Knelstrom Intelligence · World Factbook
Republic of the Congo
CapitalBrazzaville
Population6,484,437
GDP$16.3bn
Area342,000 km²
RegionSub-Saharan Africa
Data sources current · last checked September 20, 2026 2:11 am
Country facts
Overview
Background
Upon independence in 1960, the former French region of Middle Congo became the Republic of the Congo. From 1968 to 1992, the country was named the People’s Republic of the Congo. A quarter-century of experimentation with Marxism was abandoned in 1990, and a democratically elected government took office in 1992, at which time the country reverted to "the Republic of the Congo" name. A two-year civil war that ended in 1999 restored to power former President Denis SASSOU-Nguesso, who had ruled from 1979 to 1992. A new constitution adopted three years later provided for a multi-party system and a seven-year presidential term, and the next elections retained SASSOU-Nguesso. After a year of renewed fighting, SASSOU-Nguesso and southern-based rebel groups agreed to a final peace accord in 2003. SASSOU-Nguesso was reelected in 2009 and, after passing a constitutional referendum allowing him to run for additional terms, was reelected again in 2016 and 2021. The Republic of the Congo is one of Africa's largest petroleum producers.
Reference: 2021, 2016, 2009, 2003Geography
Location
Central Africa, bordering the South Atlantic Ocean, between Angola and Gabon
Map references
Africa
Area
total: 342,000 sq km
land: 341,500 sq km
water: 500 sq km
land: 341,500 sq km
water: 500 sq km
Area - comparative
slightly smaller than Montana; about twice the size of Florida
Land boundaries
total: 5,554 km
border countries: Angola 231 km; Cameroon 494 km; Central African Republic 487 km; Democratic Republic of the Congo 1,775 km; Gabon 2,567 km
border countries: Angola 231 km; Cameroon 494 km; Central African Republic 487 km; Democratic Republic of the Congo 1,775 km; Gabon 2,567 km
Coastline
169 km
Maritime claims
territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Climate
tropical; rainy season (March to June); dry season (June to October); persistent high temperatures and humidity; particularly enervating climate astride the Equator
Terrain
coastal plain, southern basin, central plateau, northern basin
Elevation
highest point: Mont Nabeba 1,020 m
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
mean elevation: 430 m
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
mean elevation: 430 m
Natural resources
petroleum, timber, potash, lead, zinc, uranium, copper, phosphates, gold, magnesium, natural gas, hydropower
Land use
agricultural land: 31.3% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 1.6% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0.4% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 29.3% (2022 est.)
forest: 64.2% (2022 est.)
other: 4.5% (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 1.6% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0.4% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 29.3% (2022 est.)
forest: 64.2% (2022 est.)
other: 4.5% (2022 est.)
Irrigated land
20 sq km (2012)
Reference: 2012Major rivers (by length in km)
Oubangui (Ubangi) (shared with Central African Republic [s] and Democratic Republic of Congo [m]) - 2,270 km
note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
note: [s] after country name indicates river source; [m] after country name indicates river mouth
Major watersheds (area sq km)
Atlantic Ocean drainage: Congo (3,730,881 sq km)
Major aquifers
Congo Basin
Population distribution
the population is primarily located in the south, in and around the capital of Brazzaville, as shown in this population distribution map
Natural hazards
seasonal flooding
Geography - note
about 70% of the population lives in Brazzaville, Pointe-Noire, or along the railroad between them
Population & Society
Nationality
noun: Congolese (singular and plural)
adjective: Congolese or Congo
adjective: Congolese or Congo
Ethnic groups
Kongo (Bakongo) 40.5%, Teke 16.9%, Mbochi 13.1%, foreigner 8.2%, Sangha 5.6%, Mbere/Mbeti/Kele 4.4%, Punu 4.3%, Pygmy 1.6%, Oubanguiens 1.6%, Duma 1.5%, Makaa 1.3%, other and unspecified 1% (2014-15 est.)
Reference: 2014Languages
Languages: French (official), French Lingala and Monokutuba (trade languages), many local languages and dialects (of which Kikongo is the most widespread)
major-language sample(s): Buku oyo ya bosembo ya Mokili Mobimba Ezali na Makanisi ya Liboso Mpenza. (Lingala)
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major-language sample(s): Buku oyo ya bosembo ya Mokili Mobimba Ezali na Makanisi ya Liboso Mpenza. (Lingala)
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Religions
Roman Catholic 33.1%, Awakening Churches/Christian Revival 22.3%, Protestant 19.9%, Salutiste 2.2%, Muslim 1.6%, Kimbanguist 1.5%, other 8.1%, none 11.3% (2007 est.)
Reference: 2007Age structure
0-14 years: 37.8% (male 1,162,298/female 1,143,668)
15-64 years: 57.8% (male 1,770,337/female 1,756,925)
65 years and over: 4.3% (2024 est.) (male 113,338/female 151,099)
Reference: 202415-64 years: 57.8% (male 1,770,337/female 1,756,925)
65 years and over: 4.3% (2024 est.) (male 113,338/female 151,099)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio: 72.9 (2024 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 65.4 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 7.5 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio: 13.3 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024youth dependency ratio: 65.4 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 7.5 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio: 13.3 (2024 est.)
Median age
total: 20.7 years (2024 est.)
male: 20.5 years
female: 20.9 years
Reference: 2024male: 20.5 years
female: 20.9 years
Population growth rate
2.38% (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Birth rate
28.7 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Death rate
4.8 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Population distribution
the population is primarily located in the south, in and around the capital of Brazzaville, as shown in this population distribution map
Major urban areas - population
2.638 million BRAZZAVILLE (capital), 1.336 million Pointe-Noire (2023)
Reference: 2023Sex ratio
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Reference: 20240-14 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.75 male(s)/female
total population: 1 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth
19.6 years (2011/12 est.)
note: note: data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49
Reference: 2011note: note: data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49
Maternal mortality ratio
241 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Gross reproduction rate
1.87 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 3.9% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 3.5% of national budget (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022, 2021Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 3.5% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
0.17 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
Reference: 2022Obesity - adult prevalence rate
9.6% (2016)
Reference: 2016Alcohol consumption per capita
total: 5.74 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer: 5.11 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 0.1 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 0.52 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Reference: 2019beer: 5.11 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 0.1 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 0.52 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0.01 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Tobacco use
total: 15.8% (2025 est.)
male: 30% (2025 est.)
female: 1.7% (2025 est.)
male: 30% (2025 est.)
female: 1.7% (2025 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
51.8% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Child marriage
women married by age 15: 6.9% (2015)
women married by age 18: 27.3% (2015)
men married by age 18: 5.6% (2018 est.)
Reference: 2018, 2015women married by age 18: 27.3% (2015)
men married by age 18: 5.6% (2018 est.)
Migration & Displacement
Immigrant/emigrant stock measures the number of international migrants resident in, or originating from, the country; it is not the same as annual immigration/emigration flows.
Refugees and internally displaced persons
refugees: 69,766 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Government & Politics
| Office | Holder | Affiliation | From | Status | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Head of government | Anatole Collinet Makosso | — | 2021-05-12 | Current | Reported |
| Head of state | Denis Sassou-Nguesso | — | 1997-10-25 | Current | Reported |
Country name
conventional long form: Republic of the Congo
conventional short form: Congo (Brazzaville)
local long form: République du Congo
local short form: Congo
former: French Congo, Middle Congo, People's Republic of the Congo, Congo/Brazzaville
etymology: named for the Congo River, which makes up much of the country's eastern border; the river name derives from Kongo, a Bantu kingdom in the area
conventional short form: Congo (Brazzaville)
local long form: République du Congo
local short form: Congo
former: French Congo, Middle Congo, People's Republic of the Congo, Congo/Brazzaville
etymology: named for the Congo River, which makes up much of the country's eastern border; the river name derives from Kongo, a Bantu kingdom in the area
Capital
name: Brazzaville
geographic coordinates: 4 15 S, 15 17 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: named after the Italian-born French explorer and humanitarian, Pierre Savorgnan de BRAZZA (1852-1905), who founded the town in 1883
Reference: 1905geographic coordinates: 4 15 S, 15 17 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: named after the Italian-born French explorer and humanitarian, Pierre Savorgnan de BRAZZA (1852-1905), who founded the town in 1883
Administrative divisions
15 departments; Bouenza, Brazzaville, Congo-Oubangui, Cuvette, Cuvette-Ouest, Djoue-Lefini, Kouilou, Lekoumou, Likouala, Niari, Nkeni-Alima, Plateaux, Pointe-Noire, Pool, Sangha
Legal system
mixed system of French civil law and customary law
Constitution
history: several previous; latest approved by referendum 25 October 2015
amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic or by Parliament; passage of presidential proposals requires Supreme Court review followed by approval in a referendum; such proposals may also be submitted directly to Parliament, in which case passage requires at least three-quarters majority vote of both houses in joint session; proposals by Parliament require three-fourths majority vote of both houses in joint session; constitutional articles including those affecting the country’s territory, republican form of government, and secularity of the state are not amendable
Reference: 2015amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic or by Parliament; passage of presidential proposals requires Supreme Court review followed by approval in a referendum; such proposals may also be submitted directly to Parliament, in which case passage requires at least three-quarters majority vote of both houses in joint session; proposals by Parliament require three-fourths majority vote of both houses in joint session; constitutional articles including those affecting the country’s territory, republican form of government, and secularity of the state are not amendable
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Citizenship
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of the Republic of the Congo
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of the Republic of the Congo
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch
chief of state: President Denis SASSOU-Nguesso (since 1997)
head of government: Prime Minister Anatole Collinet MAKOSSO (since 12 May 2021)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president
election/appointment process: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for 2 additional terms)
most recent election date: 21 March 2021
election results: 2021: Denis SASSOU-Nguesso reelected president in the first round; percent of vote - Denis SASSOU-Nguesso (PCT) 88.4%, Guy Price Parfait KOLELAS (MCDDI) 8.0%, other 3.6%
2016: Denis SASSOU-Nguesso reelected president in the first round; percent of vote - Denis SASSOU-Nguesso (PCT) 60.4%, Guy Price Parfait KOLELAS (MCDDI) 15.1%, Jean-Marie MOKOKO (independent) 13.9%, Pascal Tsaty MABIALA (UPADS) 4.4%, other 6.2%
expected date of next election: 21 March 2026
Reference: 2026, 2021, 2016, 1997head of government: Prime Minister Anatole Collinet MAKOSSO (since 12 May 2021)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president
election/appointment process: president directly elected by absolute majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for 2 additional terms)
most recent election date: 21 March 2021
election results: 2021: Denis SASSOU-Nguesso reelected president in the first round; percent of vote - Denis SASSOU-Nguesso (PCT) 88.4%, Guy Price Parfait KOLELAS (MCDDI) 8.0%, other 3.6%
2016: Denis SASSOU-Nguesso reelected president in the first round; percent of vote - Denis SASSOU-Nguesso (PCT) 60.4%, Guy Price Parfait KOLELAS (MCDDI) 15.1%, Jean-Marie MOKOKO (independent) 13.9%, Pascal Tsaty MABIALA (UPADS) 4.4%, other 6.2%
expected date of next election: 21 March 2026
Legislative branch
legislature name: Parliament (Parlement)
legislative structure: bicameral
legislative structure: bicameral
Legislative branch - lower chamber
chamber name: National Assembly (Assemblée nationale)
number of seats: 151 (all directly elected)
electoral system: plurality/majority
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 5 years
most recent election date: 7/10/2022 to 7/31/2022
parties elected and seats per party: Congolese Workers Party (PCT) (112); Other (39)
percentage of women in chamber: 14.6%
expected date of next election: July 2026
Reference: 2026, 2022number of seats: 151 (all directly elected)
electoral system: plurality/majority
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 5 years
most recent election date: 7/10/2022 to 7/31/2022
parties elected and seats per party: Congolese Workers Party (PCT) (112); Other (39)
percentage of women in chamber: 14.6%
expected date of next election: July 2026
Legislative branch - upper chamber
chamber name: Senate (Sénat)
number of seats: 72 (all indirectly elected)
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 6 years
most recent election date: 8/20/2023
percentage of women in chamber: 31.9%
expected date of next election: August 2029
Reference: 2029, 2023number of seats: 72 (all indirectly elected)
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 6 years
most recent election date: 8/20/2023
percentage of women in chamber: 31.9%
expected date of next election: August 2029
Judicial branch
highest court(s): Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of NA judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges elected by Parliament and serve until age 65; Constitutional Court members appointed by the president of the republic - 3 directly by the president and 6 nominated by Parliament; members appointed for renewable 9-year terms with one third of the membership renewed every 3 years
subordinate courts: Court of Audit and Budgetary Discipline; courts of appeal; regional and district courts; employment tribunals; juvenile courts
note: note: a High Court of Justice, outside the judicial authority, tries cases involving treason by the President of the Republic
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges elected by Parliament and serve until age 65; Constitutional Court members appointed by the president of the republic - 3 directly by the president and 6 nominated by Parliament; members appointed for renewable 9-year terms with one third of the membership renewed every 3 years
subordinate courts: Court of Audit and Budgetary Discipline; courts of appeal; regional and district courts; employment tribunals; juvenile courts
note: note: a High Court of Justice, outside the judicial authority, tries cases involving treason by the President of the Republic
Political parties
Alliance of the Presidential Majority or AMP
Action Movement for Renewal or MAR
Citizen's Rally or RC
Congolese Labour Party or PCT
Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integral Development or MCDDI
Congo on the Move or LCEM
Movement for Unity, Solidarity, and Work or MUST
Pan-African Union for Social Development or UPADS
Club 2002-Party for the Unity and the Republic or Club 2002
Patriotic Union for Democracy and Progress or UPDP
Perspectives and Realities Club or CPR
Rally for Democracy and Social Progress or RDPS
Republican and Liberal Party or PRL
Union of Democratic Forces or UDF
Union for Democracy and Republic or UDR
Union of Humanist Democrats or UDH-YUKI
Union for the Republic or UR
Reference: 2002Action Movement for Renewal or MAR
Citizen's Rally or RC
Congolese Labour Party or PCT
Congolese Movement for Democracy and Integral Development or MCDDI
Congo on the Move or LCEM
Movement for Unity, Solidarity, and Work or MUST
Pan-African Union for Social Development or UPADS
Club 2002-Party for the Unity and the Republic or Club 2002
Patriotic Union for Democracy and Progress or UPDP
Perspectives and Realities Club or CPR
Rally for Democracy and Social Progress or RDPS
Republican and Liberal Party or PRL
Union of Democratic Forces or UDF
Union for Democracy and Republic or UDR
Union of Humanist Democrats or UDH-YUKI
Union for the Republic or UR
Diplomatic representation in the US
chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Firmine BOUITY (since 6 September 2025)
chancery: 1720 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009
telephone: [1] (202) 726-5500
FAX: [1] (202) 726-1860
email address and website: info@ambacongo-us.org
http://www.ambacongo-us.org/en-us/home.aspx
chancery: 1720 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009
telephone: [1] (202) 726-5500
FAX: [1] (202) 726-1860
email address and website: info@ambacongo-us.org
http://www.ambacongo-us.org/en-us/home.aspx
Diplomatic representation from the US
chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Amanda S. JACOBSEN (since 18 July 2025)
embassy: 70-83 Section D, Boulevard Denis Sassou N'Guesso, Brazzaville
mailing address: 2090 Brazzaville Place, Washington DC 20521-2090
telephone: [242] 06 612-2000, [242] 05 387-9700
email address and website: BrazzavilleACS@state.gov
https://cg.usembassy.gov/
Reference: 2090, 2025, 2000embassy: 70-83 Section D, Boulevard Denis Sassou N'Guesso, Brazzaville
mailing address: 2090 Brazzaville Place, Washington DC 20521-2090
telephone: [242] 06 612-2000, [242] 05 387-9700
email address and website: BrazzavilleACS@state.gov
https://cg.usembassy.gov/
International organization participation
ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, EITI (compliant country), FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LCBC (observer), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Independence
15 August 1960 (from France)
Reference: 1960National holiday
Independence Day, 15 August (1960)
Reference: 1960Flag
description: divided diagonally from the lower-left side by a wide yellow band; the upper triangle (left side) is green, and the lower triangle is red
meaning: green stands for agriculture and forests, and yellow for the people's friendship and nobility; the meaning of the red color is not noted but has been associated with the struggle for independence
note: history: uses the colors of the Pan-African movement
meaning: green stands for agriculture and forests, and yellow for the people's friendship and nobility; the meaning of the red color is not noted but has been associated with the struggle for independence
note: history: uses the colors of the Pan-African movement
National symbol(s)
lion, elephant
National color(s)
green, yellow, red
National anthem(s)
title: "La Congolaise" (The Congolese)
lyrics/music: Jacques TONDRA and Georges KIBANGHI/Jean ROYER and Joseph SPADILIERE
history: originally adopted 1959, restored 1991
Reference: 1991, 1959lyrics/music: Jacques TONDRA and Georges KIBANGHI/Jean ROYER and Joseph SPADILIERE
history: originally adopted 1959, restored 1991
National heritage
total World Heritage Sites: 2 (natural)
selected World Heritage Site locales: Sangha Trinational Forest; Forest Massif of Odzala-Kokoua
selected World Heritage Site locales: Sangha Trinational Forest; Forest Massif of Odzala-Kokoua
Government & Official Links
| Institution | Official website | X / Twitter | Verification |
|---|---|---|---|
| Republic of the Congo official website | Official website | — | Reported · source Checked September 20, 2026 |
Institutional accounts only; personal accounts of political office-holders are excluded.
Legislature & Elections
Legislature
| Name | Chamber | Seats | Electoral system |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parliament of the Republic of the Congo | — | — | — |
Economy
Economic overview
primarily an oil- and natural resources-based economy; recovery from mid-2010s oil devaluation has been slow and curtailed by COVID-19; extreme poverty increasing, particularly in southern rural regions; attempting to implement recommended CEMAC reforms; increasing likelihood of debt default
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024: $39.147 billion (2024 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $38.163 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $37.448 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $38.163 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $37.448 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP per capita
Real GDP per capita 2024: $6,200 (2024 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023: $6,200 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $6,200 (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Real GDP per capita 2023: $6,200 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $6,200 (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
agriculture: 9.4% (2024 est.)
industry: 40.1% (2024 est.)
services: 45% (2024 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
Reference: 2024industry: 40.1% (2024 est.)
services: 45% (2024 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
GDP - composition, by end use
household consumption: 47.4% (2024 est.)
government consumption: 13.4% (2024 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 26.5% (2024 est.)
investment in inventories: 0.3% (2024 est.)
exports of goods and services: 52.8% (2024 est.)
imports of goods and services: -40.4% (2024 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Reference: 2024government consumption: 13.4% (2024 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 26.5% (2024 est.)
investment in inventories: 0.3% (2024 est.)
exports of goods and services: 52.8% (2024 est.)
imports of goods and services: -40.4% (2024 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Agricultural products
cassava, sugarcane, oil palm fruit, bananas, plantains, root vegetables, game meat, vegetables, mangoes/guavas, fruits (2023)
note: note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Reference: 2023note: note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Industries
petroleum extraction, cement, lumber, brewing, sugar, palm oil, soap, flour, cigarettes
Industrial production growth rate
0.3% (2024 est.)
note: note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Reference: 2024note: note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Labor force
2.563 million (2024 est.)
note: note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Reference: 2024note: note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
total: 40% (2024 est.)
male: 41% (2024 est.)
female: 39% (2024 est.)
note: note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Reference: 2024male: 41% (2024 est.)
female: 39% (2024 est.)
note: note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Remittances
Remittances 2023: 0.3% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2022: 0.3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2021: 0.3% of GDP (2021 est.)
note: note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Reference: 2023, 2022, 2021Remittances 2022: 0.3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2021: 0.3% of GDP (2021 est.)
note: note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Budget
revenues: $2.393 billion (2020 est.)
expenditures: $3.231 billion (2020 est.)
note: note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Reference: 2020expenditures: $3.231 billion (2020 est.)
note: note: central government revenues (excluding grants) and expenditures converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Public debt
Public debt 2016: 128.7% of GDP (2016 est.)
Reference: 2016Taxes and other revenues
6.5% (of GDP) (2021 est.)
note: note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
Reference: 2021note: note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
Current account balance
Current account balance 2021: $1.716 billion (2021 est.)
Current account balance 2020: $1.441 billion (2020 est.)
Current account balance 2019: $1.632 billion (2019 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Reference: 2021, 2020, 2019Current account balance 2020: $1.441 billion (2020 est.)
Current account balance 2019: $1.632 billion (2019 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
Exports 2021: $7.752 billion (2021 est.)
Exports 2020: $4.67 billion (2020 est.)
Exports 2019: $7.855 billion (2019 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2021, 2020, 2019Exports 2020: $4.67 billion (2020 est.)
Exports 2019: $7.855 billion (2019 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - partners
China 46%, UAE 23%, India 6%, Saudi Arabia 5%, Portugal 3% (2023)
note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Exports - commodities
crude petroleum, refined copper, gold, wood, refined petroleum (2023)
note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports
Imports 2021: $4.487 billion (2021 est.)
Imports 2020: $3.279 billion (2020 est.)
Imports 2019: $4.945 billion (2019 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2021, 2020, 2019Imports 2020: $3.279 billion (2020 est.)
Imports 2019: $4.945 billion (2019 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - partners
China 24%, Angola 20%, Gabon 9%, France 6%, UAE 5% (2023)
note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Imports - commodities
ships, poultry, garments, iron pipes, refined petroleum (2023)
note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $715.391 million (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $835.649 million (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021: $828.56 million (2021 est.)
note: note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Reference: 2023, 2022, 2021Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $835.649 million (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021: $828.56 million (2021 est.)
note: note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Debt - external
Debt - external 2023: $6.36 billion (2023 est.)
note: note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
Exchange rates
Currency: Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2024: 606.345 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 606.57 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 623.76 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 554.531 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020: 575.586 (2020 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Exchange rates 2024: 606.345 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 606.57 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 623.76 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 554.531 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020: 575.586 (2020 est.)
Trade
Current account balance
Current account balance 2021: $1.716 billion (2021 est.)
Current account balance 2020: $1.441 billion (2020 est.)
Current account balance 2019: $1.632 billion (2019 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Reference: 2021, 2020, 2019Current account balance 2020: $1.441 billion (2020 est.)
Current account balance 2019: $1.632 billion (2019 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
Exports 2021: $7.752 billion (2021 est.)
Exports 2020: $4.67 billion (2020 est.)
Exports 2019: $7.855 billion (2019 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2021, 2020, 2019Exports 2020: $4.67 billion (2020 est.)
Exports 2019: $7.855 billion (2019 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - partners
China 46%, UAE 23%, India 6%, Saudi Arabia 5%, Portugal 3% (2023)
note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Exports - commodities
crude petroleum, refined copper, gold, wood, refined petroleum (2023)
note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports
Imports 2021: $4.487 billion (2021 est.)
Imports 2020: $3.279 billion (2020 est.)
Imports 2019: $4.945 billion (2019 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2021, 2020, 2019Imports 2020: $3.279 billion (2020 est.)
Imports 2019: $4.945 billion (2019 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - partners
China 24%, Angola 20%, Gabon 9%, France 6%, UAE 5% (2023)
note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Imports - commodities
ships, poultry, garments, iron pipes, refined petroleum (2023)
note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Energy & Resources
Electricity
installed generating capacity: 842,000 kW (2023 est.)
consumption: 2.832 billion kWh (2023 est.)
exports: 31 million kWh (2023 est.)
imports: 30.588 million kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 2.335 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023consumption: 2.832 billion kWh (2023 est.)
exports: 31 million kWh (2023 est.)
imports: 30.588 million kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 2.335 billion kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources
fossil fuels: 79.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
solar: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
hydroelectricity: 20.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
biomass and waste: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023solar: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
hydroelectricity: 20.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
biomass and waste: 0.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Coal
imports: 65 metric tons (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Petroleum
total petroleum production: 267,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
refined petroleum consumption: 13,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
crude oil estimated reserves: 2.882 billion barrels (2021 est.)
Reference: 2023, 2021refined petroleum consumption: 13,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
crude oil estimated reserves: 2.882 billion barrels (2021 est.)
Natural gas
production: 425 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
consumption: 425 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
proven reserves: 283.99 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
Reference: 2023, 2021consumption: 425 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
proven reserves: 283.99 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
Energy consumption per capita
Total energy consumption per capita 2023: 7.351 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Infrastructure
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 17,000 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2022 est.) less than 1
Reference: 2022, 2020subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2022 est.) less than 1
Health
Maternal mortality ratio
241 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 3.9% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 3.5% of national budget (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022, 2021Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 3.5% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
0.17 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
Reference: 2022Obesity - adult prevalence rate
9.6% (2016)
Reference: 2016Tobacco use
total: 15.8% (2025 est.)
male: 30% (2025 est.)
female: 1.7% (2025 est.)
male: 30% (2025 est.)
female: 1.7% (2025 est.)
Education
Rights, Freedoms & Society
Press & Media Freedom
V-Dem expert-coded/modelled source measures. Knelstrom does not create a press-freedom ranking or composite score.
LGBTQ+ Rights & Law
Concrete legal-status fields only; Knelstrom does not generate an LGBTQ rights score or country ranking.
Source: Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory (CC BY-SA 4.0). Community-edited legal-status summary; retrieved by Knelstrom and not legal advice.
Crime & Justice
Legal system
mixed system of French civil law and customary law
Judicial branch
highest court(s): Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of NA judges); Constitutional Court (consists of 9 members)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges elected by Parliament and serve until age 65; Constitutional Court members appointed by the president of the republic - 3 directly by the president and 6 nominated by Parliament; members appointed for renewable 9-year terms with one third of the membership renewed every 3 years
subordinate courts: Court of Audit and Budgetary Discipline; courts of appeal; regional and district courts; employment tribunals; juvenile courts
note: note: a High Court of Justice, outside the judicial authority, tries cases involving treason by the President of the Republic
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges elected by Parliament and serve until age 65; Constitutional Court members appointed by the president of the republic - 3 directly by the president and 6 nominated by Parliament; members appointed for renewable 9-year terms with one third of the membership renewed every 3 years
subordinate courts: Court of Audit and Budgetary Discipline; courts of appeal; regional and district courts; employment tribunals; juvenile courts
note: note: a High Court of Justice, outside the judicial authority, tries cases involving treason by the President of the Republic
Military & Security
Military and security forces
Congolese Armed Forces (Forces Armees Congolaises, FAC): Army, Navy, Congolese Air Force, National Gendarmerie
Ministry of Interior: National Police (2025)
note: note: the National Gendarmerie (GN) is a paramilitary force with domestic law enforcement and security responsibilities; it is under the Ministry of Defense, but also reports to the Ministry of Interior; the GN nominally includes the Republican Guard (GR), which is responsible for presidential security and has a separate command structure
Ministry of Interior: National Police (2025)
note: note: the National Gendarmerie (GN) is a paramilitary force with domestic law enforcement and security responsibilities; it is under the Ministry of Defense, but also reports to the Ministry of Interior; the GN nominally includes the Republican Guard (GR), which is responsible for presidential security and has a separate command structure
Military expenditures
Military Expenditures 2024: 1.2% of GDP (2024 est.)
Military Expenditures 2023: 2% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military Expenditures 2022: 1.8% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military Expenditures 2021: 2.4% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military Expenditures 2020: 2.8% of GDP (2020 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Military Expenditures 2023: 2% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military Expenditures 2022: 1.8% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military Expenditures 2021: 2.4% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military Expenditures 2020: 2.8% of GDP (2020 est.)
Military and security service personnel strengths
approximately 12-14,000 active FAC, including Gendarmerie (2025)
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
the FAC has mostly Soviet-era armaments, with a small mix of Chinese, French, and South African equipment (2024)
Reference: 2024Military service age and obligation
18-25 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; conscription ended in 1969 (2024)
Reference: 2024, 1969Military deployments
has about 190 mostly police personnel deployed to the Central African Republic (MINUSCA) (2024)
Reference: 2024Military - note
the FAC's primary focuses are internal and maritime security; since its creation in 1961, the FAC has had a turbulent history; it has been sidelined by some national leaders in favor of personal militias, endured an internal rebellion (1996), and clashed with various rebel groups and political or ethnic militias (1993-1996, 2002-2005, 2017); during the 1997-1999 civil war, the military generally split along ethnic lines, with most northern officers supporting eventual winner SASSOU-Nguesso, and most southerners backing the rebels; others joined ethnic-based factions loyal to regional warlords; forces backing SASSOU-Nguesso were supported by Angolan troops and received some French assistance; the FAC also has undergone at least three reorganizations that included the incorporation of former rebel combatants and various ethnic and political militias; in recent years, France has provided some advice and training, and a military cooperation agreement was signed with Russia in 2019 (2025)
Reference: 2025, 2019, 2017, 2005International Relations
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Diplomatic representation in the US
chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d'Affaires Firmine BOUITY (since 6 September 2025)
chancery: 1720 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009
telephone: [1] (202) 726-5500
FAX: [1] (202) 726-1860
email address and website: info@ambacongo-us.org
http://www.ambacongo-us.org/en-us/home.aspx
chancery: 1720 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009
telephone: [1] (202) 726-5500
FAX: [1] (202) 726-1860
email address and website: info@ambacongo-us.org
http://www.ambacongo-us.org/en-us/home.aspx
Diplomatic representation from the US
chief of mission: Ambassador (vacant); Chargé d’Affaires Amanda S. JACOBSEN (since 18 July 2025)
embassy: 70-83 Section D, Boulevard Denis Sassou N'Guesso, Brazzaville
mailing address: 2090 Brazzaville Place, Washington DC 20521-2090
telephone: [242] 06 612-2000, [242] 05 387-9700
email address and website: BrazzavilleACS@state.gov
https://cg.usembassy.gov/
Reference: 2090, 2025, 2000embassy: 70-83 Section D, Boulevard Denis Sassou N'Guesso, Brazzaville
mailing address: 2090 Brazzaville Place, Washington DC 20521-2090
telephone: [242] 06 612-2000, [242] 05 387-9700
email address and website: BrazzavilleACS@state.gov
https://cg.usembassy.gov/
International organization participation
ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, EITI (compliant country), FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LCBC (observer), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Treaties & Organisations
| Organisation | Status | Joined |
|---|---|---|
| African Union (AU) | member | — |
| OPEC (OPEC) | member | 2018-06-00 |
| United Nations (UN) | member | 1960-09-20 |
| World Trade Organization (WTO) | member | — |
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
International organization participation
ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, EITI (compliant country), FAO, FZ, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO (correspondent), ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LCBC (observer), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Conflict & Security
Refugees and internally displaced persons
refugees: 69,766 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Trafficking in persons
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List — the Republic of the Congo does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking, but the government has devoted sufficient resources to a written plan that, if implemented, would constitute significant efforts to meet the minimum standards; therefore, the Republic of the Congo was granted a waiver per the Trafficking Victims Protection Act from an otherwise required downgrade to Tier 3 and remained on Tier 2 Watch List for the third consecutive year; for more details, go to: https://www.state.gov/reports/2025-trafficking-in-persons-report/republic-of-the-congo/
Transportation & Logistics
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
TN
Airports
56 (2025)
Railways
total: 510 km (2014)
narrow gauge: 510 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge
Reference: 2014narrow gauge: 510 km (2014) 1.067-m gauge
Merchant marine
total: 11 (2023)
by type: oil tanker 1, other 10
Reference: 2023by type: oil tanker 1, other 10
Ports
total ports: 5 (2024)
large: 0
medium: 0
small: 1
very small: 4
ports with oil terminals: 4
key ports: Djeno Terminal, Dussafu Terminal, N'kossa Terminal, Pointe Noire, Yombo Terminal
Reference: 2024large: 0
medium: 0
small: 1
very small: 4
ports with oil terminals: 4
key ports: Djeno Terminal, Dussafu Terminal, N'kossa Terminal, Pointe Noire, Yombo Terminal
Environment
Environmental issues
air pollution from vehicle emissions; water pollution from raw sewage; tap water not potable; deforestation; wildlife protection
International environmental agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Protocol, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Reference: 2006signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Climate
tropical; rainy season (March to June); dry season (June to October); persistent high temperatures and humidity; particularly enervating climate astride the Equator
Land use
agricultural land: 31.3% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 1.6% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0.4% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 29.3% (2022 est.)
forest: 64.2% (2022 est.)
other: 4.5% (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 1.6% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0.4% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 29.3% (2022 est.)
forest: 64.2% (2022 est.)
other: 4.5% (2022 est.)
Urbanization
urban population: 69.2% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 3.19% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Reference: 2023, 2020rate of urbanization: 3.19% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions
total emissions: 2.66 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids: 1.826 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from consumed natural gas: 834,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023from petroleum and other liquids: 1.826 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from consumed natural gas: 834,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Particulate matter emissions
36.5 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Reference: 2019Methane emissions
energy: 308.8 kt (2022-2024 est.)
agriculture: 19.7 kt (2019-2021 est.)
waste: 25.3 kt (2019-2021 est.)
other: 11.4 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2022, 2021, 2019agriculture: 19.7 kt (2019-2021 est.)
waste: 25.3 kt (2019-2021 est.)
other: 11.4 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Waste and recycling
municipal solid waste generated annually: 451,200 tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 17.2% (2022 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2022percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 17.2% (2022 est.)
Total water withdrawal
municipal: 63.7 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
industrial: 24 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
agricultural: 4 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022industrial: 24 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
agricultural: 4 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Total renewable water resources
832 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022Communications & Media
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 17,000 (2020 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2022 est.) less than 1
Reference: 2022, 2020subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: (2022 est.) less than 1
Broadcast media
1 state-owned TV and 3 state-owned radio stations; several privately owned TV and radio stations; satellite TV service is available; rebroadcasts of several international broadcasters are available
Internet country code
.cg
Historical Trends
Population
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View Population data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 5,222,536 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | 5,351,011 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | 5,483,118 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | 5,616,661 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | 5,752,791 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | 5,892,183 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | 6,035,104 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | 6,182,885 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 6,332,961 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | 6,484,437 | world_bank_wdi |
GDP (current US$)
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View GDP (current US$) data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | $10,931,328,151 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | $11,834,473,039 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | $14,773,900,289 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | $13,976,637,780 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | $11,468,687,464 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | $14,825,690,211 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | $15,817,030,155 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | $15,321,055,823 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | $15,719,986,077 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | $16,306,633,779 | world_bank_wdi |
International migrant stock (immigrants)
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View International migrant stock (immigrants) data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 387,606 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 385,589 | world_bank_wdi |
International emigrant stock
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View International emigrant stock data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 64,367 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 1995 | 88,142 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2000 | 118,262 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2005 | 160,242 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2010 | 169,150 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2015 | 201,319 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2020 | 220,301 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2024 | 231,080 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
Net migration
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View Net migration data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | -14,783 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | -11,601 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | -8,856 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | -6,268 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | -4,472 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | -4,476 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | -995 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | -995 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | -2,491 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | -2,999 | world_bank_wdi |
Sources & Methodology
Current statistical observations include their reference period and provenance. Reference fields from approved source datasets are attributed below. Missing information is left unknown rather than inferred.
| Indicator | Value | Period | Source | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 6,484,437 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| UN Population Division population estimate | 6,637,786 | 2026 | UN Population Division Data Portal | Estimated |
| Wikidata population (fallback) | 6,142,180 | 2023 | Wikidata | Reported |
| International migrant stock (immigrants) | 385,589 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| International migrant stock | 6.1% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| International emigrant stock | 231,080 | 2024 | UN DESA International Migrant Stock 2024 | Estimated |
| Net migration | -2,999 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Refugees from this country | 13,134 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Asylum seekers from this country | 9,431 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Freedom of expression & alternative information index | 0.373 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Government censorship effort — media | -2.127 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Harassment of journalists | -0.582 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Print/broadcast media critical of government | 0.089 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Range of perspectives in major media | 0.824 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Media bias | 0.138 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Media self-censorship | -0.192 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Same-sex sexual activity | Yes Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country); Age of consent discrepancy | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Recognition of same-sex relationships | No | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Same-sex marriage | No | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Same-sex adoption | No | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Sexual-orientation anti-discrimination law | Yes / No Limited protections. | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Gender identity / expression law | No | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| GDP (current US$) | $16,306,633,779 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| GDP per capita (current US$) | $2,515 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| GDP growth | 3.1% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Inflation, consumer prices | 2.4% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Unemployment | 19.9% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Income level | Lower middle income | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Life expectancy at birth | 66.0 years | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Fertility rate | 4.1 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Urban population | 64.1% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Individuals using the Internet | 47.3% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Exports of goods and services | 48.0% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Imports of goods and services | 43.6% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Trade | 91.7% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Adult literacy rate | 76.1% | 2005 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Secondary school enrolment, gross | 50.5% | 2012 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Government education expenditure | 3.3% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Access to electricity | 53.0% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Electric power consumption | 338 kWh/person | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Renewable energy consumption | 71.4% | 2021 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Current health expenditure | 3.3% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Infant mortality rate | 27.0 per 1,000 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Forest area | 64.1% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Mobile cellular subscriptions | 95.5 per 100 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Fixed broadband subscriptions | 1.3 per 100 | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Secure Internet servers | 17 per million | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Latitude | -4.2767° | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Longitude | 15.2662° | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Latitude (Wikidata) | -0.7500° | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Longitude (Wikidata) | 15.3833° | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Form of government | parliamentary republic | current | Wikidata | Reported |
Data attribution
Credits below are generated from sources actually used by this country profile. Source-specific terms take precedence.
- CIA World Factbook, final 2025 country profile (structured via factbook.json). Accessed September 20, 2026. U.S. Government public-domain data; retained as a reference source where a newer approved field is not available. Source · Terms/licence
- United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, International Migrant Stock 2024; data access/processing via Our World in Data. Accessed September 20, 2026. Underlying UN dataset used under CC BY 3.0 IGO. Source · Terms/licence
- United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, World Population Prospects (WPP indicator 49) Accessed September 19, 2026. Used under CC BY 3.0 IGO; current-year WPP population values are presented as estimates/projections where applicable. Source · Terms/licence
- Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem), Country-Year Dataset v16 (variables: v2mebias, v2mecenefm, v2mecrit, v2meharjrn, v2merange, v2meslfcen, v2x_freexp_altinf) Accessed September 20, 2026. Used under CC BY-SA 4.0; V-Dem measures are expert-coded/modelled and no V-Dem endorsement is implied. Source · Terms/licence
- Wikidata structured data (CC0). Accessed September 20, 2026. Attribution is provided by Knelstrom for provenance although CC0 does not require it. Source · Terms/licence
- Wikipedia, “LGBTQ rights by country or territory” (source revision/data fields: Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Gender identity / expression law, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Recognition of same-sex relationships, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex adoption, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex marriage, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex sexual activity, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Sexual-orientation anti-discrimination law) Accessed September 20, 2026. Used under CC BY-SA 4.0. Knelstrom changes formatting and presents the imported material as a community-edited legal-status summary, not legal advice or a Knelstrom rights score. Source · Terms/licence
- World Bank, World Development Indicators (series: AG.LND.FRST.ZS, country_metadata, EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS, EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS, EG.USE.ELEC.KH.PC, FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG, IT.CEL.SETS.P2, IT.NET.BBND.P2, IT.NET.SECR.P6, IT.NET.USER.ZS, NE.EXP.GNFS.ZS, NE.IMP.GNFS.ZS, NE.TRD.GNFS.ZS, NY.GDP.MKTP.CD, NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG, NY.GDP.PCAP.CD, SE.ADT.LITR.ZS, SE.SEC.ENRR, SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS, SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS, SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS, SM.POP.ASYS.EO, SM.POP.NETM, SM.POP.RHCR.EO, SM.POP.TOTL, SM.POP.TOTL.ZS, SP.DYN.IMRT.IN, SP.DYN.LE00.IN, SP.DYN.TFRT.IN, SP.POP.TOTL, SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS) Accessed September 20, 2026. Data used under CC BY 4.0; Knelstrom presentation/formatting may differ from the source. Source · Terms/licence
Knelstrom does not imply endorsement by any listed data provider.
Last automated statistical refresh: 2026-09-20 02:10:30