Togolese People (RPT) party has been in power almost continually since 1967, with its successor, the Union for the Republic, maintaining a majority of seats in today's legislature. Upon EYADEMA's death in 2005, the military installed his son, Faure GNASSINGBE, as president and then engineered his formal election two months later. Togo held its first relatively free and fair legislative elections in 2007. Since then, GNASSINGBE has started the country along a gradual path to democratic reform. Togo has held multiple presidential and legislative elections, and in 2019, the country held its first local elections in 32 years.
Despite those positive moves, political reconciliation has moved slowly, and the country experiences periodic outbursts of protests from frustrated citizens, leading to violence between security forces and protesters. Constitutional changes in 2019 to institute a runoff system in presidential elections and to establish term limits have done little to reduce the resentment many Togolese feel after more than 50 years of one-family rule. GNASSINGBE became eligible for his current fourth term and one additional fifth term under the new rules. The next presidential election is set for 2025.
Geography
Location
Western Africa, bordering the Bight of Benin, between Benin and Ghana
Map references
Africa
Area
total: 56,785 sq km
land: 54,385 sq km
water: 2,400 sq km
land: 54,385 sq km
water: 2,400 sq km
Area - comparative
slightly smaller than West Virginia
Land boundaries
total: 1,880 km
border countries: Benin 651 km; Burkina Faso 131 km; Ghana 1,098 km
border countries: Benin 651 km; Burkina Faso 131 km; Ghana 1,098 km
Coastline
56 km
Maritime claims
territorial sea: 30 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
note: note: the US does not recognize the territorial sea claim
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
note: note: the US does not recognize the territorial sea claim
Climate
tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north
Terrain
gently rolling savanna in north; central hills; southern plateau; low coastal plain with extensive lagoons and marshes
Elevation
highest point: Mont Agou 986 m
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
mean elevation: 236 m
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
mean elevation: 236 m
Natural resources
phosphates, limestone, marble, arable land
Land use
agricultural land: 70.2% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 48.7% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 3.1% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 18.4% (2023 est.)
forest: 22.4% (2023 est.)
other: 7.4% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 48.7% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 3.1% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 18.4% (2023 est.)
forest: 22.4% (2023 est.)
other: 7.4% (2023 est.)
Irrigated land
70 sq km (2012)
Reference: 2012Major watersheds (area sq km)
Atlantic Ocean drainage: Volta (410,991 sq km)
Population distribution
one of the more densely populated African nations, with most of the population residing in rural communities; density is highest in the south on or near the Atlantic coast, as shown in this population distribution map
Natural hazards
hot, dry harmattan wind can reduce visibility in north during winter; periodic droughts
Geography - note
stretches through six distinct geographic regions; climate varies from tropical to savanna
Population & Society
Nationality
noun: Togolese (singular and plural)
adjective: Togolese
adjective: Togolese
Ethnic groups
Adja-Ewe/Mina 42.4%, Kabye/Tem 25.9%, Para-Gourma/Akan 17.1%, Akposso/Akebu 4.1%, Ana-Ife 3.2%, other Togolese 1.7%, foreigners 5.2%, no response 0.4% (2013-14 est.)
note: note: Togo has an estimated 37 ethnic groups
Reference: 2013note: note: Togo has an estimated 37 ethnic groups
Languages
French (official, language of commerce), Ewe and Mina (in the south), Kabye (sometimes spelled Kabiye) and Dagomba (in the north)
Religions
Christian 42.3%, folk religion 36.9%, Muslim 14%, Hindu
Age structure
0-14 years: 38.7% (male 1,749,533/female 1,699,084)
15-64 years: 57% (male 2,486,142/female 2,597,914)
65 years and over: 4.3% (2024 est.) (male 159,596/female 225,725)
Reference: 202415-64 years: 57% (male 2,486,142/female 2,597,914)
65 years and over: 4.3% (2024 est.) (male 159,596/female 225,725)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio: 75.4 (2024 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 67.8 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 7.6 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio: 13.2 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024youth dependency ratio: 67.8 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 7.6 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio: 13.2 (2024 est.)
Median age
total: 20.7 years (2024 est.)
male: 19.9 years
female: 21.4 years
Reference: 2024male: 19.9 years
female: 21.4 years
Population growth rate
2.41% (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Birth rate
30.9 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Death rate
5.1 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Population distribution
one of the more densely populated African nations, with most of the population residing in rural communities; density is highest in the south on or near the Atlantic coast, as shown in this population distribution map
Major urban areas - population
1.982 million LOME (capital) (2023)
Reference: 2023Sex ratio
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female
total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Reference: 20240-14 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.71 male(s)/female
total population: 0.97 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth
25 years (2017 est.)
note: note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-29
Reference: 2017note: note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-29
Maternal mortality ratio
349 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Gross reproduction rate
2.03 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Drinking water source
improved: urban: urban: 87% of population (2022 est.)
improved: rural: rural: 58.5% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 71% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 13% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 41.5% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 29% of population (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022improved: rural: rural: 58.5% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 71% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 13% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 41.5% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 29% of population (2022 est.)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 5.6% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 2.6% of national budget (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022, 2021Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 2.6% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
0.08 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
Reference: 2022Hospital bed density
0.6 beds/1,000 population (2019 est.)
Reference: 2019Sanitation facility access
improved: urban: urban: 82% of population (2022 est.)
improved: rural: rural: 19.2% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 46.7% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 18% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 80.8% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 53.3% of population (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022improved: rural: rural: 19.2% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 46.7% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 18% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 80.8% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 53.3% of population (2022 est.)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
8.4% (2016)
Reference: 2016Alcohol consumption per capita
total: 1.4 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer: 0.78 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 0.09 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 0.2 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0.33 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Reference: 2019beer: 0.78 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 0.09 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 0.2 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0.33 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Tobacco use
total: 5% (2025 est.)
male: 9.3% (2025 est.)
female: 0.7% (2025 est.)
male: 9.3% (2025 est.)
female: 0.7% (2025 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight
15.2% (2017 est.)
Reference: 2017Currently married women (ages 15-49)
62% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Child marriage
women married by age 15: 6.4% (2017)
women married by age 18: 24.8% (2017)
men married by age 18: 2.6% (2017)
Reference: 2017women married by age 18: 24.8% (2017)
men married by age 18: 2.6% (2017)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 12 years (2017 est.)
male: 13 years (2017 est.)
female: 11 years (2017 est.)
Reference: 2017male: 13 years (2017 est.)
female: 11 years (2017 est.)
Migration & Displacement
Immigrant/emigrant stock measures the number of international migrants resident in, or originating from, the country; it is not the same as annual immigration/emigration flows.
Refugees and internally displaced persons
refugees: 48,756 (2024 est.)
IDPs: 18,429 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024IDPs: 18,429 (2024 est.)
Government & Politics
| Office | Holder | Affiliation | From | Status | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Head of state | Jean-Lucien Savi de Tové | — | 2025-05-03 | Current | Reported |
| Head of government | Faure Essozimna Gnassingbé | — | 2025-05-03 | Current | Reported |
Country name
conventional long form: Togolese Republic
conventional short form: Togo
local long form: République Togolaise
local short form: none
former: French Togoland
etymology: the name derives from the town of Togodo (now Togoville) on the northern shore of Lake Togo; the town's name probably comes from the lake's name, which is composed of the Ewe words to ("water") and go ("shore")
conventional short form: Togo
local long form: République Togolaise
local short form: none
former: French Togoland
etymology: the name derives from the town of Togodo (now Togoville) on the northern shore of Lake Togo; the town's name probably comes from the lake's name, which is composed of the Ewe words to ("water") and go ("shore")
Government type
presidential republic
Capital
name: Lome
geographic coordinates: 6 07 N, 1 13 E
time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: the name comes from a local word meaning "little market"
geographic coordinates: 6 07 N, 1 13 E
time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: the name comes from a local word meaning "little market"
Administrative divisions
5 regions (régions, singular - région); Centrale, Kara, Maritime, Plateaux, Savanes
Legal system
customary law system
Constitution
history: several previous; latest adopted 27 September 1992, effective 14 October 1992; revised 6 May 2024
amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic or supported by at least one fifth of the National Assembly membership; passage requires four-fifths majority vote by the Assembly; a referendum is required if approved by only two-thirds majority of the Assembly or if requested by the president; constitutional articles on the republican and secular form of government cannot be amended
Reference: 2024, 1992amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic or supported by at least one fifth of the National Assembly membership; passage requires four-fifths majority vote by the Assembly; a referendum is required if approved by only two-thirds majority of the Assembly or if requested by the president; constitutional articles on the republican and secular form of government cannot be amended
International law organization participation
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; non-party state to the ICCt
Citizenship
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Togo
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Togo
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch
chief of state: President Jean-Lucien Kwassi Savi de TOVE (since 3 May 2025)
head of government: President of Council of Ministers Faure GNASSINGBE (since 3 May 2025)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the advice of the president of the council of ministers
election/appointment process: president is appointed by the national assembly for one six-year term; the president of the council of ministers is the leader of the majority party in the national assembly and is confirmed by the Constitutional Court with no term limits
election results: 2020: Faure GNASSINGBE reelected president; percent of vote - Faure GNASSINGBE (UNIR) 70.8%, Agbeyome KODJO (MPDD) 19.5%, Jean-Pierre FABRE (ANC) 4.7%, other 5%
2015: Faure GNASSINGBE reelected president; percent of vote - Faure GNASSINGBE (UNIR) 58.8%, Jean-Pierre FABRE (ANC) 35.2%, Tchaboure GOGUE (ADDI) 4%, other 2%
note: note: in May 2024, the President signed into law changes to the constitution that converted the presidential system to a parliamentary republic and created the President of Council of Ministers position
Reference: 2025, 2024, 2020, 2015head of government: President of Council of Ministers Faure GNASSINGBE (since 3 May 2025)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the advice of the president of the council of ministers
election/appointment process: president is appointed by the national assembly for one six-year term; the president of the council of ministers is the leader of the majority party in the national assembly and is confirmed by the Constitutional Court with no term limits
election results: 2020: Faure GNASSINGBE reelected president; percent of vote - Faure GNASSINGBE (UNIR) 70.8%, Agbeyome KODJO (MPDD) 19.5%, Jean-Pierre FABRE (ANC) 4.7%, other 5%
2015: Faure GNASSINGBE reelected president; percent of vote - Faure GNASSINGBE (UNIR) 58.8%, Jean-Pierre FABRE (ANC) 35.2%, Tchaboure GOGUE (ADDI) 4%, other 2%
note: note: in May 2024, the President signed into law changes to the constitution that converted the presidential system to a parliamentary republic and created the President of Council of Ministers position
Legislative branch
legislature name: Parliament
legislative structure: bicameral
note: note: party lists are required to contain equal numbers of men and women
legislative structure: bicameral
note: note: party lists are required to contain equal numbers of men and women
Legislative branch - lower chamber
chamber name: National Assembly (Assemblée nationale)
number of seats: 113 (all directly elected)
electoral system: proportional representation
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 6 years
most recent election date: 4/29/2024
parties elected and seats per party: Union for the Republic (UNIR) (108); Other (5)
percentage of women in chamber: 15%
expected date of next election: April 2030
Reference: 2030, 2024number of seats: 113 (all directly elected)
electoral system: proportional representation
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 6 years
most recent election date: 4/29/2024
parties elected and seats per party: Union for the Republic (UNIR) (108); Other (5)
percentage of women in chamber: 15%
expected date of next election: April 2030
Legislative branch - upper chamber
chamber name: Senate (Sénat)
number of seats: 61 (41 directly elected; 20 appointed)
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 6 years
most recent election date: 2/15/2025
parties elected and seats per party: Union for the Republic (UNIR) (34); Independents (3); Other (4)
percentage of women in chamber: 24.6%
expected date of next election: February 2031
Reference: 2031, 2025number of seats: 61 (41 directly elected; 20 appointed)
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 6 years
most recent election date: 2/15/2025
parties elected and seats per party: Union for the Republic (UNIR) (34); Independents (3); Other (4)
percentage of women in chamber: 24.6%
expected date of next election: February 2031
Judicial branch
highest court(s): Supreme Court or Cour Suprême (organized into criminal and administrative chambers, each with a chamber president and advisors); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges, including the court president)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court president appointed by decree of the president of the republic on the proposal of the Supreme Council of the Magistracy, a 9-member judicial, advisory, and disciplinary body; other judicial appointments and judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the National Assembly; judge tenure NA
subordinate courts: Court of Assizes (sessions court); Appeal Court; tribunals of first instance (divided into civil, commercial, and correctional chambers; Court of State Security; military tribunal
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court president appointed by decree of the president of the republic on the proposal of the Supreme Council of the Magistracy, a 9-member judicial, advisory, and disciplinary body; other judicial appointments and judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the National Assembly; judge tenure NA
subordinate courts: Court of Assizes (sessions court); Appeal Court; tribunals of first instance (divided into civil, commercial, and correctional chambers; Court of State Security; military tribunal
Political parties
Action Committee for Renewal or CAR
Alliance of Democrats for Integral Development or ADDI
Democratic Convention of African Peoples or CDPA
Democratic Forces for the Republic or FDR
National Alliance for Change or ANC
New Togolese Commitment
Pan-African National Party or PNP
Pan-African Patriotic Convergence or CPP
Patriotic Movement for Democracy and Development or MPDD
Socialist Pact for Renewal or PSR
The Togolese Party
Union of Forces for Change or UFC
Union for the Republic or UNIR
Alliance of Democrats for Integral Development or ADDI
Democratic Convention of African Peoples or CDPA
Democratic Forces for the Republic or FDR
National Alliance for Change or ANC
New Togolese Commitment
Pan-African National Party or PNP
Pan-African Patriotic Convergence or CPP
Patriotic Movement for Democracy and Development or MPDD
Socialist Pact for Renewal or PSR
The Togolese Party
Union of Forces for Change or UFC
Union for the Republic or UNIR
Diplomatic representation in the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Frédéric Edem HEGBE (since 24 April 2017)
chancery: 2208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 234-4212
FAX: [1] (202) 232-3190
email address and website: embassyoftogo@hotmail.com
https://embassyoftogousa.com/
Reference: 2017chancery: 2208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 234-4212
FAX: [1] (202) 232-3190
email address and website: embassyoftogo@hotmail.com
https://embassyoftogousa.com/
Diplomatic representation from the US
chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Richard C. MICHAELS (since June 2025)
embassy: Boulevard Eyadema
B.P. 852, Lomé
mailing address: 2300 Lome Place, Washington, DC 20521-2300
telephone: [228] 2261-5470
FAX: [228] 2261-5501
email address and website: consularLome@state.gov
https://tg.usembassy.gov/
embassy: Boulevard Eyadema
B.P. 852, Lomé
mailing address: 2300 Lome Place, Washington, DC 20521-2300
telephone: [228] 2261-5470
FAX: [228] 2261-5501
email address and website: consularLome@state.gov
https://tg.usembassy.gov/
International organization participation
ACP, AfDB, AIIB, AU, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Independence
27 April 1960 (from French-administered UN trusteeship)
Reference: 1960National holiday
Independence Day, 27 April (1960)
Reference: 1960Flag
description: five equal horizontal bands of green (top and bottom) alternating with yellow; a five-pointed white star on a red square is in the upper-left corner
meaning: the five horizontal stripes stand for the country's regions; red stands for the people's loyalty and patriotism; green for hope, fertility, and agriculture; yellow for mineral wealth and faith that hard work and strength will bring prosperity; the star symbolizes life, purity, peace, dignity, and national independence
history: uses the colors of the Pan-African movement
meaning: the five horizontal stripes stand for the country's regions; red stands for the people's loyalty and patriotism; green for hope, fertility, and agriculture; yellow for mineral wealth and faith that hard work and strength will bring prosperity; the star symbolizes life, purity, peace, dignity, and national independence
history: uses the colors of the Pan-African movement
National symbol(s)
lion
National color(s)
green, yellow, red, white
National anthem(s)
title: "Salut à toi, pays de nos aieux" (Hail to Thee, Land of Our Forefathers)
lyrics/music: Alex CASIMIR-DOSSEH
history: adopted 1960, restored 1992; anthem was replaced during one-party rule between 1979 and 1992
Reference: 1992, 1979, 1960lyrics/music: Alex CASIMIR-DOSSEH
history: adopted 1960, restored 1992; anthem was replaced during one-party rule between 1979 and 1992
National heritage
total World Heritage Sites: 1 (cultural)
selected World Heritage Site locales: Koutammakou; the Land of the Batammariba
selected World Heritage Site locales: Koutammakou; the Land of the Batammariba
Government & Official Links
| Institution | Official website | X / Twitter | Verification |
|---|---|---|---|
| Togo official website | Official website | — | Reported · source Checked September 20, 2026 |
Institutional accounts only; personal accounts of political office-holders are excluded.
Legislature & Elections
Legislature
| Name | Chamber | Seats | Electoral system |
|---|---|---|---|
| National Assembly | — | 81 | — |
Economy
Economic overview
low-income West African economy; primarily agrarian economy; has a deep-water port; growing international shipping locale; improving privatization and public budgeting transparency; key phosphate mining industry; extremely high rural poverty
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024: $27.115 billion (2024 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $25.75 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $24.199 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $25.75 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $24.199 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP per capita
Real GDP per capita 2024: $2,800 (2024 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023: $2,800 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $2,700 (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Real GDP per capita 2023: $2,800 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $2,700 (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
agriculture: 18% (2024 est.)
industry: 20% (2024 est.)
services: 52% (2024 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
Reference: 2024industry: 20% (2024 est.)
services: 52% (2024 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
GDP - composition, by end use
household consumption: 78.3% (2024 est.)
government consumption: 13.1% (2024 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 22.3% (2024 est.)
investment in inventories: 0% (2024 est.)
exports of goods and services: 24.4% (2024 est.)
imports of goods and services: -38.1% (2024 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Reference: 2024government consumption: 13.1% (2024 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 22.3% (2024 est.)
investment in inventories: 0% (2024 est.)
exports of goods and services: 24.4% (2024 est.)
imports of goods and services: -38.1% (2024 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Agricultural products
cassava, maize, yams, sorghum, soybeans, beans, rice, vegetables, oil palm fruit, cotton (2023)
note: note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Reference: 2023note: note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Industries
phosphate mining, agricultural processing, cement, handicrafts, textiles, beverages
Industrial production growth rate
4.2% (2024 est.)
note: note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Reference: 2024note: note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Labor force
3.345 million (2024 est.)
note: note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Reference: 2024note: note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
total: 3.4% (2024 est.)
male: 3.3% (2024 est.)
female: 3.5% (2024 est.)
note: note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Reference: 2024male: 3.3% (2024 est.)
female: 3.5% (2024 est.)
note: note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Population below poverty line
45.5% (2018 est.)
note: note: % of population with income below national poverty line
Reference: 2018note: note: % of population with income below national poverty line
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2021: 37.9 (2021 est.)
note: note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
Reference: 2021note: note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
Household income or consumption by percentage share
lowest 10%: 2.8% (2021 est.)
highest 10%: 29.6% (2021 est.)
note: note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
Reference: 2021highest 10%: 29.6% (2021 est.)
note: note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
Remittances
Remittances 2023: 7.1% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2022: 8% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2021: 7.8% of GDP (2021 est.)
note: note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Reference: 2023, 2022, 2021Remittances 2022: 8% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2021: 7.8% of GDP (2021 est.)
note: note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Budget
revenues: $1.801 billion (2023 est.)
expenditures: $2.407 billion (2023 est.)
note: note: central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Reference: 2023expenditures: $2.407 billion (2023 est.)
note: note: central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Public debt
Public debt 2016: 81.6% of GDP (2016 est.)
Reference: 2016Taxes and other revenues
14.8% (of GDP) (2023 est.)
note: note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
Reference: 2023note: note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
Current account balance
Current account balance 2020: -$20.738 million (2020 est.)
Current account balance 2019: -$55.444 million (2019 est.)
Current account balance 2018: -$184.852 million (2018 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Reference: 2020, 2019, 2018Current account balance 2019: -$55.444 million (2019 est.)
Current account balance 2018: -$184.852 million (2018 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
Exports 2020: $1.722 billion (2020 est.)
Exports 2019: $1.665 billion (2019 est.)
Exports 2018: $1.703 billion (2018 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2020, 2019, 2018Exports 2019: $1.665 billion (2019 est.)
Exports 2018: $1.703 billion (2018 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - partners
UAE 40%, India 13%, Angola 13%, Burkina Faso 4%, Cote d'Ivoire 3% (2023)
note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Exports - commodities
gold, refined petroleum, soybeans, phosphates, coconuts/brazil nuts/cashews (2023)
note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports
Imports 2020: $2.389 billion (2020 est.)
Imports 2019: $2.261 billion (2019 est.)
Imports 2018: $2.329 billion (2018 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2020, 2019, 2018Imports 2019: $2.261 billion (2019 est.)
Imports 2018: $2.329 billion (2018 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - partners
China 26%, India 26%, Belgium 6%, Netherlands 6%, USA 3% (2023)
note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Imports - commodities
refined petroleum, garments, rice, palm oil, motorcycles and cycles (2023)
note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Debt - external
Debt - external 2023: $1.923 billion (2023 est.)
note: note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
Exchange rates
Currency: Communaute Financiere Africaine francs (XOF) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2024: 606.345 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 606.57 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 623.76 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 554.531 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020: 575.586 (2020 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Exchange rates 2024: 606.345 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 606.57 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 623.76 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 554.531 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020: 575.586 (2020 est.)
Trade
Current account balance
Current account balance 2020: -$20.738 million (2020 est.)
Current account balance 2019: -$55.444 million (2019 est.)
Current account balance 2018: -$184.852 million (2018 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Reference: 2020, 2019, 2018Current account balance 2019: -$55.444 million (2019 est.)
Current account balance 2018: -$184.852 million (2018 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
Exports 2020: $1.722 billion (2020 est.)
Exports 2019: $1.665 billion (2019 est.)
Exports 2018: $1.703 billion (2018 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2020, 2019, 2018Exports 2019: $1.665 billion (2019 est.)
Exports 2018: $1.703 billion (2018 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - partners
UAE 40%, India 13%, Angola 13%, Burkina Faso 4%, Cote d'Ivoire 3% (2023)
note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Exports - commodities
gold, refined petroleum, soybeans, phosphates, coconuts/brazil nuts/cashews (2023)
note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports
Imports 2020: $2.389 billion (2020 est.)
Imports 2019: $2.261 billion (2019 est.)
Imports 2018: $2.329 billion (2018 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2020, 2019, 2018Imports 2019: $2.261 billion (2019 est.)
Imports 2018: $2.329 billion (2018 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - partners
China 26%, India 26%, Belgium 6%, Netherlands 6%, USA 3% (2023)
note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Imports - commodities
refined petroleum, garments, rice, palm oil, motorcycles and cycles (2023)
note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Energy & Resources
Electricity
installed generating capacity: 326,000 kW (2023 est.)
consumption: 1.815 billion kWh (2023 est.)
imports: 1.1 billion kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 206.938 million kWh (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023consumption: 1.815 billion kWh (2023 est.)
imports: 1.1 billion kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 206.938 million kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources
fossil fuels: 79.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
solar: 11.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
hydroelectricity: 8.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
biomass and waste: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023solar: 11.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
hydroelectricity: 8.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
biomass and waste: 0.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Coal
consumption: 163,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
exports: 10 metric tons (2023 est.)
imports: 163,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023exports: 10 metric tons (2023 est.)
imports: 163,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Petroleum
refined petroleum consumption: 14,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Natural gas
consumption: 176.16 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
imports: 176.16 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023imports: 176.16 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
Energy consumption per capita
Total energy consumption per capita 2023: 4.538 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Infrastructure
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 67,000 (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2023 est.) less than 1
Reference: 2023subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2023 est.) less than 1
Health
Maternal mortality ratio
349 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 5.6% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 2.6% of national budget (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022, 2021Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 2.6% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
0.08 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
Reference: 2022Hospital bed density
0.6 beds/1,000 population (2019 est.)
Reference: 2019Obesity - adult prevalence rate
8.4% (2016)
Reference: 2016Tobacco use
total: 5% (2025 est.)
male: 9.3% (2025 est.)
female: 0.7% (2025 est.)
male: 9.3% (2025 est.)
female: 0.7% (2025 est.)
Education
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 12 years (2017 est.)
male: 13 years (2017 est.)
female: 11 years (2017 est.)
Reference: 2017male: 13 years (2017 est.)
female: 11 years (2017 est.)
Rights, Freedoms & Society
Press & Media Freedom
V-Dem expert-coded/modelled source measures. Knelstrom does not create a press-freedom ranking or composite score.
LGBTQ+ Rights & Law
Concrete legal-status fields only; Knelstrom does not generate an LGBTQ rights score or country ranking.
Source: Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory (CC BY-SA 4.0). Community-edited legal-status summary; retrieved by Knelstrom and not legal advice.
Crime & Justice
Legal system
customary law system
Judicial branch
highest court(s): Supreme Court or Cour Suprême (organized into criminal and administrative chambers, each with a chamber president and advisors); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 judges, including the court president)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court president appointed by decree of the president of the republic on the proposal of the Supreme Council of the Magistracy, a 9-member judicial, advisory, and disciplinary body; other judicial appointments and judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the National Assembly; judge tenure NA
subordinate courts: Court of Assizes (sessions court); Appeal Court; tribunals of first instance (divided into civil, commercial, and correctional chambers; Court of State Security; military tribunal
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court president appointed by decree of the president of the republic on the proposal of the Supreme Council of the Magistracy, a 9-member judicial, advisory, and disciplinary body; other judicial appointments and judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges appointed by the National Assembly; judge tenure NA
subordinate courts: Court of Assizes (sessions court); Appeal Court; tribunals of first instance (divided into civil, commercial, and correctional chambers; Court of State Security; military tribunal
Military & Security
Military and security forces
Togolese Armed Forces (Forces Armees Togolaise, FAT): Togolese Army, Togolese Navy, Togolese Air Force, National Gendarmerie (Gendarmerie Nationale Togolaise or GNT)
Ministry of Security and Civil Protection: Togolese Police (2025)
note: note: the Police and GNT are responsible for law enforcement and maintenance of order within the country; the GNT is also responsible for migration and border enforcement; the GNT falls under the Ministry of the Armed Forces but also reports to the Ministry of Security and Civil Protection on many matters involving law enforcement and internal security; in 2022, the Ministry of the Armed Forces was made part of the Office of the Presidency
Reference: 2025, 2022Ministry of Security and Civil Protection: Togolese Police (2025)
note: note: the Police and GNT are responsible for law enforcement and maintenance of order within the country; the GNT is also responsible for migration and border enforcement; the GNT falls under the Ministry of the Armed Forces but also reports to the Ministry of Security and Civil Protection on many matters involving law enforcement and internal security; in 2022, the Ministry of the Armed Forces was made part of the Office of the Presidency
Military expenditures
Military Expenditures 2024: 2.2% of GDP (2024 est.)
Military Expenditures 2023: 3% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military Expenditures 2022: 4% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military Expenditures 2021: 2.8% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military Expenditures 2020: 2.8% of GDP (2020 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Military Expenditures 2023: 3% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military Expenditures 2022: 4% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military Expenditures 2021: 2.8% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military Expenditures 2020: 2.8% of GDP (2020 est.)
Military and security service personnel strengths
estimated 20,000 active Armed Forces, including Gendarmerie (2025)
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
the FAT has a small inventory of mostly older equipment originating from a variety of countries, including Brazil, Russia/former Soviet Union, Turkey, the US, and some European nations, particularly France (2024)
Reference: 2024Military service age and obligation
18 years of age for military service for men and women; 24-month service obligation; no conscription (2023)
note: note: as of 2022, about 7% of the military's personnel were women
Reference: 2023, 2022note: note: as of 2022, about 7% of the military's personnel were women
Military - note
the responsibilities of the Togolese Armed Forces (FAT) included both external defense and internal security; the FAT’s primary concerns are border security, terrorism, and maritime security; in recent years, it has boosted operations in the northern border region of the country to secure the frontier and prevent banditry, illicit smuggling, and infiltrations from Jama'at Nasr al-Islam wal Muslimin (JNIM), a coalition of al-Qa'ida-affiliated militant groups based in Mali that also operates in neighboring Burkina Faso; in 2022, the Togolese Government declared a state of emergency in the north following an attack by JNIM fighters on a Togolese military post that killed several soldiers; the Navy and Air Force have increased focus on combating piracy and smuggling in the Gulf of Guinea
since its creation in 1963, the Togolese military has had a history of involvement in the country’s politics, including assassinations, coups, and a crackdown in 2005 that killed hundreds of civilians; over the past decade, it has made some efforts to reform and professionalize, which have included increasing its role in UN peacekeeping activities, participating in multinational exercises, and receiving training from foreign partners, particularly France and the US; in addition, Togo has established a regional peacekeeping training center for military and police in Lome (2025)
Reference: 2025, 2022, 2005, 1963since its creation in 1963, the Togolese military has had a history of involvement in the country’s politics, including assassinations, coups, and a crackdown in 2005 that killed hundreds of civilians; over the past decade, it has made some efforts to reform and professionalize, which have included increasing its role in UN peacekeeping activities, participating in multinational exercises, and receiving training from foreign partners, particularly France and the US; in addition, Togo has established a regional peacekeeping training center for military and police in Lome (2025)
International Relations
International law organization participation
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; non-party state to the ICCt
Diplomatic representation in the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Frédéric Edem HEGBE (since 24 April 2017)
chancery: 2208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 234-4212
FAX: [1] (202) 232-3190
email address and website: embassyoftogo@hotmail.com
https://embassyoftogousa.com/
Reference: 2017chancery: 2208 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20008
telephone: [1] (202) 234-4212
FAX: [1] (202) 232-3190
email address and website: embassyoftogo@hotmail.com
https://embassyoftogousa.com/
Diplomatic representation from the US
chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Richard C. MICHAELS (since June 2025)
embassy: Boulevard Eyadema
B.P. 852, Lomé
mailing address: 2300 Lome Place, Washington, DC 20521-2300
telephone: [228] 2261-5470
FAX: [228] 2261-5501
email address and website: consularLome@state.gov
https://tg.usembassy.gov/
embassy: Boulevard Eyadema
B.P. 852, Lomé
mailing address: 2300 Lome Place, Washington, DC 20521-2300
telephone: [228] 2261-5470
FAX: [228] 2261-5501
email address and website: consularLome@state.gov
https://tg.usembassy.gov/
International organization participation
ACP, AfDB, AIIB, AU, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Treaties & Organisations
| Organisation | Status | Joined |
|---|---|---|
| African Union (AU) | member | — |
| Commonwealth of Nations (Commonwealth) | member | 2022-06-25 |
| United Nations (UN) | member | 1960-09-20 |
| World Trade Organization (WTO) | member | — |
International law organization participation
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; non-party state to the ICCt
International organization participation
ACP, AfDB, AIIB, AU, ECOWAS, EITI (compliant country), Entente, FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINURSO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNAMID, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNMIL, UNOCI, UNWTO, UPU, WADB (regional), WAEMU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Conflict & Security
Refugees and internally displaced persons
refugees: 48,756 (2024 est.)
IDPs: 18,429 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024IDPs: 18,429 (2024 est.)
Terrorist group(s)
Jama’at Nusrat al Islam wal Muslimeen (JNIM)
note: note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide
note: note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide
Transportation & Logistics
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
5V
Airports
7 (2025)
Railways
total: 568 km (2014)
narrow gauge: 568 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge
Reference: 2014narrow gauge: 568 km (2014) 1.000-m gauge
Merchant marine
total: 397 (2023)
by type: bulk carrier 1, container ship 10, general cargo 250, oil tanker 56, other 80
Reference: 2023by type: bulk carrier 1, container ship 10, general cargo 250, oil tanker 56, other 80
Ports
total ports: 2 (2024)
large: 0
medium: 1
small: 0
very small: 1
ports with oil terminals: 2
key ports: Kpeme, Lome
Reference: 2024large: 0
medium: 1
small: 0
very small: 1
ports with oil terminals: 2
key ports: Kpeme, Lome
Environment
Environmental issues
deforestation from slash-and-burn agriculture and the use of wood for fuel; very little rainforest still present and what remains is highly degraded; desertification; water pollution; air pollution in urban areas
International environmental agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Reference: 2006signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Climate
tropical; hot, humid in south; semiarid in north
Land use
agricultural land: 70.2% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 48.7% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 3.1% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 18.4% (2023 est.)
forest: 22.4% (2023 est.)
other: 7.4% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 48.7% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 3.1% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 18.4% (2023 est.)
forest: 22.4% (2023 est.)
other: 7.4% (2023 est.)
Urbanization
urban population: 44.5% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 3.6% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Reference: 2023, 2020rate of urbanization: 3.6% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions
total emissions: 2.656 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke: 372,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids: 1.941 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from consumed natural gas: 343,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023from coal and metallurgical coke: 372,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids: 1.941 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from consumed natural gas: 343,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Particulate matter emissions
33.9 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Reference: 2019Methane emissions
energy: 43.3 kt (2022-2024 est.)
agriculture: 51.8 kt (2019-2021 est.)
waste: 31.3 kt (2019-2021 est.)
other: 10.4 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2022, 2021, 2019agriculture: 51.8 kt (2019-2021 est.)
waste: 31.3 kt (2019-2021 est.)
other: 10.4 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Waste and recycling
municipal solid waste generated annually: 1.109 million tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 3.5% (2022 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2022percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 3.5% (2022 est.)
Total water withdrawal
municipal: 140.7 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
industrial: 6.3 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
agricultural: 76 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022industrial: 6.3 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
agricultural: 76 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Total renewable water resources
14.7 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022Communications & Media
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 67,000 (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2023 est.) less than 1
Reference: 2023subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2023 est.) less than 1
Broadcast media
1 state-owned TV station with multiple transmission sites; five private local TV stations; cable TV available; state-owned radio network with two stations; several dozen private radio stations and a few community radio stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters available (2019)
Reference: 2019Internet country code
.tg
Historical Trends
Population
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View Population data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 7,200,884 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | 7,324,386 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | 7,458,206 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | 7,619,925 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | 7,788,054 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | 7,936,176 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | 8,068,616 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | 8,223,850 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 8,406,558 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | 8,591,626 | world_bank_wdi |
GDP (current US$)
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View GDP (current US$) data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | $6,071,167,584 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | $6,387,424,240 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | $7,029,215,766 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | $6,992,942,459 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | $7,486,031,562 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | $8,541,668,141 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | $8,646,453,099 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | $9,723,300,577 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | $10,643,440,332 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | $11,889,949,067 | world_bank_wdi |
International migrant stock (immigrants)
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View International migrant stock (immigrants) data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 279,936 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 281,994 | world_bank_wdi |
International emigrant stock
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View International emigrant stock data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 184,145 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 1995 | 294,188 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2000 | 253,143 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2005 | 391,527 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2010 | 407,152 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2015 | 489,237 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2020 | 539,877 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2024 | 584,790 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
Net migration
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View Net migration data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | -59,885 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | -69,512 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | -43,718 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | -17,312 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | -31,892 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | -56,991 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | -65,826 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | -15,406 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | -14,014 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | -15,010 | world_bank_wdi |
Sources & Methodology
Current statistical observations include their reference period and provenance. Reference fields from approved source datasets are attributed below. Missing information is left unknown rather than inferred.
| Indicator | Value | Period | Source | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 8,591,626 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| UN Population Division population estimate | 9,930,919 | 2026 | UN Population Division Data Portal | Estimated |
| Wikidata population (fallback) | 7,797,694 | 2017 | Wikidata | Reported |
| International migrant stock (immigrants) | 281,994 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| International migrant stock | 3.0% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| International emigrant stock | 584,790 | 2024 | UN DESA International Migrant Stock 2024 | Estimated |
| Net migration | -15,010 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Refugees from this country | 12,661 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Asylum seekers from this country | 5,334 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Freedom of expression & alternative information index | 0.579 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Government censorship effort — media | -0.762 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Harassment of journalists | -0.765 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Print/broadcast media critical of government | 0.027 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Range of perspectives in major media | 2.169 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Media bias | 1.364 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Media self-censorship | 0.225 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Same-sex sexual activity | No Illegal since 13 August 1980; Penalty: 1 to 3 years imprisonment and fines. (rarely enforced, repeal proposed) | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Recognition of same-sex relationships | No | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Same-sex marriage | No | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Same-sex adoption | No | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Open military service | No | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Sexual-orientation anti-discrimination law | Yes / No Limited protections. | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Gender identity / expression law | No | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| GDP (current US$) | $11,889,949,067 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| GDP per capita (current US$) | $1,384 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| GDP growth | 6.3% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Inflation, consumer prices | 0.4% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Unemployment | 2.0% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Income level | Lower middle income | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Life expectancy at birth | 62.9 years | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Fertility rate | 4.1 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Urban population | 44.4% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Individuals using the Internet | 39.5% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Exports of goods and services | 24.6% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Imports of goods and services | 35.3% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Trade | 59.9% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Adult literacy rate | 72.6% | 2022 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Secondary school enrolment, gross | 63.4% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Government education expenditure | 4.1% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Access to electricity | 61.1% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Electric power consumption | 246 kWh/person | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Renewable energy consumption | 75.1% | 2021 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Current health expenditure | 6.1% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Infant mortality rate | 34.8 per 1,000 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Forest area | 22.1% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Mobile cellular subscriptions | 80.8 per 100 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Fixed broadband subscriptions | 1.4 per 100 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Secure Internet servers | 102 per million | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Latitude | 6.1228° | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Longitude | 1.2255° | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Latitude (Wikidata) | 8.2500° | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Longitude (Wikidata) | 1.1833° | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Time zone | UTC±00:00, Africa/Lome | current | Wikidata | Reported |
Data attribution
Credits below are generated from sources actually used by this country profile. Source-specific terms take precedence.
- CIA World Factbook, final 2025 country profile (structured via factbook.json). Accessed September 20, 2026. U.S. Government public-domain data; retained as a reference source where a newer approved field is not available. Source · Terms/licence
- United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, International Migrant Stock 2024; data access/processing via Our World in Data. Accessed September 20, 2026. Underlying UN dataset used under CC BY 3.0 IGO. Source · Terms/licence
- United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, World Population Prospects (WPP indicator 49) Accessed September 19, 2026. Used under CC BY 3.0 IGO; current-year WPP population values are presented as estimates/projections where applicable. Source · Terms/licence
- Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem), Country-Year Dataset v16 (variables: v2mebias, v2mecenefm, v2mecrit, v2meharjrn, v2merange, v2meslfcen, v2x_freexp_altinf) Accessed September 20, 2026. Used under CC BY-SA 4.0; V-Dem measures are expert-coded/modelled and no V-Dem endorsement is implied. Source · Terms/licence
- Wikidata structured data (CC0). Accessed September 20, 2026. Attribution is provided by Knelstrom for provenance although CC0 does not require it. Source · Terms/licence
- Wikipedia, “LGBTQ rights by country or territory” (source revision/data fields: Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Gender identity / expression law, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Open military service, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Recognition of same-sex relationships, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex adoption, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex marriage, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex sexual activity, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Sexual-orientation anti-discrimination law) Accessed September 20, 2026. Used under CC BY-SA 4.0. Knelstrom changes formatting and presents the imported material as a community-edited legal-status summary, not legal advice or a Knelstrom rights score. Source · Terms/licence
- World Bank, World Development Indicators (series: AG.LND.FRST.ZS, country_metadata, EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS, EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS, EG.USE.ELEC.KH.PC, FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG, IT.CEL.SETS.P2, IT.NET.BBND.P2, IT.NET.SECR.P6, IT.NET.USER.ZS, NE.EXP.GNFS.ZS, NE.IMP.GNFS.ZS, NE.TRD.GNFS.ZS, NY.GDP.MKTP.CD, NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG, NY.GDP.PCAP.CD, SE.ADT.LITR.ZS, SE.SEC.ENRR, SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS, SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS, SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS, SM.POP.ASYS.EO, SM.POP.NETM, SM.POP.RHCR.EO, SM.POP.TOTL, SM.POP.TOTL.ZS, SP.DYN.IMRT.IN, SP.DYN.LE00.IN, SP.DYN.TFRT.IN, SP.POP.TOTL, SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS) Accessed September 20, 2026. Data used under CC BY 4.0; Knelstrom presentation/formatting may differ from the source. Source · Terms/licence
Knelstrom does not imply endorsement by any listed data provider.
Last automated statistical refresh: 2026-09-20 02:10:32