Knelstrom Intelligence · World Factbook
São Tomé and Príncipe
República Democrática de São Tomé e Príncipe
CapitalSão Tomé
Population240,254
GDP$981.3m
Area1,001 km²
RegionSub-Saharan Africa
Data sources current · last checked September 20, 2026 2:11 am
Country facts
Overview
Background
Portugal discovered and colonized the uninhabited Sao Tome and Principe islands in the late 15th century, setting up a sugar-based economy that gave way to coffee and cocoa in the 19th century -- all grown with African slave labor, a form of which lingered into the 20th century. While independence was achieved in 1975, democratic reforms were not instituted until the late 1980s.
The country held its first free elections in 1991, but frequent internal wrangling among the various political parties precipitated repeated changes in leadership and failed, non-violent coup attempts in 1995, 1998, 2003, and 2009. In 2012, three opposition parties combined in a no-confidence vote to bring down the majority government of former Prime Minister Patrice TROVOADA, but legislative elections returned him to the office two years later. President Evaristo CARVALHO, of the same political party as TROVOADA, was elected in 2016, marking a rare instance in which the same party held the positions of president and prime minister. TROVOADA resigned in 2018 and was replaced by Jorge BOM JESUS. Carlos Vila NOVA was elected president in 2021. TROVOADA began his fourth stint as prime minister in 2022, after his party's victory in legislative elections.
Reference: 2022, 2021, 2018, 2016The country held its first free elections in 1991, but frequent internal wrangling among the various political parties precipitated repeated changes in leadership and failed, non-violent coup attempts in 1995, 1998, 2003, and 2009. In 2012, three opposition parties combined in a no-confidence vote to bring down the majority government of former Prime Minister Patrice TROVOADA, but legislative elections returned him to the office two years later. President Evaristo CARVALHO, of the same political party as TROVOADA, was elected in 2016, marking a rare instance in which the same party held the positions of president and prime minister. TROVOADA resigned in 2018 and was replaced by Jorge BOM JESUS. Carlos Vila NOVA was elected president in 2021. TROVOADA began his fourth stint as prime minister in 2022, after his party's victory in legislative elections.
Geography
Location
Central Africa, islands in the Gulf of Guinea, just north of the Equator, west of Gabon
Map references
Africa
Area
total: 964 sq km
land: 964 sq km
water: 0 sq km
land: 964 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative
more than five times the size of Washington, D.C.
Land boundaries
total: 0 km
Coastline
209 km
Maritime claims
territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
note: note: measured from claimed archipelagic baselines
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
note: note: measured from claimed archipelagic baselines
Climate
tropical; hot, humid; one rainy season (October to May)
Terrain
volcanic, mountainous
Elevation
highest point: Pico de Sao Tome 2,024 m
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
Natural resources
fish, hydropower
Land use
agricultural land: 44.8% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 4.2% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 39.6% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 1% (2023 est.)
forest: 57.5% (2023 est.)
other: 0% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 4.2% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 39.6% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 1% (2023 est.)
forest: 57.5% (2023 est.)
other: 0% (2023 est.)
Irrigated land
100 sq km (2012)
Reference: 2012Population distribution
Sao Tome, the capital city, has roughly a quarter of the nation's population; Santo Antonio is the largest town on Principe; the northern areas of both islands have the highest population densities, as shown in this population distribution map
Natural hazards
flooding
Geography - note
the second-smallest African country (after the Seychelles); the two main islands form part of a chain of extinct volcanoes, and both are mountainous
Population & Society
Nationality
noun: Sao Tomean(s)
adjective: Sao Tomean
adjective: Sao Tomean
Ethnic groups
Mestico, Angolares (descendants of Angolan slaves), Forros (descendants of freed slaves), Servicais (contract laborers from Angola, Mozambique, and Cabo Verde), Tongas (children of servicais born on the islands), Europeans (primarily Portuguese), Asians (mostly Chinese)
Languages
Portuguese 98.4% (official), Forro 36.2%, Cabo Verdian 8.5%, French 6.8%, Angolar 6.6%, English 4.9%, Lunguie 1%, other (including sign language) 2.4%; other Portuguese-based Creoles are also spoken (2012 est.)
note: note: shares of language sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census
Reference: 2012note: note: shares of language sum to more than 100% because some respondents gave more than one answer on the census
Religions
Catholic 55.7%, Adventist 4.1%, Assembly of God 3.4%, New Apostolic 2.9%, Mana 2.3%, Universal Kingdom of God 2%, Jehovah's Witness 1.2%, other 6.2%, none 21.2%, unspecified 1% (2012 est.)
Reference: 2012Age structure
0-14 years: 36.4% (male 41,337/female 40,106)
15-64 years: 60.3% (male 67,101/female 67,775)
65 years and over: 3.2% (2024 est.) (male 3,115/female 4,127)
Reference: 202415-64 years: 60.3% (male 67,101/female 67,775)
65 years and over: 3.2% (2024 est.) (male 3,115/female 4,127)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio: 65.8 (2024 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 60.4 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 5.4 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio: 18.6 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024youth dependency ratio: 60.4 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 5.4 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio: 18.6 (2024 est.)
Median age
total: 20.8 years (2024 est.)
male: 20.4 years
female: 21.2 years
Reference: 2024male: 20.4 years
female: 21.2 years
Population growth rate
1.42% (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Birth rate
26.7 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Death rate
6 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Population distribution
Sao Tome, the capital city, has roughly a quarter of the nation's population; Santo Antonio is the largest town on Principe; the northern areas of both islands have the highest population densities, as shown in this population distribution map
Major urban areas - population
80,000 SAO TOME (capital) (2018)
Reference: 2018Sex ratio
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Reference: 20240-14 years: 1.03 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.99 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth
19.4 years (2008/09 est.)
note: note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-29
Reference: 2008note: note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-29
Maternal mortality ratio
75 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Gross reproduction rate
1.63 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Drinking water source
improved: urban: urban: 79.3% of population (2022 est.)
improved: rural: rural: 71.1% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 77.3% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 20.7% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 28.9% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 22.7% of population (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022improved: rural: rural: 71.1% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 77.3% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 20.7% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 28.9% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 22.7% of population (2022 est.)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 7.8% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 14.9% of national budget (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022, 2021Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 14.9% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
0.46 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
Reference: 2022Hospital bed density
2.9 beds/1,000 population (2019 est.)
Reference: 2019Sanitation facility access
improved: urban: urban: 56.8% of population (2022 est.)
improved: rural: rural: 43.2% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 53.5% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 43.2% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 56.8% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 46.5% of population (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022improved: rural: rural: 43.2% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 53.5% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 43.2% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 56.8% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 46.5% of population (2022 est.)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
12.4% (2016)
Reference: 2016Alcohol consumption per capita
total: 4.23 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer: 0.42 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 3.58 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 0.23 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Reference: 2019beer: 0.42 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 3.58 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 0.23 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Tobacco use
total: 7.3% (2025 est.)
male: 13.1% (2025 est.)
female: 1.7% (2025 est.)
male: 13.1% (2025 est.)
female: 1.7% (2025 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight
5.4% (2019 est.)
Reference: 2019Currently married women (ages 15-49)
51.9% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Child marriage
women married by age 15: 5.4% (2019)
women married by age 18: 28% (2019)
men married by age 18: 3.1% (2019)
Reference: 2019women married by age 18: 28% (2019)
men married by age 18: 3.1% (2019)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 13 years (2021 est.)
male: 13 years (2021 est.)
female: 13 years (2021 est.)
Reference: 2021male: 13 years (2021 est.)
female: 13 years (2021 est.)
Migration & Displacement
Immigrant/emigrant stock measures the number of international migrants resident in, or originating from, the country; it is not the same as annual immigration/emigration flows.
Government & Politics
| Office | Holder | Affiliation | From | Status | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Head of government | Américo Ramos | — | 2025-01-12 | Current | Reported |
| Head of state | Carlos Vila Nova | — | 2021-10-02 | Current | Reported |
Country name
conventional long form: Democratic Republic of Sao Tome and Principe
conventional short form: Sao Tome and Principe
local long form: Republica Democratica de Sao Tome e Principe
local short form: Sao Tome e Principe
etymology: Sao Tome was named after Saint THOMAS the Apostle by the Portuguese who discovered the island on 21 December 1470 (or 1471), the saint's feast day; Principe is a shortening of the original Portuguese name of "Ilha do Principe" (Isle of the Prince), referring to Prince ALPHONSO of Portugal
conventional short form: Sao Tome and Principe
local long form: Republica Democratica de Sao Tome e Principe
local short form: Sao Tome e Principe
etymology: Sao Tome was named after Saint THOMAS the Apostle by the Portuguese who discovered the island on 21 December 1470 (or 1471), the saint's feast day; Principe is a shortening of the original Portuguese name of "Ilha do Principe" (Isle of the Prince), referring to Prince ALPHONSO of Portugal
Government type
semi-presidential republic
Capital
name: Sao Tome
geographic coordinates: 0 20 N, 6 44 E
time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: named after Saint THOMAS the Apostle by the Portuguese, who discovered the island on 21 December 1470 (or 1471), the saint's feast day
geographic coordinates: 0 20 N, 6 44 E
time difference: UTC 0 (5 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: named after Saint THOMAS the Apostle by the Portuguese, who discovered the island on 21 December 1470 (or 1471), the saint's feast day
Administrative divisions
6 districts (distritos, singular - distrito), 1 autonomous region* (regiao autonoma); Agua Grande, Cantagalo, Caue, Lemba, Lobata, Me-Zochi, Principe*
Legal system
mixed system of civil law based on the Portuguese model and customary law
Constitution
history: approved 5 November 1975
amendment process: proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly; the Assembly can propose to the president of the republic that an amendment be submitted to a referendum
Reference: 1975amendment process: proposed by the National Assembly; passage requires two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly; the Assembly can propose to the president of the republic that an amendment be submitted to a referendum
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
Citizenship
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Sao Tome and Principe
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Sao Tome and Principe
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch
chief of state: President Carlos Manuel VILA NOVA (since 2 October 2021)
head of government: Prime Minister Américo d'Oliveira DOS RAMOS (since 12 January 2025)
cabinet: Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, appointed by the president
election/appointment process: president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister chosen by the National Assembly and approved by the president
most recent election date: 18 July 2021, with a runoff on 5 September 2021
election results: 2021: Carlos Manuel VILA NOVA elected president in the second round; percent of vote in the first round - Carlos Manuel VILA NOVA (IDA) 39.5%; Guilherme POSSER DA COSTA (MLSTP-PSD) 20.8%; Delfim NEVES (PCD-GR) 16.9%; Abel BOM JESUS (independent) 3.6%; Maria DAS NEVES (independent) 3.3%; other 15.9%; percent of the vote in second round - Carlos Manuel VILA NOVA 57.5%, Guilherme POSSER DA COSTA 42.5%
2016: Evaristo CARVALHO elected president; percent of vote - Evaristo CARVALHO (ADI) 49.8%, Manuel Pinto DA COSTA (independent) 24.8%, Maria DAS NEVES (MLSTP-PSD) 24.1%
expected date of next election: 2026
Reference: 2026, 2025, 2021, 2016head of government: Prime Minister Américo d'Oliveira DOS RAMOS (since 12 January 2025)
cabinet: Council of Ministers proposed by the prime minister, appointed by the president
election/appointment process: president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister chosen by the National Assembly and approved by the president
most recent election date: 18 July 2021, with a runoff on 5 September 2021
election results: 2021: Carlos Manuel VILA NOVA elected president in the second round; percent of vote in the first round - Carlos Manuel VILA NOVA (IDA) 39.5%; Guilherme POSSER DA COSTA (MLSTP-PSD) 20.8%; Delfim NEVES (PCD-GR) 16.9%; Abel BOM JESUS (independent) 3.6%; Maria DAS NEVES (independent) 3.3%; other 15.9%; percent of the vote in second round - Carlos Manuel VILA NOVA 57.5%, Guilherme POSSER DA COSTA 42.5%
2016: Evaristo CARVALHO elected president; percent of vote - Evaristo CARVALHO (ADI) 49.8%, Manuel Pinto DA COSTA (independent) 24.8%, Maria DAS NEVES (MLSTP-PSD) 24.1%
expected date of next election: 2026
Legislative branch
legislature name: National Assembly (Assembleia Nacional)
legislative structure: unicameral
number of seats: 55 (all directly elected)
electoral system: proportional representation
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 4 years
most recent election date: 9/25/2022
parties elected and seats per party: Independent Democratic Alliance (ADI) (30); Sao Tome and Principe Liberation Movement/Social Democratic Party (MLSTP - PSD) (18); Movement of Independent Citizens - Socialist Party (MCI - PS) - National Unity Party (PUN) (5); Other (2)
percentage of women in chamber: 14.5%
expected date of next election: September 2026
Reference: 2026, 2022legislative structure: unicameral
number of seats: 55 (all directly elected)
electoral system: proportional representation
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 4 years
most recent election date: 9/25/2022
parties elected and seats per party: Independent Democratic Alliance (ADI) (30); Sao Tome and Principe Liberation Movement/Social Democratic Party (MLSTP - PSD) (18); Movement of Independent Citizens - Socialist Party (MCI - PS) - National Unity Party (PUN) (5); Other (2)
percentage of women in chamber: 14.5%
expected date of next election: September 2026
Judicial branch
highest court(s): Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal Justica (consists of 5 judges); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 5 judges, 3 of whom are from the Supreme Court)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges appointed by the National Assembly; judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges nominated by the president and elected by the National Assembly for 5-year terms
subordinate courts: Court of First Instance; Audit Court
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges appointed by the National Assembly; judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges nominated by the president and elected by the National Assembly for 5-year terms
subordinate courts: Court of First Instance; Audit Court
Political parties
BASTA Movement
Independent Democratic Action or ADI
Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome and Principe-Social Democratic Party or MLSTP-PSD
Movement of Independent Citizens of São Tomé and Príncipe - Socialist Party or MCI-PS
National Unity Party or PUN
Independent Democratic Action or ADI
Movement for the Liberation of Sao Tome and Principe-Social Democratic Party or MLSTP-PSD
Movement of Independent Citizens of São Tomé and Príncipe - Socialist Party or MCI-PS
National Unity Party or PUN
Diplomatic representation in the US
chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant)
chancery: 122 East 42nd Street, Suite 1604
New York, NY 101168
telephone: [1] (212) 317-0533
FAX: [1] (212) 317-0580
email address and website: stp1@attglobal.net
Sao Tome and Principe Permanent Mission to the United Nations
chancery: 122 East 42nd Street, Suite 1604
New York, NY 101168
telephone: [1] (212) 317-0533
FAX: [1] (212) 317-0580
email address and website: stp1@attglobal.net
Sao Tome and Principe Permanent Mission to the United Nations
Diplomatic representation from the US
embassy: the US does not have an embassy in Sao Tome and Principe; the US Ambassador to Angola is accredited to Sao Tome and Principe
mailing address: 2290 Sao Tome Place, Washington DC 20521-2290
mailing address: 2290 Sao Tome Place, Washington DC 20521-2290
International organization participation
ACP, AfDB, AOSIS, AU, CD, CEMAC, CPLP, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
Independence
12 July 1975 (from Portugal)
Reference: 1975National holiday
Independence Day, 12 July (1975)
Reference: 1975Flag
description: three horizontal bands of green (top), yellow (double-width), and green with two five-pointed black stars in the center of the yellow band and a red isosceles triangle based on the left side
meaning: green stands for the country's rich vegetation, red for the struggle for independence, and yellow for cocoa, one of the country's main agricultural products; the two stars symbolize the main islands
history: uses the colors of the Pan-African movement
meaning: green stands for the country's rich vegetation, red for the struggle for independence, and yellow for cocoa, one of the country's main agricultural products; the two stars symbolize the main islands
history: uses the colors of the Pan-African movement
National symbol(s)
palm tree
National color(s)
green, yellow, red, black
National anthem(s)
title: "Independencia total" (Total Independence)
lyrics/music: Alda Neves DA GRACA do Espirito Santo/Manuel dos Santos Barreto de Sousa e ALMEIDA
history: adopted 1975
Reference: 1975lyrics/music: Alda Neves DA GRACA do Espirito Santo/Manuel dos Santos Barreto de Sousa e ALMEIDA
history: adopted 1975
Government & Official Links
| Institution | Official website | X / Twitter | Verification |
|---|---|---|---|
| São Tomé and Príncipe official website | Official website | — | Reported · source Checked September 20, 2026 |
Institutional accounts only; personal accounts of political office-holders are excluded.
Legislature & Elections
Legislature
| Name | Chamber | Seats | Electoral system |
|---|---|---|---|
| Asamblea Nacional de Santo Tomé y Príncipe | — | 55 | — |
Economy
Economic overview
lower middle-income Central African island economy; falling cocoa production due to drought and mismanagement; joint oil venture with Nigeria; government owns 90% of land; high debt, partly from fuel subsidies; tourism gutted by COVID-19
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024: $1.291 billion (2024 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $1.279 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $1.275 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $1.279 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $1.275 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP per capita
Real GDP per capita 2024: $5,500 (2024 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023: $5,500 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $5,600 (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Real GDP per capita 2023: $5,500 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $5,600 (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
agriculture: 12.8% (2024 est.)
industry: 2.9% (2024 est.)
services: 76.6% (2024 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
Reference: 2024industry: 2.9% (2024 est.)
services: 76.6% (2024 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
GDP - composition, by end use
household consumption: 81.4% (2017 est.)
government consumption: 17.6% (2017 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 33.4% (2017 est.)
investment in inventories: 0% (2017 est.)
exports of goods and services: 7.9% (2017 est.)
imports of goods and services: -40.4% (2017 est.)
Reference: 2017government consumption: 17.6% (2017 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 33.4% (2017 est.)
investment in inventories: 0% (2017 est.)
exports of goods and services: 7.9% (2017 est.)
imports of goods and services: -40.4% (2017 est.)
Agricultural products
plantains, oil palm fruit, taro, bananas, fruits, cocoa beans, yams, coconuts, cassava, vegetables (2023)
note: note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Reference: 2023note: note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Industries
light construction, textiles, soap, beer, fish processing, timber
Industrial production growth rate
3.2% (2024 est.)
note: note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Reference: 2024note: note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Labor force
34,500 (2024 est.)
note: note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Reference: 2024note: note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
total: 8.6% (2024 est.)
male: 8% (2024 est.)
female: 9.2% (2024 est.)
note: note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Reference: 2024male: 8% (2024 est.)
female: 9.2% (2024 est.)
note: note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Population below poverty line
55.5% (2017 est.)
note: note: % of population with income below national poverty line
Reference: 2017note: note: % of population with income below national poverty line
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017: 40.7 (2017 est.)
note: note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
Reference: 2017note: note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
Household income or consumption by percentage share
lowest 10%: 2.6% (2017 est.)
highest 10%: 32.8% (2017 est.)
note: note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
Reference: 2017highest 10%: 32.8% (2017 est.)
note: note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
Remittances
Remittances 2023: 1.5% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2022: 1.9% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2021: 2% of GDP (2021 est.)
note: note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Reference: 2023, 2022, 2021Remittances 2022: 1.9% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2021: 2% of GDP (2021 est.)
note: note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Budget
revenues: $128.767 million (2022 est.)
expenditures: $165.95 million (2022 est.)
note: note: central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Reference: 2022expenditures: $165.95 million (2022 est.)
note: note: central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Public debt
Public debt 2016: 93.1% of GDP (2016 est.)
Reference: 2016Current account balance
Current account balance 2022: -$79.437 million (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2021: -$95.248 million (2021 est.)
Current account balance 2020: -$59.595 million (2020 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Reference: 2022, 2021, 2020Current account balance 2021: -$95.248 million (2021 est.)
Current account balance 2020: -$59.595 million (2020 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
Exports 2022: $96.977 million (2022 est.)
Exports 2021: $75.256 million (2021 est.)
Exports 2020: $49.337 million (2020 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2022, 2021, 2020Exports 2021: $75.256 million (2021 est.)
Exports 2020: $49.337 million (2020 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - partners
Pakistan 54%, Germany 11%, Netherlands 7%, France 5%, UAE 3% (2023)
note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Exports - commodities
crude petroleum, cocoa beans, vehicle parts/accessories, palm oil, aircraft parts (2023)
note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports
Imports 2022: $219.322 million (2022 est.)
Imports 2021: $201.145 million (2021 est.)
Imports 2020: $160.097 million (2020 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2022, 2021, 2020Imports 2021: $201.145 million (2021 est.)
Imports 2020: $160.097 million (2020 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - partners
Portugal 35%, Angola 13%, Gabon 11%, Japan 8%, China 6% (2023)
note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Imports - commodities
ships, refined petroleum, rice, electric generating sets, cars (2023)
note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $46.247 million (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $64.476 million (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021: $75.017 million (2021 est.)
note: note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Reference: 2023, 2022, 2021Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $64.476 million (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021: $75.017 million (2021 est.)
note: note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Debt - external
Debt - external 2023: $327.248 million (2023 est.)
note: note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
Exchange rates
Currency: dobras (STD) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2023: 22.658 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 23.29 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 20.71 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020: 21.507 (2020 est.)
Exchange rates 2019: 21.885 (2019 est.)
Reference: 2023, 2022, 2021, 2020Exchange rates 2023: 22.658 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 23.29 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 20.71 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020: 21.507 (2020 est.)
Exchange rates 2019: 21.885 (2019 est.)
Trade
Current account balance
Current account balance 2022: -$79.437 million (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2021: -$95.248 million (2021 est.)
Current account balance 2020: -$59.595 million (2020 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Reference: 2022, 2021, 2020Current account balance 2021: -$95.248 million (2021 est.)
Current account balance 2020: -$59.595 million (2020 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
Exports 2022: $96.977 million (2022 est.)
Exports 2021: $75.256 million (2021 est.)
Exports 2020: $49.337 million (2020 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2022, 2021, 2020Exports 2021: $75.256 million (2021 est.)
Exports 2020: $49.337 million (2020 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - partners
Pakistan 54%, Germany 11%, Netherlands 7%, France 5%, UAE 3% (2023)
note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Exports - commodities
crude petroleum, cocoa beans, vehicle parts/accessories, palm oil, aircraft parts (2023)
note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports
Imports 2022: $219.322 million (2022 est.)
Imports 2021: $201.145 million (2021 est.)
Imports 2020: $160.097 million (2020 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2022, 2021, 2020Imports 2021: $201.145 million (2021 est.)
Imports 2020: $160.097 million (2020 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - partners
Portugal 35%, Angola 13%, Gabon 11%, Japan 8%, China 6% (2023)
note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Imports - commodities
ships, refined petroleum, rice, electric generating sets, cars (2023)
note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Energy & Resources
Electricity
installed generating capacity: 29,000 kW (2023 est.)
consumption: 47.05 million kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 40.95 million kWh (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023consumption: 47.05 million kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 40.95 million kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources
fossil fuels: 93.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
hydroelectricity: 6.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023hydroelectricity: 6.8% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Petroleum
refined petroleum consumption: 1,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Energy consumption per capita
Total energy consumption per capita 2023: 8.875 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Infrastructure
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 2,000 (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2023 est.)
Health
Maternal mortality ratio
75 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 7.8% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 14.9% of national budget (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022, 2021Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 14.9% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
0.46 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
Reference: 2022Hospital bed density
2.9 beds/1,000 population (2019 est.)
Reference: 2019Obesity - adult prevalence rate
12.4% (2016)
Reference: 2016Tobacco use
total: 7.3% (2025 est.)
male: 13.1% (2025 est.)
female: 1.7% (2025 est.)
male: 13.1% (2025 est.)
female: 1.7% (2025 est.)
Education
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 13 years (2021 est.)
male: 13 years (2021 est.)
female: 13 years (2021 est.)
Reference: 2021male: 13 years (2021 est.)
female: 13 years (2021 est.)
Rights, Freedoms & Society
Press & Media Freedom
V-Dem expert-coded/modelled source measures. Knelstrom does not create a press-freedom ranking or composite score.
LGBTQ+ Rights & Law
Concrete legal-status fields only; Knelstrom does not generate an LGBTQ rights score or country ranking.
Source: Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory (CC BY-SA 4.0). Community-edited legal-status summary; retrieved by Knelstrom and not legal advice.
Crime & Justice
Legal system
mixed system of civil law based on the Portuguese model and customary law
Judicial branch
highest court(s): Supreme Court or Supremo Tribunal Justica (consists of 5 judges); Constitutional Court or Tribunal Constitucional (consists of 5 judges, 3 of whom are from the Supreme Court)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges appointed by the National Assembly; judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges nominated by the president and elected by the National Assembly for 5-year terms
subordinate courts: Court of First Instance; Audit Court
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges appointed by the National Assembly; judge tenure NA; Constitutional Court judges nominated by the president and elected by the National Assembly for 5-year terms
subordinate courts: Court of First Instance; Audit Court
Military & Security
Military and security forces
Armed Forces of Sao Tome and Principe (Forcas Armadas de Sao Tome e Principe, FASTP): Army, Coast Guard of Sao Tome e Principe (Guarda Costeira de Sao Tome e Principe, GCSTP), Presidential Guard, National Guard (2024)
note: note: the Army and Coast Guard are responsible for external security while the public security police and judicial police maintain internal security; both the public security police and the military report to the Ministry of Defense and Internal Affairs; the judicial police report to the Ministry of Justice, Public Administration, and Human Rights
Reference: 2024note: note: the Army and Coast Guard are responsible for external security while the public security police and judicial police maintain internal security; both the public security police and the military report to the Ministry of Defense and Internal Affairs; the judicial police report to the Ministry of Justice, Public Administration, and Human Rights
Military and security service personnel strengths
approximately 500 active Armed Forces (2023)
Reference: 2023Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
the FASTP is lightly armed and has a small inventory of mostly older weapons and equipment (2023)
Reference: 2023Military service age and obligation
18 is the legal minimum age for compulsory military service (reportedly not enforced); 17 is the legal minimum age for voluntary service (2023)
Reference: 2023Military - note
the FASTP is one of the smallest militaries in Africa and consists of only a few companies of ground troops and some small patrol boats
in November 2022, the FASTP's headquarters was attacked shortly after the prime minister's inauguration in what São Tomé authorities described as an attempted coup; in 2024, the governments of Russia and São Tomé and Principe signed a military cooperation agreement, which included training, materiel and logistics support, and information sharing (2024)
Reference: 2024, 2022in November 2022, the FASTP's headquarters was attacked shortly after the prime minister's inauguration in what São Tomé authorities described as an attempted coup; in 2024, the governments of Russia and São Tomé and Principe signed a military cooperation agreement, which included training, materiel and logistics support, and information sharing (2024)
International Relations
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
Diplomatic representation in the US
chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant)
chancery: 122 East 42nd Street, Suite 1604
New York, NY 101168
telephone: [1] (212) 317-0533
FAX: [1] (212) 317-0580
email address and website: stp1@attglobal.net
Sao Tome and Principe Permanent Mission to the United Nations
chancery: 122 East 42nd Street, Suite 1604
New York, NY 101168
telephone: [1] (212) 317-0533
FAX: [1] (212) 317-0580
email address and website: stp1@attglobal.net
Sao Tome and Principe Permanent Mission to the United Nations
Diplomatic representation from the US
embassy: the US does not have an embassy in Sao Tome and Principe; the US Ambassador to Angola is accredited to Sao Tome and Principe
mailing address: 2290 Sao Tome Place, Washington DC 20521-2290
mailing address: 2290 Sao Tome Place, Washington DC 20521-2290
International organization participation
ACP, AfDB, AOSIS, AU, CD, CEMAC, CPLP, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
Treaties & Organisations
| Organisation | Status | Joined |
|---|---|---|
| African Union (AU) | member | — |
| United Nations (UN) | member | 1975-09-16 |
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; non-party state to the ICCt
International organization participation
ACP, AfDB, AOSIS, AU, CD, CEMAC, CPLP, EITI (candidate country), FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM (observer), IPU, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, PCA, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
Transportation & Logistics
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
S9
Airports
2 (2025)
Merchant marine
total: 25 (2023)
by type: general cargo 15, oil tanker 4, other 6
Reference: 2023by type: general cargo 15, oil tanker 4, other 6
Ports
total ports: 2 (2024)
large: 0
medium: 0
small: 0
very small: 2
ports with oil terminals: 0
key ports: Santo Antonio, Sao Tome
Reference: 2024large: 0
medium: 0
small: 0
very small: 2
ports with oil terminals: 0
key ports: Santo Antonio, Sao Tome
Environment
Environmental issues
deforestation and illegal logging; soil erosion and exhaustion; inadequate sewage treatment in cities; biodiversity
International environmental agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban
signed, but not ratified: Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban
Climate
tropical; hot, humid; one rainy season (October to May)
Land use
agricultural land: 44.8% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 4.2% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 39.6% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 1% (2023 est.)
forest: 57.5% (2023 est.)
other: 0% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 4.2% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 39.6% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 1% (2023 est.)
forest: 57.5% (2023 est.)
other: 0% (2023 est.)
Urbanization
urban population: 76.4% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 2.96% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Reference: 2023, 2020rate of urbanization: 2.96% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions
total emissions: 146,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids: 146,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023from petroleum and other liquids: 146,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Particulate matter emissions
29 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Reference: 2019Waste and recycling
municipal solid waste generated annually: 25,600 tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 16.9% (2022 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2022percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 16.9% (2022 est.)
Total water withdrawal
municipal: 14.7 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
industrial: 600,000 cubic meters (2022 est.)
agricultural: 25.6 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022industrial: 600,000 cubic meters (2022 est.)
agricultural: 25.6 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Total renewable water resources
2.18 billion cubic meters (2022)
Reference: 2022Communications & Media
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 2,000 (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2023 est.)
Broadcast media
1 state-owned TV station; 2 state-owned radio stations; 7 independent local radio stations; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are available
Internet country code
.st
Historical Trends
Population
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View Population data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 203,689 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | 206,970 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | 210,187 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | 213,392 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | 217,435 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | 221,961 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | 226,305 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | 230,871 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 235,536 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | 240,254 | world_bank_wdi |
GDP (current US$)
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View GDP (current US$) data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | $292,267,272 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | $322,002,845 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | $383,717,328 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | $412,976,083 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | $471,229,485 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | $524,402,456 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | $540,809,499 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | $690,456,807 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | $824,992,558 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | $981,293,587 | world_bank_wdi |
International migrant stock (immigrants)
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View International migrant stock (immigrants) data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 2,139 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 1,955 | world_bank_wdi |
International emigrant stock
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View International emigrant stock data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 13,668 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 1995 | 18,868 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2000 | 24,414 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2005 | 28,200 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2010 | 29,623 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2015 | 33,671 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2020 | 37,872 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2024 | 41,433 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
Net migration
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View Net migration data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | -1,793 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | -1,779 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | -1,757 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | -1,716 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | 0 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | -782 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | -592 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | -592 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | -604 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | -650 | world_bank_wdi |
Sources & Methodology
Current statistical observations include their reference period and provenance. Reference fields from approved source datasets are attributed below. Missing information is left unknown rather than inferred.
| Indicator | Value | Period | Source | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 240,254 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| UN Population Division population estimate | 244,994 | 2026 | UN Population Division Data Portal | Estimated |
| Wikidata population (fallback) | 204,327 | 2017 | Wikidata | Reported |
| International migrant stock (immigrants) | 1,955 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| International migrant stock | 0.8% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| International emigrant stock | 41,433 | 2024 | UN DESA International Migrant Stock 2024 | Estimated |
| Net migration | -650 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Refugees from this country | 8 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Asylum seekers from this country | 20 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Freedom of expression & alternative information index | 0.793 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Government censorship effort — media | 1.019 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Harassment of journalists | 1.958 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Print/broadcast media critical of government | 0.700 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Range of perspectives in major media | 0.759 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Media bias | 0.827 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Media self-censorship | 0.897 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Same-sex sexual activity | Yes Legal since 29 November 2012; + UN decl. sign. | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Recognition of same-sex relationships | No | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Same-sex marriage | No | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Same-sex adoption | No | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Sexual-orientation anti-discrimination law | Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| GDP (current US$) | $981,293,587 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| GDP per capita (current US$) | $4,084 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| GDP growth | 1.0% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Inflation, consumer prices | 11.0% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Unemployment | 9.1% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Income level | Lower middle income | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Life expectancy at birth | 69.9 years | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Fertility rate | 3.6 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Urban population | 69.2% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Individuals using the Internet | 59.1% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Exports of goods and services | 13.3% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Imports of goods and services | 33.3% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Trade | 46.6% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Adult literacy rate | 87.4% | 2019 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Secondary school enrolment, gross | 90.4% | 2017 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Government education expenditure | 5.0% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Access to electricity | 77.7% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Renewable energy consumption | 42.5% | 2022 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Current health expenditure | 5.8% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Infant mortality rate | 9.2 per 1,000 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Forest area | 52.1% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Mobile cellular subscriptions | 62.4 per 100 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Fixed broadband subscriptions | 3.0 per 100 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Secure Internet servers | 42 per million | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Latitude | 0.2062° | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Longitude | 6.6071° | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Latitude (Wikidata) | 0.3167° | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Longitude (Wikidata) | 6.6000° | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Time zone | UTC±00:00, Africa/Sao_Tome | current | Wikidata | Reported |
Data attribution
Credits below are generated from sources actually used by this country profile. Source-specific terms take precedence.
- CIA World Factbook, final 2025 country profile (structured via factbook.json). Accessed September 20, 2026. U.S. Government public-domain data; retained as a reference source where a newer approved field is not available. Source · Terms/licence
- United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, International Migrant Stock 2024; data access/processing via Our World in Data. Accessed September 20, 2026. Underlying UN dataset used under CC BY 3.0 IGO. Source · Terms/licence
- United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, World Population Prospects (WPP indicator 49) Accessed September 19, 2026. Used under CC BY 3.0 IGO; current-year WPP population values are presented as estimates/projections where applicable. Source · Terms/licence
- Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem), Country-Year Dataset v16 (variables: v2mebias, v2mecenefm, v2mecrit, v2meharjrn, v2merange, v2meslfcen, v2x_freexp_altinf) Accessed September 20, 2026. Used under CC BY-SA 4.0; V-Dem measures are expert-coded/modelled and no V-Dem endorsement is implied. Source · Terms/licence
- Wikidata structured data (CC0). Accessed September 20, 2026. Attribution is provided by Knelstrom for provenance although CC0 does not require it. Source · Terms/licence
- Wikipedia, “LGBTQ rights by country or territory” (source revision/data fields: Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Recognition of same-sex relationships, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex adoption, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex marriage, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex sexual activity, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Sexual-orientation anti-discrimination law) Accessed September 20, 2026. Used under CC BY-SA 4.0. Knelstrom changes formatting and presents the imported material as a community-edited legal-status summary, not legal advice or a Knelstrom rights score. Source · Terms/licence
- World Bank, World Development Indicators (series: AG.LND.FRST.ZS, country_metadata, EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS, EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS, FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG, IT.CEL.SETS.P2, IT.NET.BBND.P2, IT.NET.SECR.P6, IT.NET.USER.ZS, NE.EXP.GNFS.ZS, NE.IMP.GNFS.ZS, NE.TRD.GNFS.ZS, NY.GDP.MKTP.CD, NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG, NY.GDP.PCAP.CD, SE.ADT.LITR.ZS, SE.SEC.ENRR, SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS, SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS, SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS, SM.POP.ASYS.EO, SM.POP.NETM, SM.POP.RHCR.EO, SM.POP.TOTL, SM.POP.TOTL.ZS, SP.DYN.IMRT.IN, SP.DYN.LE00.IN, SP.DYN.TFRT.IN, SP.POP.TOTL, SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS) Accessed September 20, 2026. Data used under CC BY 4.0; Knelstrom presentation/formatting may differ from the source. Source · Terms/licence
Knelstrom does not imply endorsement by any listed data provider.
Last automated statistical refresh: 2026-09-20 02:10:30