Knelstrom Intelligence · World Factbook
Gabon
Repubblica Gabonese
CapitalLibreville
Population2,593,130
GDP$21.4bn
Area267,667 km²
RegionSub-Saharan Africa
Data sources current · last checked September 20, 2026 2:10 am
Country facts
Overview
Background
Gabon, a sparsely populated country known for its dense rainforests and vast petroleum reserves, is one of the most prosperous and stable countries in central Africa. Approximately 40 ethnic groups are represented, the largest of which is the Fang, a group that covers the northern third of Gabon and expands north into Equatorial Guinea and Cameroon. From about the early 1300s, various kingdoms emerged in present-day Gabon and the surrounding area, including the Kingdoms of Loango and Orungu. Because most early Bantu languages spoken in these kingdoms did not have a written form, much of Gabon's early history was lost over time. Portuguese traders who arrived in the mid-1400s gave the area its name of Gabon. At that time, indigenous trade networks began to engage with European traders, exchanging goods such as ivory and wood. For a century beginning in the 1760s, trade came to focus mostly on enslaved people. While many groups in Gabon participated in the slave trade, the Fang were a notable exception. As the slave trade declined in the late 1800s, France colonized the country and directed a widespread extraction of Gabonese resources. Anti-colonial rhetoric by Gabon’s educated elites increased significantly in the early 1900s, but no widespread rebellion materialized. French decolonization after World War II led to the country’s independence in 1960.
Within a year of independence, the government changed from a parliamentary to a presidential system, and Leon M’BA won the first presidential election in 1961. El Hadj Omar BONGO Ondimba was M’BA’s vice president and assumed the presidency after M’BA’s death in 1967. BONGO went on to dominate the country's political scene for four decades (1967-2009). In 1968, he declared Gabon a single-party state and created the still-dominant Parti Democratique Gabonais (PDG). In the early 1990s, he reintroduced a multiparty system under a new constitution in response to growing political opposition. He was reelected by wide margins in 1995, 1998, 2002, and 2005 against a divided opposition and amidst allegations of fraud. After BONGO's death in 2009, a new election brought his son, Ali BONGO Ondimba, to power, and he was reelected in 2016. He won a third term in the August 2023 election but was overthrown in a military coup a few days later. Gen. Brice OLIGUI Nguema led a military group called the Committee for the Transition and Restoration of Institutions that arrested BONGO, canceled the election results, and dissolved state institutions. In September 2023, OLIGUI was sworn in as transitional president of Gabon.
Reference: 2023, 2016, 2009, 2005Within a year of independence, the government changed from a parliamentary to a presidential system, and Leon M’BA won the first presidential election in 1961. El Hadj Omar BONGO Ondimba was M’BA’s vice president and assumed the presidency after M’BA’s death in 1967. BONGO went on to dominate the country's political scene for four decades (1967-2009). In 1968, he declared Gabon a single-party state and created the still-dominant Parti Democratique Gabonais (PDG). In the early 1990s, he reintroduced a multiparty system under a new constitution in response to growing political opposition. He was reelected by wide margins in 1995, 1998, 2002, and 2005 against a divided opposition and amidst allegations of fraud. After BONGO's death in 2009, a new election brought his son, Ali BONGO Ondimba, to power, and he was reelected in 2016. He won a third term in the August 2023 election but was overthrown in a military coup a few days later. Gen. Brice OLIGUI Nguema led a military group called the Committee for the Transition and Restoration of Institutions that arrested BONGO, canceled the election results, and dissolved state institutions. In September 2023, OLIGUI was sworn in as transitional president of Gabon.
Geography
Location
Central Africa, bordering the Atlantic Ocean at the Equator, between Republic of the Congo and Equatorial Guinea
Map references
Africa
Area
total: 267,667 sq km
land: 257,667 sq km
water: 10,000 sq km
land: 257,667 sq km
water: 10,000 sq km
Area - comparative
slightly smaller than Colorado
Land boundaries
total: 3,261 km
border countries: Cameroon 349 km; Republic of the Congo 2,567 km; Equatorial Guinea 345 km
border countries: Cameroon 349 km; Republic of the Congo 2,567 km; Equatorial Guinea 345 km
Coastline
885 km
Maritime claims
territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Climate
tropical; always hot, humid
Terrain
narrow coastal plain; hilly interior; savanna in east and south
Elevation
highest point: Mont Bengoue 1,050 m
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
mean elevation: 377 m
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
mean elevation: 377 m
Natural resources
petroleum, natural gas, diamond, niobium, manganese, uranium, gold, timber, iron ore, hydropower
Land use
agricultural land: 8.4% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 1.3% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0.7% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 6.4% (2023 est.)
forest: 91.5% (2023 est.)
other: 0.2% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 1.3% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0.7% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 6.4% (2023 est.)
forest: 91.5% (2023 est.)
other: 0.2% (2023 est.)
Irrigated land
40 sq km (2012)
Reference: 2012Major watersheds (area sq km)
Atlantic Ocean drainage: Congo (3,730,881 sq km)
Major aquifers
Congo Basin
Population distribution
the relatively small population is spread in pockets throughout the country; the largest urban center is the capital of Libreville, located along the Atlantic coast in the northwest, as shown in this population distribution map
Natural hazards
none
Geography - note
the country has maintained its pristine rain forest and rich biodiversity
Population & Society
Nationality
noun: Gabonese (singular and plural)
adjective: Gabonese
adjective: Gabonese
Ethnic groups
Fang 23.5%, Shira-Punu'Vii 20.6%, Nzabi-Duma 11.2%, Mbede-Teke 5.6%, Myene 4.4%, Kota-Kele 4.3%, Okande-Tsogho 1.6%, other 12.6%, foreigner 16.2% (2021 est.)
Reference: 2021Languages
French (official), Fang, Myene, Nzebi, Bapounou/Eschira, Bandjabi
Religions
Protestant 46.4% (Revival Church 37%, other Protestant 9.4%), Roman Catholic 29.8%, other Christian 4%, Muslim 10.8%, traditional/animist 1.1%, other 0.9%, none 7% (2019-21 est.)
Reference: 2019Age structure
0-14 years: 34.6% (male 429,133/female 421,120)
15-64 years: 61.1% (male 787,480/female 711,913)
65 years and over: 4.3% (2024 est.) (male 53,410/female 52,049)
Reference: 202415-64 years: 61.1% (male 787,480/female 711,913)
65 years and over: 4.3% (2024 est.) (male 53,410/female 52,049)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio: 63.7 (2024 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 56.7 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 7 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio: 14.2 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024youth dependency ratio: 56.7 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 7 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio: 14.2 (2024 est.)
Median age
total: 22 years (2024 est.)
male: 22.5 years
female: 21.5 years
Reference: 2024male: 22.5 years
female: 21.5 years
Population growth rate
2.37% (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Birth rate
25.7 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Death rate
5.5 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Population distribution
the relatively small population is spread in pockets throughout the country; the largest urban center is the capital of Libreville, located along the Atlantic coast in the northwest, as shown in this population distribution map
Major urban areas - population
870,000 LIBREVILLE (capital) (2023)
Reference: 2023Sex ratio
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.11 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 1.03 male(s)/female
total population: 1.07 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Reference: 20240-14 years: 1.02 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.11 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 1.03 male(s)/female
total population: 1.07 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth
19.6 years (2012 est.)
note: note: data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49
Reference: 2012note: note: data represents median age at first birth among women 20-49
Maternal mortality ratio
233 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Gross reproduction rate
1.58 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Drinking water source
improved: urban: urban: 90.2% of population (2022 est.)
improved: rural: rural: 54.9% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 86.9% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 9.8% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 45.1% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 13.1% of population (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022improved: rural: rural: 54.9% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 86.9% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 9.8% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 45.1% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 13.1% of population (2022 est.)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 2.7% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 9.6% of national budget (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022, 2021Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 9.6% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
0.52 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
Reference: 2022Sanitation facility access
improved: urban: urban: 81.3% of population (2022 est.)
improved: rural: rural: 55.1% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 78.9% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 18.7% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 44.9% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 21.1% of population (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022improved: rural: rural: 55.1% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 78.9% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 18.7% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 44.9% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 21.1% of population (2022 est.)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
15% (2016)
Reference: 2016Alcohol consumption per capita
total: 6.47 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer: 5.31 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 0.62 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 0.5 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0.04 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Reference: 2019beer: 5.31 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 0.62 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 0.5 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0.04 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight
5.4% (2020 est.)
Reference: 2020Currently married women (ages 15-49)
49.7% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Child marriage
women married by age 15: 2.9% (2021)
women married by age 18: 13.3% (2021)
men married by age 18: 4.8% (2021)
Reference: 2021women married by age 18: 13.3% (2021)
men married by age 18: 4.8% (2021)
Migration & Displacement
Immigrant/emigrant stock measures the number of international migrants resident in, or originating from, the country; it is not the same as annual immigration/emigration flows.
Refugees and internally displaced persons
refugees: 261 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Government & Politics
| Office | Holder | Affiliation | From | Status | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Head of government | Raymond Ndong Sima | — | 2023-09-07 | Current | Reported |
| Head of state | Brice Clotaire Oligui Nguema | — | 2023-08-30 | Current | Reported |
Country name
conventional long form: Gabonese Republic
conventional short form: Gabon
local long form: République Gabonaise
local short form: Gabon
etymology: name originates from the Portuguese word gabão, meaning "cloak," possibly used by early explorers to describe the shape of the Komo River estuary
conventional short form: Gabon
local long form: République Gabonaise
local short form: Gabon
etymology: name originates from the Portuguese word gabão, meaning "cloak," possibly used by early explorers to describe the shape of the Komo River estuary
Capital
name: Libreville
geographic coordinates: 0 23 N, 9 27 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: the city was founded in 1849 by freed slaves, and the name means "free town" in French
geographic coordinates: 0 23 N, 9 27 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: the city was founded in 1849 by freed slaves, and the name means "free town" in French
Administrative divisions
9 provinces; Estuaire, Haut-Ogooue, Moyen-Ogooue, Ngounie, Nyanga, Ogooue-Ivindo, Ogooue-Lolo, Ogooue-Maritime, Woleu-Ntem
Legal system
mixed system of French civil law and customary law
Constitution
history: previous 1961, 1991; latest approved in November 2024 referendum
amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic, by the Council of Ministers, or by one third of either house of Parliament; passage requires Constitutional Court evaluation, at least two-thirds majority vote of two thirds of the Parliament membership convened in joint session, and approval in a referendum; constitutional articles on Gabon’s democratic form of government cannot be amended
Reference: 2024, 1991, 1961amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic, by the Council of Ministers, or by one third of either house of Parliament; passage requires Constitutional Court evaluation, at least two-thirds majority vote of two thirds of the Parliament membership convened in joint session, and approval in a referendum; constitutional articles on Gabon’s democratic form of government cannot be amended
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Citizenship
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Gabon
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Gabon
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch
chief of state: President Brice OLIGUI Nguema (since 3 May 2025)
head of government: President Brice OLIGUI Nguema (since 3 May 2025)
cabinet: cabinet appointed by president
election/appointment process: the president directly elected by plurality vote to a 7-year term (no term limits)
most recent election date: 12 April 2025
election results: 2025: Brice OLIGUI Nguema elected president; percent of vote - Brice OLIGUI Nguema (Ind.) 90.35%, Alain Claude Bilie By Nze (EPG) 3.02%, other 6.63%
2016: Ali BONGO Ondimba reelected president; percent of vote - Ali BONGO Ondimba (PDG) 49.8%, Jean PING (UFC) 48.2%, other 2.0%
Reference: 2025, 2016head of government: President Brice OLIGUI Nguema (since 3 May 2025)
cabinet: cabinet appointed by president
election/appointment process: the president directly elected by plurality vote to a 7-year term (no term limits)
most recent election date: 12 April 2025
election results: 2025: Brice OLIGUI Nguema elected president; percent of vote - Brice OLIGUI Nguema (Ind.) 90.35%, Alain Claude Bilie By Nze (EPG) 3.02%, other 6.63%
2016: Ali BONGO Ondimba reelected president; percent of vote - Ali BONGO Ondimba (PDG) 49.8%, Jean PING (UFC) 48.2%, other 2.0%
Legislative branch
legislature name: Parliament
legislative structure: bicameral
legislative structure: bicameral
Legislative branch - lower chamber
chamber name: National Assembly (Assemblée nationale)
number of seats: 145 (all directly elected)
electoral system: plurality/majority
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 5 years
most recent election date: 10/6/2023
percentage of women in chamber: 21.6%
expected date of next election: November 2030
Reference: 2030, 2023number of seats: 145 (all directly elected)
electoral system: plurality/majority
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 5 years
most recent election date: 10/6/2023
percentage of women in chamber: 21.6%
expected date of next election: November 2030
Legislative branch - upper chamber
chamber name: Senate (Senate)
number of seats: 70 (all indirectly elected)
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 5 years
most recent election date: 9/27/2025 to 10/11/2025
percentage of women in chamber: 20.3%
expected date of next election: November 2025
number of seats: 70 (all indirectly elected)
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 5 years
most recent election date: 9/27/2025 to 10/11/2025
percentage of women in chamber: 20.3%
expected date of next election: November 2025
Judicial branch
highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of 4 permanent specialized supreme courts - Supreme Court or Cour de Cassation, Administrative Supreme Court or Conseil d'Etat, Accounting Supreme Court or Cour des Comptes, Constitutional Court or Cour Constitutionnelle, and the non-permanent Court of State Security, initiated only for cases of high treason by the president and criminal activity by executive branch officials)
judge selection and term of office: appointment and tenure of Supreme, Administrative, Accounting, and State Security courts NA; Constitutional Court judges appointed - 3 by the national president, 3 by the president of the Senate, and 3 by the president of the National Assembly; judges serve single renewable 7-year terms
subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal; county courts; military courts
judge selection and term of office: appointment and tenure of Supreme, Administrative, Accounting, and State Security courts NA; Constitutional Court judges appointed - 3 by the national president, 3 by the president of the Senate, and 3 by the president of the National Assembly; judges serve single renewable 7-year terms
subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal; county courts; military courts
Political parties
Gabonese Democratic Party or PDG
Restoration of Republican Values or RV
The Democrats or LD
note: Paul Mba Abessole
Restoration of Republican Values or RV
The Democrats or LD
note: Paul Mba Abessole
Diplomatic representation in the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Noël Nelson MESSONE (12 December 2022)
chancery: 2034 20th Street NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20009
telephone: [1] (202) 797-1000
FAX: [1] (301) 332-0668
email address and website: info@gaboneembassyusa.org
https://gabonembassyusa.org/en/
consulate(s) general: New York
Reference: 2034, 2022chancery: 2034 20th Street NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20009
telephone: [1] (202) 797-1000
FAX: [1] (301) 332-0668
email address and website: info@gaboneembassyusa.org
https://gabonembassyusa.org/en/
consulate(s) general: New York
Diplomatic representation from the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Vernelle Trim FITZPATRICK (since 26 January 2024); note - also accredited to Sao Tome and Principe
embassy: Sabliere, B.P. 4000, Libreville
mailing address: 2270 Libreville Place, Washington, DC 20521-2270
telephone: [241] 011-45-71-00
FAX: [241] 011-45-71-05
email address and website: ACSLibreville@state.gov
https://ga.usembassy.gov/
Reference: 2024embassy: Sabliere, B.P. 4000, Libreville
mailing address: 2270 Libreville Place, Washington, DC 20521-2270
telephone: [241] 011-45-71-00
FAX: [241] 011-45-71-05
email address and website: ACSLibreville@state.gov
https://ga.usembassy.gov/
International organization participation
ACP, AfDB, AU (suspended), BDEAC, CEMAC, FAO, FZ, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSCA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Independence
17 August 1960 (from France)
Reference: 1960National holiday
Independence Day, 17 August (1960)
Reference: 1960Flag
description: three equal horizontal bands of green (top), yellow, and blue
meaning: green stands for the country's forests and natural resources, gold for the equator and the sun, and blue for the sea
meaning: green stands for the country's forests and natural resources, gold for the equator and the sun, and blue for the sea
National symbol(s)
black panther
National color(s)
green, yellow, blue
National coat of arms
the panthers represent vigilance and courage, and they support a shield with a ship and an okoume tree, which is a symbol of the timber trade; the ribbon below the shield has the national motto in French, Union, Travail, Justice ("Union, Work, Justice"), and the ribbon above the shield has the Latin phrase Uniti Progrediemur ("We shall go forward united")
National anthem(s)
title: "La Concorde" (The Concorde)
lyrics/music: Georges Aleka DAMAS
history: adopted 1960
Reference: 1960lyrics/music: Georges Aleka DAMAS
history: adopted 1960
National heritage
total World Heritage Sites: 2 (1 natural, 1 mixed)
selected World Heritage Site locales: Ecosystem and Relict Cultural Landscape of Lopé-Okanda (m); Ivindo National Park (n)
selected World Heritage Site locales: Ecosystem and Relict Cultural Landscape of Lopé-Okanda (m); Ivindo National Park (n)
Government & Official Links
| Institution | Official website | X / Twitter | Verification |
|---|---|---|---|
| Gabon official website | Official website | — | Reported · source Checked September 20, 2026 |
Institutional accounts only; personal accounts of political office-holders are excluded.
Legislature & Elections
Legislature
| Name | Chamber | Seats | Electoral system |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parliament of Gabon | — | — | — |
Economy
Economic overview
natural-resource-rich, upper-middle-income, Central African economy; significant reliance on oil and mineral exports; highly urbanized population; high levels of poverty and unemployment; uncertainty on institutional and development reform progress following 2023 military coup
Reference: 2023Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024: $48.045 billion (2024 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $46.472 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $45.363 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $46.472 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $45.363 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP per capita
Real GDP per capita 2024: $18,900 (2024 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023: $18,700 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $18,700 (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Real GDP per capita 2023: $18,700 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $18,700 (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
agriculture: 6.2% (2024 est.)
industry: 50.9% (2024 est.)
services: 37.5% (2024 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
Reference: 2024industry: 50.9% (2024 est.)
services: 37.5% (2024 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
GDP - composition, by end use
household consumption: 33.7% (2024 est.)
government consumption: 12.2% (2024 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 18.1% (2024 est.)
investment in inventories: 0% (2024 est.)
exports of goods and services: 65.3% (2024 est.)
imports of goods and services: -29.2% (2024 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Reference: 2024government consumption: 12.2% (2024 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 18.1% (2024 est.)
investment in inventories: 0% (2024 est.)
exports of goods and services: 65.3% (2024 est.)
imports of goods and services: -29.2% (2024 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Agricultural products
oil palm fruit, plantains, cassava, sugarcane, yams, taro, vegetables, maize, groundnuts, game meat (2023)
note: note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Reference: 2023note: note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Industries
petroleum extraction and refining; manganese, gold; chemicals, ship repair, food and beverages, textiles, lumbering and plywood, cement
Industrial production growth rate
2.8% (2024 est.)
note: note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Reference: 2024note: note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Labor force
824,400 (2024 est.)
note: note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Reference: 2024note: note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
total: 36% (2024 est.)
male: 31.1% (2024 est.)
female: 42.3% (2024 est.)
note: note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Reference: 2024male: 31.1% (2024 est.)
female: 42.3% (2024 est.)
note: note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Population below poverty line
33.4% (2017 est.)
note: note: % of population with income below national poverty line
Reference: 2017note: note: % of population with income below national poverty line
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017: 38 (2017 est.)
note: note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
Reference: 2017note: note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
Household income or consumption by percentage share
lowest 10%: 2.2% (2017 est.)
highest 10%: 27.7% (2017 est.)
note: note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
Reference: 2017highest 10%: 27.7% (2017 est.)
note: note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
Remittances
Remittances 2023: 0.1% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2022: 0.1% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2021: 0.1% of GDP (2021 est.)
note: note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Reference: 2023, 2022, 2021Remittances 2022: 0.1% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2021: 0.1% of GDP (2021 est.)
note: note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Budget
revenues: $2.939 billion (2021 est.)
expenditures: $3.226 billion (2021 est.)
note: note: central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Reference: 2021expenditures: $3.226 billion (2021 est.)
note: note: central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Public debt
Public debt 2016: 64.2% of GDP (2016 est.)
Reference: 2016Taxes and other revenues
9.5% (of GDP) (2021 est.)
note: note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
Reference: 2021note: note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
Current account balance
Current account balance 2015: $140.996 million (2015 est.)
Current account balance 2014: $1.112 billion (2014 est.)
Current account balance 2013: $1.463 billion (2013 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Reference: 2015, 2014, 2013Current account balance 2014: $1.112 billion (2014 est.)
Current account balance 2013: $1.463 billion (2013 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
Exports 2024: $13.622 billion (2024 est.)
Exports 2023: $12.869 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $13.814 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: GDP expenditure basis - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Exports 2023: $12.869 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $13.814 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: GDP expenditure basis - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - partners
China 26%, Indonesia 8%, Spain 7%, Israel 6%, Congo, Republic of the 5% (2023)
note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Exports - commodities
crude petroleum, ships, manganese ore, refined petroleum, wood (2023)
note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports
Imports 2024: $6.094 billion (2024 est.)
Imports 2023: $5.38 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $5.005 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: GDP expenditure basis - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Imports 2023: $5.38 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $5.005 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: GDP expenditure basis - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - partners
France 14%, China 13%, S. Korea 13%, USA 7%, India 4% (2023)
note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Imports - commodities
ships, refined petroleum, iron pipes, cars, packaged medicine (2023)
note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $1.447 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $1.415 billion (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021: $1.304 billion (2021 est.)
note: note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Reference: 2023, 2022, 2021Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $1.415 billion (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021: $1.304 billion (2021 est.)
note: note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Debt - external
Debt - external 2023: $6.442 billion (2023 est.)
note: note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
Exchange rates
Currency: Coopération Financière en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2024: 606.345 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 606.57 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 623.76 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 554.531 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020: 575.586 (2020 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Exchange rates 2024: 606.345 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 606.57 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 623.76 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 554.531 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020: 575.586 (2020 est.)
Trade
Current account balance
Current account balance 2015: $140.996 million (2015 est.)
Current account balance 2014: $1.112 billion (2014 est.)
Current account balance 2013: $1.463 billion (2013 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Reference: 2015, 2014, 2013Current account balance 2014: $1.112 billion (2014 est.)
Current account balance 2013: $1.463 billion (2013 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
Exports 2024: $13.622 billion (2024 est.)
Exports 2023: $12.869 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $13.814 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: GDP expenditure basis - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Exports 2023: $12.869 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $13.814 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: GDP expenditure basis - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - partners
China 26%, Indonesia 8%, Spain 7%, Israel 6%, Congo, Republic of the 5% (2023)
note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Exports - commodities
crude petroleum, ships, manganese ore, refined petroleum, wood (2023)
note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports
Imports 2024: $6.094 billion (2024 est.)
Imports 2023: $5.38 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $5.005 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: GDP expenditure basis - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Imports 2023: $5.38 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $5.005 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: GDP expenditure basis - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - partners
France 14%, China 13%, S. Korea 13%, USA 7%, India 4% (2023)
note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Imports - commodities
ships, refined petroleum, iron pipes, cars, packaged medicine (2023)
note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Energy & Resources
Electricity
installed generating capacity: 785,000 kW (2023 est.)
consumption: 3.173 billion kWh (2023 est.)
imports: 584.039 million kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 604 million kWh (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023consumption: 3.173 billion kWh (2023 est.)
imports: 584.039 million kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 604 million kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources
fossil fuels: 51.9% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
hydroelectricity: 47.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
biomass and waste: 0.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023hydroelectricity: 47.7% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
biomass and waste: 0.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Coal
imports: 75,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Petroleum
total petroleum production: 204,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
refined petroleum consumption: 14,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
crude oil estimated reserves: 2 billion barrels (2021 est.)
Reference: 2023, 2021refined petroleum consumption: 14,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
crude oil estimated reserves: 2 billion barrels (2021 est.)
Natural gas
production: 463 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
consumption: 463 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
proven reserves: 25.995 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
Reference: 2023, 2021consumption: 463 million cubic meters (2023 est.)
proven reserves: 25.995 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
Energy consumption per capita
Total energy consumption per capita 2023: 22.101 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Infrastructure
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 43,000 (2022 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 2 (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 2 (2022 est.)
Health
Maternal mortality ratio
233 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 2.7% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 9.6% of national budget (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022, 2021Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 9.6% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
0.52 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
Reference: 2022Obesity - adult prevalence rate
15% (2016)
Reference: 2016Education
Rights, Freedoms & Society
Press & Media Freedom
V-Dem expert-coded/modelled source measures. Knelstrom does not create a press-freedom ranking or composite score.
LGBTQ+ Rights & Law
Concrete legal-status fields only; Knelstrom does not generate an LGBTQ rights score or country ranking.
Source: Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory (CC BY-SA 4.0). Community-edited legal-status summary; retrieved by Knelstrom and not legal advice.
Crime & Justice
Legal system
mixed system of French civil law and customary law
Judicial branch
highest court(s): Supreme Court (consists of 4 permanent specialized supreme courts - Supreme Court or Cour de Cassation, Administrative Supreme Court or Conseil d'Etat, Accounting Supreme Court or Cour des Comptes, Constitutional Court or Cour Constitutionnelle, and the non-permanent Court of State Security, initiated only for cases of high treason by the president and criminal activity by executive branch officials)
judge selection and term of office: appointment and tenure of Supreme, Administrative, Accounting, and State Security courts NA; Constitutional Court judges appointed - 3 by the national president, 3 by the president of the Senate, and 3 by the president of the National Assembly; judges serve single renewable 7-year terms
subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal; county courts; military courts
judge selection and term of office: appointment and tenure of Supreme, Administrative, Accounting, and State Security courts NA; Constitutional Court judges appointed - 3 by the national president, 3 by the president of the Senate, and 3 by the president of the National Assembly; judges serve single renewable 7-year terms
subordinate courts: Courts of Appeal; county courts; military courts
Military & Security
Military and security forces
Gabonese Armed Forces (Force Armées Gabonaise or FAG; aka National Defense and Security Forces of Gabon or des Forces Nationales de Défense et de Sécurité (FNDS) du Gabon): Army (Armée de Terre, AT), Navy (Marine Nationale, MN), Air Force (l'Armée de l'Air, AA), Light Aviation (L’Aviation Légère des Armées, ALA), Fire Brigade (du Corps des Sapeurs-Pompiers); National Gendarmerie (Gendarmerie Gabonaise, GENA); Republican Guard (Garde Républicaine, GR); Military Health Service (Service de Santé Militaire, SSM); Military Engineering (Génie Militaire) (2025)
note: note 1: the National Police Forces, under the Ministry of Interior, and the National Gendarmerie (GENA), under the Ministry of Defense, are responsible for law enforcement and public security; elements of the armed forces and the Republican Guard, an elite unit that protects the president under his direct authority, sometimes perform internal security functions
note 2: the GENA is organized into regionally-based “legions,” mobile forces, a national parks security unit, and a special intervention group
note: note 1: the National Police Forces, under the Ministry of Interior, and the National Gendarmerie (GENA), under the Ministry of Defense, are responsible for law enforcement and public security; elements of the armed forces and the Republican Guard, an elite unit that protects the president under his direct authority, sometimes perform internal security functions
note 2: the GENA is organized into regionally-based “legions,” mobile forces, a national parks security unit, and a special intervention group
Military expenditures
Military Expenditures 2024: 1.5% of GDP (2024 est.)
Military Expenditures 2023: 1.3% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military Expenditures 2022: 1.3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military Expenditures 2021: 1.7% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military Expenditures 2020: 1.8% of GDP (2020 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Military Expenditures 2023: 1.3% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military Expenditures 2022: 1.3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military Expenditures 2021: 1.7% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military Expenditures 2020: 1.8% of GDP (2020 est.)
Military and security service personnel strengths
approximately 7,000 active-duty Armed Forces including the Republican Guard and Gendarmerie (2025)
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
the Gabonese military has a mix of older and more modern weapons and equipment from a variety of suppliers including Brazil, China, France, Germany, Russia/former Soviet Union, and South Africa (2024)
Reference: 2024Military service age and obligation
18-24 years of age for voluntary military service; no conscription (2024)
Reference: 2024Military - note
the Gabonese military is a small and lightly armed force that is responsible for both external and internal security; the military may also participate in the economic and social development work of the nation; key defense priorities include securing the country's borders and maritime domain; it has contributed to regional peacekeeping and joint security operations; in August 2023, officers from the Republican Guard seized control of the government and placed the president under arrest (2025)
Reference: 2025, 2023International Relations
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Diplomatic representation in the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Noël Nelson MESSONE (12 December 2022)
chancery: 2034 20th Street NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20009
telephone: [1] (202) 797-1000
FAX: [1] (301) 332-0668
email address and website: info@gaboneembassyusa.org
https://gabonembassyusa.org/en/
consulate(s) general: New York
Reference: 2034, 2022chancery: 2034 20th Street NW, Suite 200, Washington, DC 20009
telephone: [1] (202) 797-1000
FAX: [1] (301) 332-0668
email address and website: info@gaboneembassyusa.org
https://gabonembassyusa.org/en/
consulate(s) general: New York
Diplomatic representation from the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Vernelle Trim FITZPATRICK (since 26 January 2024); note - also accredited to Sao Tome and Principe
embassy: Sabliere, B.P. 4000, Libreville
mailing address: 2270 Libreville Place, Washington, DC 20521-2270
telephone: [241] 011-45-71-00
FAX: [241] 011-45-71-05
email address and website: ACSLibreville@state.gov
https://ga.usembassy.gov/
Reference: 2024embassy: Sabliere, B.P. 4000, Libreville
mailing address: 2270 Libreville Place, Washington, DC 20521-2270
telephone: [241] 011-45-71-00
FAX: [241] 011-45-71-05
email address and website: ACSLibreville@state.gov
https://ga.usembassy.gov/
International organization participation
ACP, AfDB, AU (suspended), BDEAC, CEMAC, FAO, FZ, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSCA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Treaties & Organisations
| Organisation | Status | Joined |
|---|---|---|
| African Union (AU) | member | — |
| Commonwealth of Nations (Commonwealth) | member | 2022-06-25 |
| OPEC (OPEC) | member | 2016-07-00 |
| United Nations (UN) | member | 1960-09-20 |
| World Trade Organization (WTO) | member | 1995-01-01 |
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
International organization participation
ACP, AfDB, AU (suspended), BDEAC, CEMAC, FAO, FZ, G-24, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ISO, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, MINUSCA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Conflict & Security
Refugees and internally displaced persons
refugees: 261 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Transportation & Logistics
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
TR
Airports
42 (2025)
Railways
total: 649 km (2014)
standard gauge: 649 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge
Reference: 2014standard gauge: 649 km (2014) 1.435-m gauge
Merchant marine
total: 87 (2023)
by type: bulk carrier 1, general cargo 19, oil tanker 30, other 37
Reference: 2023by type: bulk carrier 1, general cargo 19, oil tanker 30, other 37
Ports
total ports: 9 (2024)
large: 0
medium: 2
small: 2
very small: 5
ports with oil terminals: 7
key ports: Libreville, Oguendjo Terminal, Port Gentil, Port Owendo
Reference: 2024large: 0
medium: 2
small: 2
very small: 5
ports with oil terminals: 7
key ports: Libreville, Oguendjo Terminal, Port Gentil, Port Owendo
Environment
Environmental issues
deforestation from logging; solid-waste disposal; water pollution from oil industry; wildlife poaching
International environmental agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Tropical Timber 2006, Wetlands, Whaling
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Reference: 2006signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Climate
tropical; always hot, humid
Land use
agricultural land: 8.4% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 1.3% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0.7% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 6.4% (2023 est.)
forest: 91.5% (2023 est.)
other: 0.2% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 1.3% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0.7% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 6.4% (2023 est.)
forest: 91.5% (2023 est.)
other: 0.2% (2023 est.)
Urbanization
urban population: 91% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 2.27% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Reference: 2023, 2020rate of urbanization: 2.27% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions
total emissions: 3.144 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke: 230,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids: 2.005 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from consumed natural gas: 908,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023from coal and metallurgical coke: 230,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids: 2.005 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from consumed natural gas: 908,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Particulate matter emissions
29.6 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Reference: 2019Methane emissions
energy: 272.4 kt (2022-2024 est.)
agriculture: 4.9 kt (2019-2021 est.)
waste: 18.6 kt (2019-2021 est.)
other: 5.4 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2022, 2021, 2019agriculture: 4.9 kt (2019-2021 est.)
waste: 18.6 kt (2019-2021 est.)
other: 5.4 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Waste and recycling
municipal solid waste generated annually: 238,100 tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 22.4% (2022 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2022percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 22.4% (2022 est.)
Total water withdrawal
municipal: 84.7 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
industrial: 14.1 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
agricultural: 40.3 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022industrial: 14.1 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
agricultural: 40.3 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Total renewable water resources
166 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022Communications & Media
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 43,000 (2022 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 2 (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 2 (2022 est.)
Broadcast media
2 state-run TV stations and 2 state-run radio stations; a few private radio and TV stations; transmissions of at least 2 international broadcasters are accessible; satellite service subscriptions are available
Internet country code
.ga
Historical Trends
Population
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View Population data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 2,100,306 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | 2,156,900 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | 2,212,318 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | 2,267,706 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | 2,322,539 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | 2,376,722 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | 2,430,747 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | 2,484,789 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 2,538,952 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | 2,593,130 | world_bank_wdi |
GDP (current US$)
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View GDP (current US$) data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | $14,023,890,265 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | $14,929,487,485 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | $16,867,326,402 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | $16,874,405,465 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | $15,342,236,164 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | $19,444,935,097 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | $20,440,655,695 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | $19,388,372,071 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | $20,895,684,426 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | $21,427,119,323 | world_bank_wdi |
International migrant stock (immigrants)
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View International migrant stock (immigrants) data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 416,651 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 449,746 | world_bank_wdi |
International emigrant stock
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View International emigrant stock data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 14,265 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 1995 | 16,602 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2000 | 19,695 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2005 | 39,376 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2010 | 36,042 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2015 | 43,401 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2020 | 54,053 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2024 | 61,160 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
Net migration
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View Net migration data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 7,398 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | 4,013 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | 2,886 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | 2,233 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | 1,506 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | 1,503 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | 987 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | 987 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 1,105 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | 1,116 | world_bank_wdi |
Sources & Methodology
Current statistical observations include their reference period and provenance. Reference fields from approved source datasets are attributed below. Missing information is left unknown rather than inferred.
| Indicator | Value | Period | Source | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 2,593,130 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| UN Population Division population estimate | 2,647,400 | 2026 | UN Population Division Data Portal | Estimated |
| Wikidata population (fallback) | 2,025,137 | 2017 | Wikidata | Reported |
| International migrant stock (immigrants) | 449,746 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| International migrant stock | 17.7% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| International emigrant stock | 61,160 | 2024 | UN DESA International Migrant Stock 2024 | Estimated |
| Net migration | 1,116 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Refugees hosted | 166 | 2025 | UNHCR Refugee Population Statistics | Verified |
| Asylum seekers hosted | 86 | 2025 | UNHCR Refugee Population Statistics | Verified |
| Refugees from this country | 984 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Asylum seekers from this country | 401 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Freedom of expression & alternative information index | 0.748 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Government censorship effort — media | 0.070 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Harassment of journalists | 1.025 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Print/broadcast media critical of government | 0.232 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Range of perspectives in major media | 1.091 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Media bias | 1.628 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Media self-censorship | -0.001 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Same-sex sexual activity | Yes Legal since 17 August 1960-4 July 2019, again since 29 June 2020; Age of consent discrepancy,; + UN decl. sign. | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Recognition of same-sex relationships | No | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Same-sex marriage | No Constitutional ban since 2024 | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Same-sex adoption | No | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Sexual-orientation anti-discrimination law | Yes / No Limited protections. | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| GDP (current US$) | $21,427,119,323 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| GDP per capita (current US$) | $8,263 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| GDP growth | 2.5% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Inflation, consumer prices | 1.8% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Unemployment | 20.2% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Income level | Upper middle income | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Life expectancy at birth | 68.5 years | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Fertility rate | 3.6 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Urban population | 92.1% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Individuals using the Internet | 68.7% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Exports of goods and services | 55.5% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Imports of goods and services | 29.4% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Trade | 84.9% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Adult literacy rate | 88.9% | 2021 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Secondary school enrolment, gross | 70.3% | 2019 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Government education expenditure | 2.3% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Access to electricity | 95.1% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Electric power consumption | 1,023 kWh/person | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Renewable energy consumption | 91.3% | 2021 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Current health expenditure | 3.1% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Infant mortality rate | 25.9 per 1,000 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Forest area | 91.2% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Mobile cellular subscriptions | 125.3 per 100 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Fixed broadband subscriptions | 4.7 per 100 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Secure Internet servers | 87 per million | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Latitude | 0.3883° | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Longitude | 9.4516° | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Latitude (Wikidata) | -0.6833° | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Longitude (Wikidata) | 11.5000° | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00, West Africa Time, Africa/Libreville | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Form of government | republic | current | Wikidata | Reported |
Data attribution
Credits below are generated from sources actually used by this country profile. Source-specific terms take precedence.
- CIA World Factbook, final 2025 country profile (structured via factbook.json). Accessed September 20, 2026. U.S. Government public-domain data; retained as a reference source where a newer approved field is not available. Source · Terms/licence
- United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, International Migrant Stock 2024; data access/processing via Our World in Data. Accessed September 20, 2026. Underlying UN dataset used under CC BY 3.0 IGO. Source · Terms/licence
- United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, World Population Prospects (WPP indicator 49) Accessed September 19, 2026. Used under CC BY 3.0 IGO; current-year WPP population values are presented as estimates/projections where applicable. Source · Terms/licence
- UNHCR Refugee Population Statistics Database. Accessed September 19, 2026. Used under CC BY 4.0 except where a dataset identifies a different source or licence. Source · Terms/licence
- Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem), Country-Year Dataset v16 (variables: v2mebias, v2mecenefm, v2mecrit, v2meharjrn, v2merange, v2meslfcen, v2x_freexp_altinf) Accessed September 20, 2026. Used under CC BY-SA 4.0; V-Dem measures are expert-coded/modelled and no V-Dem endorsement is implied. Source · Terms/licence
- Wikidata structured data (CC0). Accessed September 20, 2026. Attribution is provided by Knelstrom for provenance although CC0 does not require it. Source · Terms/licence
- Wikipedia, “LGBTQ rights by country or territory” (source revision/data fields: Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Recognition of same-sex relationships, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex adoption, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex marriage, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex sexual activity, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Sexual-orientation anti-discrimination law) Accessed September 20, 2026. Used under CC BY-SA 4.0. Knelstrom changes formatting and presents the imported material as a community-edited legal-status summary, not legal advice or a Knelstrom rights score. Source · Terms/licence
- World Bank, World Development Indicators (series: AG.LND.FRST.ZS, country_metadata, EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS, EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS, EG.USE.ELEC.KH.PC, FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG, IT.CEL.SETS.P2, IT.NET.BBND.P2, IT.NET.SECR.P6, IT.NET.USER.ZS, NE.EXP.GNFS.ZS, NE.IMP.GNFS.ZS, NE.TRD.GNFS.ZS, NY.GDP.MKTP.CD, NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG, NY.GDP.PCAP.CD, SE.ADT.LITR.ZS, SE.SEC.ENRR, SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS, SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS, SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS, SM.POP.ASYS.EO, SM.POP.NETM, SM.POP.RHCR.EO, SM.POP.TOTL, SM.POP.TOTL.ZS, SP.DYN.IMRT.IN, SP.DYN.LE00.IN, SP.DYN.TFRT.IN, SP.POP.TOTL, SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS) Accessed September 20, 2026. Data used under CC BY 4.0; Knelstrom presentation/formatting may differ from the source. Source · Terms/licence
Knelstrom does not imply endorsement by any listed data provider.
Last automated statistical refresh: 2026-09-20 02:05:15