Knelstrom Intelligence · World Factbook
Equatorial Guinea
Guinée équatoriale
CapitalCiudad de la Paz
Population1,938,431
GDP$12.8bn
Area28,051 km²
RegionSub-Saharan Africa
Data sources current · last checked September 20, 2026 2:10 am
Country facts
Overview
Background
Equatorial Guinea consists of a continental territory and five inhabited islands; it is one of the smallest countries by area and population in Africa. The mainland region was most likely predominantly inhabited by Pygmy ethnic groups prior to the migration of various Bantu-speaking ethnic groups around the second millennium BC. The island of Bioko, the largest of Equatorial Guinea’s five inhabited islands and the location of the country’s capital of Malabo, has been occupied since at least 1000 B.C. In the early 1470s, Portuguese explorers landed on Bioko Island, and Portugal soon after established control of the island and other areas of modern Equatorial Guinea. In 1778, Portugal ceded its colonial hold over present-day Equatorial Guinea to Spain in the Treaty of El Pardo. The borders of modern-day Equatorial Guinea would evolve between 1778 and 1968 as the area remained under European colonial rule.
In 1968, Equatorial Guinea was granted independence from Spain and elected Francisco MACIAS NGUEMA as its first president. MACIAS consolidated power soon after his election and ruled brutally for over a decade. Under his regime, Equatorial Guinea experienced mass suppression, purges, and killings. Some estimates indicate that a third of the population either went into exile or was killed under MACIAS’ rule. In 1979, present-day President OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo, then a senior military officer, deposed MACIAS in a violent coup. OBIANG has ruled since and has been elected in non-competitive contests several times, most recently in 2022. The president exerts near-total control over the political system.
Equatorial Guinea experienced rapid economic growth in the early years of the 21st century due to the discovery of large offshore oil reserves in 1996. Production peaked in 2004 and has declined since. The country's economic windfall from oil production resulted in massive increases in government revenue, a significant portion of which was earmarked for infrastructure development. Systemic corruption, however, has hindered socio-economic development, and the population has seen only limited improvements to living standards. Equatorial Guinea continues to seek to diversify its economy, increase foreign investment, and assume a greater role in regional and international affairs. 
Reference: 2022, 2004, 1996, 1979In 1968, Equatorial Guinea was granted independence from Spain and elected Francisco MACIAS NGUEMA as its first president. MACIAS consolidated power soon after his election and ruled brutally for over a decade. Under his regime, Equatorial Guinea experienced mass suppression, purges, and killings. Some estimates indicate that a third of the population either went into exile or was killed under MACIAS’ rule. In 1979, present-day President OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo, then a senior military officer, deposed MACIAS in a violent coup. OBIANG has ruled since and has been elected in non-competitive contests several times, most recently in 2022. The president exerts near-total control over the political system.
Equatorial Guinea experienced rapid economic growth in the early years of the 21st century due to the discovery of large offshore oil reserves in 1996. Production peaked in 2004 and has declined since. The country's economic windfall from oil production resulted in massive increases in government revenue, a significant portion of which was earmarked for infrastructure development. Systemic corruption, however, has hindered socio-economic development, and the population has seen only limited improvements to living standards. Equatorial Guinea continues to seek to diversify its economy, increase foreign investment, and assume a greater role in regional and international affairs. 
Geography
Location
Central Africa, bordering the Bight of Biafra, between Cameroon and Gabon
Map references
Africa
Area
total: 28,051 sq km
land: 28,051 sq km
water: 0 sq km
land: 28,051 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative
slightly smaller than Maryland
Land boundaries
total: 528 km
border countries: Cameroon 183 km; Gabon 345 km
border countries: Cameroon 183 km; Gabon 345 km
Coastline
296 km
Maritime claims
territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Climate
tropical; always hot, humid
Terrain
coastal plains rise to interior hills; islands are volcanic
Elevation
highest point: Pico Basile 3,008 m
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
mean elevation: 577 m
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
mean elevation: 577 m
Natural resources
petroleum, natural gas, timber, gold, bauxite, diamonds, tantalum, sand and gravel, clay
Land use
agricultural land: 3.7% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 1.9% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 1.7% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 0.2% (2022 est.)
forest: 86.7% (2022 est.)
other: 9.6% (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 1.9% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 1.7% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 0.2% (2022 est.)
forest: 86.7% (2022 est.)
other: 9.6% (2022 est.)
Irrigated land
NA
Population distribution
the two large cities are Bata on the mainland and the capital Malabo on the island of Bioko; small communities are scattered throughout the mainland and the five inhabited islands, as shown in this population distribution map
Natural hazards
violent windstorms; flash floods
volcanism: Santa Isabel (3,007 m), which last erupted in 1923, is the country's only historically active volcano; Santa Isabel and two dormant volcanoes form Bioko Island in the Gulf of Guinea
Reference: 1923volcanism: Santa Isabel (3,007 m), which last erupted in 1923, is the country's only historically active volcano; Santa Isabel and two dormant volcanoes form Bioko Island in the Gulf of Guinea
Geography - note
insular and continental regions widely separated; despite its name, no part of the equator passes through Equatorial Guinea -- the mainland part of the country is located just north of the equator
Population & Society
Nationality
noun: Equatorial Guinean(s) or Equatoguinean(s)
adjective: Equatorial Guinean or Equatoguinean
adjective: Equatorial Guinean or Equatoguinean
Ethnic groups
Fang 78.1%, Bubi 9.4%, Ndowe 2.8%, Nanguedambo 2.7%, Bisio 0.9%, foreigner 5.3%, other 0.7%, unspecified 0.2% (2011 est.)
Reference: 2011Languages
Languages: Spanish (official) 67.6%, other (includes Fang, Bubi, Portuguese (official), French (official), Fa d'Ambo spoken in Annobon) 32.4% (1994 est.)
major-language sample(s): La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Reference: 1994major-language sample(s): La Libreta Informativa del Mundo, la fuente indispensable de información básica. (Spanish)
The World Factbook, the indispensable source for basic information.
Religions
Roman Catholic 88%, Protestant 5%, Muslim 2%, other 5% (animist, Baha'i, Jewish) (2015 est.)
Reference: 2015Age structure
0-14 years: 35.6% (male 330,636/female 309,528)
15-64 years: 59.4% (male 585,139/female 481,121)
65 years and over: 5% (2024 est.) (male 46,610/female 42,800)
Reference: 202415-64 years: 59.4% (male 585,139/female 481,121)
65 years and over: 5% (2024 est.) (male 46,610/female 42,800)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio: 68.4 (2024 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 60 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 8.4 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio: 11.9 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024youth dependency ratio: 60 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 8.4 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio: 11.9 (2024 est.)
Median age
total: 22.1 years (2024 est.)
male: 22.7 years
female: 21.5 years
Reference: 2024male: 22.7 years
female: 21.5 years
Population growth rate
3.23% (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Birth rate
29 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Death rate
8.9 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Population distribution
the two large cities are Bata on the mainland and the capital Malabo on the island of Bioko; small communities are scattered throughout the mainland and the five inhabited islands, as shown in this population distribution map
Major urban areas - population
297,000 MALABO (capital) (2018)
Reference: 2018Sex ratio
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.07 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.22 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 1.09 male(s)/female
total population: 1.16 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Reference: 20240-14 years: 1.07 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 1.22 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 1.09 male(s)/female
total population: 1.16 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio
174 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Gross reproduction rate
2.03 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 3.4% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 4.4% of national budget (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022, 2021Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 4.4% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
0.15 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
Reference: 2022Obesity - adult prevalence rate
8% (2016)
Reference: 2016Alcohol consumption per capita
total: 6.11 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer: 3.83 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 1.24 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 0.99 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0.05 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Reference: 2019beer: 3.83 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 1.24 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 0.99 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0.05 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Currently married women (ages 15-49)
60.2% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Migration & Displacement
Immigrant/emigrant stock measures the number of international migrants resident in, or originating from, the country; it is not the same as annual immigration/emigration flows.
Refugees and internally displaced persons
refugees: 5 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Government & Politics
| Office | Holder | Affiliation | From | Status | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Head of government | Manuel Osa Nsue Nsua | — | 2024-08-17 | Current | Reported |
| Head of state | Teodoro Obiang | — | 1979-08-03 | Current | Reported |
Country name
conventional long form: Republic of Equatorial Guinea
conventional short form: Equatorial Guinea
local long form: Republica de Guinea Ecuatorial (Spanish)/ République de Guinée équatoriale (French)
local short form: Guinea Ecuatorial (Spanish)/Guinée équatoriale (French)
former: Spanish Guinea
etymology: the country is named for the Guinea region of West Africa that lies along the Gulf of Guinea and stretches north to the Sahel; the "equatorial" refers to the fact that the country lies just north of the Equator
conventional short form: Equatorial Guinea
local long form: Republica de Guinea Ecuatorial (Spanish)/ République de Guinée équatoriale (French)
local short form: Guinea Ecuatorial (Spanish)/Guinée équatoriale (French)
former: Spanish Guinea
etymology: the country is named for the Guinea region of West Africa that lies along the Gulf of Guinea and stretches north to the Sahel; the "equatorial" refers to the fact that the country lies just north of the Equator
Government type
presidential republic
Capital
name: Malabo; note - Malabo is on the island of Bioko; some months of the year, the government operates out of Bata on the mainland region.
geographic coordinates: 3 45 N, 8 47 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: English settlers who founded the city in 1827 named it Port Clarence after the Duke of CLARENCE; the Spanish renamed it Santa Isabel in 1843, for Queen ISABELLA II of Spain; it was renamed again in 1973 after King MALABO (1837–1937), the last king of the Bubi (local ethnic group)
Reference: 1973, 1937geographic coordinates: 3 45 N, 8 47 E
time difference: UTC+1 (6 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: English settlers who founded the city in 1827 named it Port Clarence after the Duke of CLARENCE; the Spanish renamed it Santa Isabel in 1843, for Queen ISABELLA II of Spain; it was renamed again in 1973 after King MALABO (1837–1937), the last king of the Bubi (local ethnic group)
Administrative divisions
8 provinces (provincias, singular - provincia); Annobon, Bioko Norte, Bioko Sur, Centro Sur, Djibloho, Kie-Ntem, Litoral, Wele-Nzas
Legal system
mixed system of civil and customary law
Constitution
history: previous 1968, 1973, 1982; approved by referendum 17 November 1991
amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic or supported by three fourths of the membership in either house of the National Assembly; passage requires three-fourths majority vote by both houses of the Assembly and approval in a referendum if requested by the president
Reference: 1991, 1982, 1973, 1968amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic or supported by three fourths of the membership in either house of the National Assembly; passage requires three-fourths majority vote by both houses of the Assembly and approval in a referendum if requested by the president
International law organization participation
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Citizenship
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Equatorial Guinea
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Equatorial Guinea
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch
chief of state: President OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo (since 3 August 1979)
head of government: Prime Minister Manuel Osa Nsue Nsua (since 17 August 2024)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president and overseen by the prime minister
election/appointment process: president directly elected by simple-majority popular vote for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president
most recent election date: 20 November 2022
election results: 2022: OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo reelected president; percent of vote - OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo (PDGE) 95%, other 6.1%
2016: OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo reelected president; percent of vote - OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo (PDGE) 93.5%, other 6.5%
expected date of next election: 2029
Reference: 2029, 2024, 2022, 2016head of government: Prime Minister Manuel Osa Nsue Nsua (since 17 August 2024)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president and overseen by the prime minister
election/appointment process: president directly elected by simple-majority popular vote for a 7-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister and deputy prime ministers appointed by the president
most recent election date: 20 November 2022
election results: 2022: OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo reelected president; percent of vote - OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo (PDGE) 95%, other 6.1%
2016: OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo reelected president; percent of vote - OBIANG Nguema Mbasogo (PDGE) 93.5%, other 6.5%
expected date of next election: 2029
Legislative branch
legislature name: Parliament (Parlamento)
legislative structure: bicameral
legislative structure: bicameral
Legislative branch - lower chamber
chamber name: Chamber of Deputies (Cámara de los Diputados)
number of seats: 100 (all directly elected)
electoral system: proportional representation
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 5 years
most recent election date: 11/20/2022
parties elected and seats per party: Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea (PDGE) and its allies (100)
percentage of women in chamber: 31%
expected date of next election: November 2027
Reference: 2027, 2022number of seats: 100 (all directly elected)
electoral system: proportional representation
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 5 years
most recent election date: 11/20/2022
parties elected and seats per party: Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea (PDGE) and its allies (100)
percentage of women in chamber: 31%
expected date of next election: November 2027
Legislative branch - upper chamber
chamber name: Senate (Senado)
number of seats: 70 (55 directly elected; 15 appointed)
electoral system: proportional representation
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 5 years
most recent election date: 11/20/2022
parties elected and seats per party: Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea (PDGE) and its allies (55)
percentage of women in chamber: 25%
expected date of next election: November 2027
Reference: 2027, 2022number of seats: 70 (55 directly elected; 15 appointed)
electoral system: proportional representation
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 5 years
most recent election date: 11/20/2022
parties elected and seats per party: Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea (PDGE) and its allies (55)
percentage of women in chamber: 25%
expected date of next election: November 2027
Judicial branch
highest court(s): Supreme Court of Justice (consists of the President of the Supreme Court and nine judges organized into civil, criminal, commercial, labor, administrative, and customary sections); Constitutional Court (consists of the court president and 4 members)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges appointed by the president for five-year terms; Constitutional Court members appointed by the president, 2 of whom are nominated by the Chamber of Deputies
subordinate courts: Court of Guarantees; military courts; Courts of Appeal; first instance tribunals; district and county tribunals
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges appointed by the president for five-year terms; Constitutional Court members appointed by the president, 2 of whom are nominated by the Chamber of Deputies
subordinate courts: Court of Guarantees; military courts; Courts of Appeal; first instance tribunals; district and county tribunals
Political parties
Center Right Union or UCD
Convergence Party for Social Democracy or CPDS
Democratic Party for Equatorial Guinea or PDGE
Liberal Democratic Convention or CLD
Liberal Party or PL
National Congress of Equatorial Guinea (CNGE)
National Democratic Party (PNDGE)
National Democratic Union or UDENA
National Union for Democracy PUNDGE
Popular Action of Equatorial Guinea or APGE
Popular Union or UP
Progressive Democratic Alliance or ADP
Social and Popular Convergence Party or CSDP
Social Democratic Coalition Party (PCSD)
Social Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea or PSDGE
Social Democratic Union or UDS
Socialist Party of Equatorial Guinea
Convergence Party for Social Democracy or CPDS
Democratic Party for Equatorial Guinea or PDGE
Liberal Democratic Convention or CLD
Liberal Party or PL
National Congress of Equatorial Guinea (CNGE)
National Democratic Party (PNDGE)
National Democratic Union or UDENA
National Union for Democracy PUNDGE
Popular Action of Equatorial Guinea or APGE
Popular Union or UP
Progressive Democratic Alliance or ADP
Social and Popular Convergence Party or CSDP
Social Democratic Coalition Party (PCSD)
Social Democratic Party of Equatorial Guinea or PSDGE
Social Democratic Union or UDS
Socialist Party of Equatorial Guinea
Diplomatic representation in the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Dr. Crisantos OBAMA ONDO (since 27 February 2024)
chancery: 2020 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009
telephone: [1] (202) 518-5700
FAX: [1] (202) 518-5252
email address and website: info@egembassydc.com
https://www.egembassydc.com/
consulate(s) general: Houston
Reference: 2024, 2020chancery: 2020 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009
telephone: [1] (202) 518-5700
FAX: [1] (202) 518-5252
email address and website: info@egembassydc.com
https://www.egembassydc.com/
consulate(s) general: Houston
Diplomatic representation from the US
chief of mission: Ambassador David R. GILMOUR (since 24 May 2022)
embassy: Malabo II Highway (between the Headquarters of Sonagas and the offices of the United Nations), Malabo
mailing address: 2320 Malabo Place, Washington, DC 20521-2520
telephone: [240] 333 09-57-41
email address and website: Malaboconsular@state.gov
https://gq.usembassy.gov/
Reference: 2022embassy: Malabo II Highway (between the Headquarters of Sonagas and the offices of the United Nations), Malabo
mailing address: 2320 Malabo Place, Washington, DC 20521-2520
telephone: [240] 333 09-57-41
email address and website: Malaboconsular@state.gov
https://gq.usembassy.gov/
International organization participation
ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, CPLP, FAO, Francophonie, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WTO (observer)
Independence
12 October 1968 (from Spain)
Reference: 1968National holiday
Independence Day, 12 October (1968)
Reference: 1968Flag
description: three equal horizontal bands of green (top), white, and red, with a blue isosceles triangle based on the left side and the coat of arms centered in the white band; the coat of arms has six six-pointed yellow stars (representing the mainland and five offshore islands) above a gray shield with a silk-cotton tree; below is a scroll with the motto UNIDAD, PAZ, JUSTICIA (Unity, Peace, Justice)
meaning: green stands for the jungle and natural resources, blue for the sea, white for peace, and red for the fight for independence
meaning: green stands for the jungle and natural resources, blue for the sea, white for peace, and red for the fight for independence
National symbol(s)
silk cotton tree
National color(s)
green, white, red, blue
National coat of arms
the national symbol, the silk cotton tree, is in the center of the coat of arms; the tree represents the location where the first treaty was signed between local rulers and the Portuguese; the stars above the tree symbolize the mainland and the five offshore islands; a ribbon below the shield displays the national motto, “Unidad, Paz, Justicia” (Unity, Peace, Justice)
National anthem(s)
title: "Caminemos pisando la senda" (Let Us Tread the Path)
lyrics/music: Atanasio Ndongo MIYONO/Atanasio Ndongo MIYONO or Ramiro Sanchez LOPEZ (disputed)
history: adopted 1968
Reference: 1968lyrics/music: Atanasio Ndongo MIYONO/Atanasio Ndongo MIYONO or Ramiro Sanchez LOPEZ (disputed)
history: adopted 1968
Government & Official Links
| Institution | Official website | X / Twitter | Verification |
|---|---|---|---|
| Equatorial Guinea official website | Official website | — | Reported · source Checked September 20, 2026 |
Institutional accounts only; personal accounts of political office-holders are excluded.
Legislature & Elections
Legislature
| Name | Chamber | Seats | Electoral system |
|---|---|---|---|
| Parliament of Equatorial Guinea | — | 170 | — |
Economy
Economic overview
growing CEMAC economy and new OPEC member; large oil and gas reserves; targeting economic diversification and poverty reduction; still recovering from CEMAC crisis; improving public financial management; persistent poverty; hard-hit by COVID-19
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024: $29.248 billion (2024 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $28.985 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $30.539 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $28.985 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $30.539 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP per capita
Real GDP per capita 2024: $15,500 (2024 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023: $15,700 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $16,900 (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Real GDP per capita 2023: $15,700 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $16,900 (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
agriculture: 3.1% (2024 est.)
industry: 45.8% (2024 est.)
services: 51.1% (2024 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
Reference: 2024industry: 45.8% (2024 est.)
services: 51.1% (2024 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
GDP - composition, by end use
household consumption: 52.9% (2024 est.)
government consumption: 28.3% (2024 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 9.1% (2024 est.)
investment in inventories: -0.1% (2024 est.)
exports of goods and services: 35.2% (2024 est.)
imports of goods and services: -25.4% (2024 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Reference: 2024government consumption: 28.3% (2024 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 9.1% (2024 est.)
investment in inventories: -0.1% (2024 est.)
exports of goods and services: 35.2% (2024 est.)
imports of goods and services: -25.4% (2024 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Agricultural products
sweet potatoes, cassava, plantains, oil palm fruit, root vegetables, bananas, coconuts, coffee, cocoa beans, chicken (2023)
note: note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Reference: 2023note: note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Industries
petroleum, natural gas, sawmilling
Industrial production growth rate
0.8% (2024 est.)
note: note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Reference: 2024note: note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Labor force
715,000 (2024 est.)
note: note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Reference: 2024note: note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
total: 14.7% (2024 est.)
male: 13.9% (2024 est.)
female: 15.7% (2024 est.)
note: note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Reference: 2024male: 13.9% (2024 est.)
female: 15.7% (2024 est.)
note: note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2022: 38.5 (2022 est.)
note: note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
Reference: 2022note: note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
Household income or consumption by percentage share
lowest 10%: 2.6% (2022 est.)
highest 10%: 29.1% (2022 est.)
note: note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
Reference: 2022highest 10%: 29.1% (2022 est.)
note: note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
Remittances
Remittances 2023: 0% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2022: 0% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2021: 0% of GDP (2021 est.)
note: note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Reference: 2023, 2022, 2021Remittances 2022: 0% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2021: 0% of GDP (2021 est.)
note: note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Budget
revenues: $3.62 billion (2022 est.)
expenditures: $2.051 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Reference: 2022expenditures: $2.051 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Public debt
Public debt 2016: 43.3% of GDP (2016 est.)
Reference: 2016Taxes and other revenues
6.6% (of GDP) (2022 est.)
note: note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
Reference: 2022note: note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
Exports
Exports 2024: $4.489 billion (2024 est.)
Exports 2023: $4.516 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $7.25 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: GDP expenditure basis - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Exports 2023: $4.516 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $7.25 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: GDP expenditure basis - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - partners
China 27%, Netherlands 12%, Spain 10%, Italy 7%, Germany 6% (2023)
note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Exports - commodities
crude petroleum, natural gas, alcohols, wood, scrap iron (2023)
note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports
Imports 2024: $3.24 billion (2024 est.)
Imports 2023: $3.065 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $3.948 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: GDP expenditure basis - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Imports 2023: $3.065 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $3.948 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: GDP expenditure basis - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - partners
China 20%, Spain 17%, USA 10%, Gabon 5%, UK 5% (2023)
note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Imports - commodities
ships, poultry, plastic products, beer, valves (2023)
note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $1.538 billion (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $1.458 billion (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021: $44.271 million (2021 est.)
note: note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Reference: 2023, 2022, 2021Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $1.458 billion (2022 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2021: $44.271 million (2021 est.)
note: note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Exchange rates
Currency: Cooperation Financiere en Afrique Centrale francs (XAF) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2024: 606.345 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 606.57 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 623.76 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 554.531 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020: 575.586 (2020 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Exchange rates 2024: 606.345 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 606.57 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 623.76 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 554.531 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020: 575.586 (2020 est.)
Trade
Exports
Exports 2024: $4.489 billion (2024 est.)
Exports 2023: $4.516 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $7.25 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: GDP expenditure basis - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Exports 2023: $4.516 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $7.25 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: GDP expenditure basis - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - partners
China 27%, Netherlands 12%, Spain 10%, Italy 7%, Germany 6% (2023)
note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Exports - commodities
crude petroleum, natural gas, alcohols, wood, scrap iron (2023)
note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports
Imports 2024: $3.24 billion (2024 est.)
Imports 2023: $3.065 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $3.948 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: GDP expenditure basis - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Imports 2023: $3.065 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $3.948 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: GDP expenditure basis - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - partners
China 20%, Spain 17%, USA 10%, Gabon 5%, UK 5% (2023)
note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Imports - commodities
ships, poultry, plastic products, beer, valves (2023)
note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Energy & Resources
Electricity
installed generating capacity: 349,000 kW (2023 est.)
consumption: 1.402 billion kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 170.527 million kWh (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023consumption: 1.402 billion kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 170.527 million kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources
fossil fuels: 68.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
hydroelectricity: 31.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023hydroelectricity: 31.4% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Coal
imports: 8 metric tons (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Petroleum
total petroleum production: 98,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
refined petroleum consumption: 6,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
crude oil estimated reserves: 1.1 billion barrels (2021 est.)
Reference: 2023, 2021refined petroleum consumption: 6,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
crude oil estimated reserves: 1.1 billion barrels (2021 est.)
Natural gas
production: 6.013 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
consumption: 2.332 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
exports: 3.63 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
proven reserves: 139.007 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
Reference: 2023, 2021consumption: 2.332 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
exports: 3.63 billion cubic meters (2023 est.)
proven reserves: 139.007 billion cubic meters (2021 est.)
Energy consumption per capita
Total energy consumption per capita 2023: 54.509 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Infrastructure
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 11,000 (2022 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2022 est.) less than 1
Reference: 2022subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2022 est.) less than 1
Health
Maternal mortality ratio
174 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 3.4% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 4.4% of national budget (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022, 2021Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 4.4% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
0.15 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
Reference: 2022Obesity - adult prevalence rate
8% (2016)
Reference: 2016Education
Rights, Freedoms & Society
Press & Media Freedom
V-Dem expert-coded/modelled source measures. Knelstrom does not create a press-freedom ranking or composite score.
LGBTQ+ Rights & Law
Concrete legal-status fields only; Knelstrom does not generate an LGBTQ rights score or country ranking.
Source: Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory (CC BY-SA 4.0). Community-edited legal-status summary; retrieved by Knelstrom and not legal advice.
Crime & Justice
Legal system
mixed system of civil and customary law
Judicial branch
highest court(s): Supreme Court of Justice (consists of the President of the Supreme Court and nine judges organized into civil, criminal, commercial, labor, administrative, and customary sections); Constitutional Court (consists of the court president and 4 members)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges appointed by the president for five-year terms; Constitutional Court members appointed by the president, 2 of whom are nominated by the Chamber of Deputies
subordinate courts: Court of Guarantees; military courts; Courts of Appeal; first instance tribunals; district and county tribunals
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges appointed by the president for five-year terms; Constitutional Court members appointed by the president, 2 of whom are nominated by the Chamber of Deputies
subordinate courts: Court of Guarantees; military courts; Courts of Appeal; first instance tribunals; district and county tribunals
Military & Security
Military and security forces
Equatorial Guinea Armed Forces (Fuerzas Armadas de Guinea Ecuatorial, FAGE): Army, Navy, Air Force, Gendarmerie (Guardia Civil) (2025)
note: note: the National Police report to the Ministry of National Security, while the Gendarmerie reports to the Ministry of National Defense; police generally are responsible for maintaining law and order in the cities, while gendarmes are responsible for security outside cities and for special events
note: note: the National Police report to the Ministry of National Security, while the Gendarmerie reports to the Ministry of National Defense; police generally are responsible for maintaining law and order in the cities, while gendarmes are responsible for security outside cities and for special events
Military expenditures
Military Expenditures 2024: 1% of GDP (2024)
Military Expenditures 2023: 1.6% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military Expenditures 2022: 1.3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military Expenditures 2021: 1.3% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military Expenditures 2020: 1.6% of GDP (2020 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Military Expenditures 2023: 1.6% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military Expenditures 2022: 1.3% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military Expenditures 2021: 1.3% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military Expenditures 2020: 1.6% of GDP (2020 est.)
Military and security service personnel strengths
estimated 2,000 active Armed Forces, including Gendarmerie (2025)
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
the FAGE is armed with mostly older (typically Soviet-era) and second-hand weapons systems; in recent years, it has sought to modernize its naval inventory with purchases of vessels from several countries, including Bulgaria and Israel; China and Russia have also supplied some equipment to the FAGE (2024)
Reference: 2024Military service age and obligation
18 years of age for selective compulsory military service, although conscription is rare in practice; 24-month service obligation (2023)
Reference: 2023Military - note
the Armed Forces of Equatorial Guinea (FAGE) are responsible for defending the territory and sovereignty of the country; the FAGE also has some internal security duties, including fulfilling some police functions in border areas, sensitive sites, and high-traffic areas; maritime security, particularly protecting offshore oil installations and combating piracy and crime in the Gulf of Guinea, is a key priority (2024)
Reference: 2024International Relations
International law organization participation
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Diplomatic representation in the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Dr. Crisantos OBAMA ONDO (since 27 February 2024)
chancery: 2020 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009
telephone: [1] (202) 518-5700
FAX: [1] (202) 518-5252
email address and website: info@egembassydc.com
https://www.egembassydc.com/
consulate(s) general: Houston
Reference: 2024, 2020chancery: 2020 16th Street NW, Washington, DC 20009
telephone: [1] (202) 518-5700
FAX: [1] (202) 518-5252
email address and website: info@egembassydc.com
https://www.egembassydc.com/
consulate(s) general: Houston
Diplomatic representation from the US
chief of mission: Ambassador David R. GILMOUR (since 24 May 2022)
embassy: Malabo II Highway (between the Headquarters of Sonagas and the offices of the United Nations), Malabo
mailing address: 2320 Malabo Place, Washington, DC 20521-2520
telephone: [240] 333 09-57-41
email address and website: Malaboconsular@state.gov
https://gq.usembassy.gov/
Reference: 2022embassy: Malabo II Highway (between the Headquarters of Sonagas and the offices of the United Nations), Malabo
mailing address: 2320 Malabo Place, Washington, DC 20521-2520
telephone: [240] 333 09-57-41
email address and website: Malaboconsular@state.gov
https://gq.usembassy.gov/
International organization participation
ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, CPLP, FAO, Francophonie, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WTO (observer)
Treaties & Organisations
| Organisation | Status | Joined |
|---|---|---|
| African Union (AU) | member | — |
| OPEC (OPEC) | member | 2017-05-00 |
| United Nations (UN) | member | 1968-11-12 |
International law organization participation
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
International organization participation
ACP, AfDB, AU, BDEAC, CEMAC, CPLP, FAO, Francophonie, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IPU, ITSO, ITU, MIGA, NAM, OAS (observer), OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WHO, WIPO, WTO (observer)
Conflict & Security
Refugees and internally displaced persons
refugees: 5 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Transportation & Logistics
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
3C
Airports
7 (2025)
Merchant marine
total: 53 (2023)
by type: bulk carrier 1, general cargo 16, oil tanker 7, other 29
Reference: 2023by type: bulk carrier 1, general cargo 16, oil tanker 7, other 29
Ports
total ports: 7 (2024)
large: 0
medium: 0
small: 1
very small: 6
ports with oil terminals: 6
key ports: Bata, Ceiba Terminal, Cogo, Luba, Malabo, Punta Europa Terminal, Serpentina Terminal
Reference: 2024large: 0
medium: 0
small: 1
very small: 6
ports with oil terminals: 6
key ports: Bata, Ceiba Terminal, Cogo, Luba, Malabo, Punta Europa Terminal, Serpentina Terminal
Environment
Environmental issues
deforestation (agricultural expansion, fires, and grazing); desertification; water pollution; tap water non-potable; wildlife preservation
International environmental agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban
signed, but not ratified: Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban
Climate
tropical; always hot, humid
Land use
agricultural land: 3.7% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 1.9% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 1.7% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 0.2% (2022 est.)
forest: 86.7% (2022 est.)
other: 9.6% (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 1.9% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 1.7% (2022 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 0.2% (2022 est.)
forest: 86.7% (2022 est.)
other: 9.6% (2022 est.)
Urbanization
urban population: 74.4% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 3.62% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Reference: 2023, 2020rate of urbanization: 3.62% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions
total emissions: 5.471 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke: 1 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids: 896,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from consumed natural gas: 4.575 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023from coal and metallurgical coke: 1 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids: 896,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from consumed natural gas: 4.575 million metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Particulate matter emissions
26.5 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Reference: 2019Methane emissions
energy: 129.8 kt (2022-2024 est.)
agriculture: 0.4 kt (2019-2021 est.)
waste: 10 kt (2019-2021 est.)
other: 2.2 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2022, 2021, 2019agriculture: 0.4 kt (2019-2021 est.)
waste: 10 kt (2019-2021 est.)
other: 2.2 kt (2019-2021 est.)
Waste and recycling
municipal solid waste generated annually: 198,400 tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 23.9% (2022 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2022percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 23.9% (2022 est.)
Total water withdrawal
municipal: 15.8 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
industrial: 3 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
agricultural: 1 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022industrial: 3 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
agricultural: 1 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Total renewable water resources
26 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022Communications & Media
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 11,000 (2022 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2022 est.) less than 1
Reference: 2022subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2022 est.) less than 1
Broadcast media
the state maintains control of broadcast media; 1 state-owned TV station, 1 private TV station owned by the president's eldest son, 1 state-owned radio station, and 1 private radio station owned by the president's eldest son; satellite TV service is available; transmissions of multiple international broadcasters are generally accessible (2019)
Reference: 2019Internet country code
.gq
Historical Trends
Population
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View Population data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 1,508,186 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | 1,562,396 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | 1,616,422 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | 1,670,177 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | 1,716,468 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | 1,758,786 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | 1,803,545 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | 1,847,549 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 1,892,516 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | 1,938,431 | world_bank_wdi |
GDP (current US$)
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View GDP (current US$) data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | $11,240,808,848 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | $12,200,913,879 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | $13,097,012,134 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | $11,364,133,550 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | $9,893,816,008 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | $12,215,878,033 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | $13,687,643,436 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | $12,541,814,273 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | $13,254,388,261 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | $12,823,210,426 | world_bank_wdi |
International migrant stock (immigrants)
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View International migrant stock (immigrants) data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 230,618 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 248,930 | world_bank_wdi |
International emigrant stock
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View International emigrant stock data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 27,829 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 1995 | 40,029 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2000 | 57,049 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2005 | 71,228 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2010 | 83,286 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2015 | 116,053 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2020 | 127,021 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2024 | 136,825 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
Net migration
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View Net migration data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 17,107 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | 16,399 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | 15,581 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | 14,695 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | 0 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | 6,493 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | 3,997 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | 3,997 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 3,891 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | 3,812 | world_bank_wdi |
Sources & Methodology
Current statistical observations include their reference period and provenance. Reference fields from approved source datasets are attributed below. Missing information is left unknown rather than inferred.
| Indicator | Value | Period | Source | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 1,938,431 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| UN Population Division population estimate | 1,984,468 | 2026 | UN Population Division Data Portal | Estimated |
| Wikidata population (fallback) | 1,847,549 | 2023 | Wikidata | Reported |
| International migrant stock (immigrants) | 248,930 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| International migrant stock | 13.2% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| International emigrant stock | 136,825 | 2024 | UN DESA International Migrant Stock 2024 | Estimated |
| Net migration | 3,812 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Refugees from this country | 424 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Asylum seekers from this country | 351 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Freedom of expression & alternative information index | 0.112 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Government censorship effort — media | -1.891 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Harassment of journalists | -1.996 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Print/broadcast media critical of government | -1.038 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Range of perspectives in major media | -0.956 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Media bias | -1.262 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Media self-censorship | -1.400 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Same-sex sexual activity | Yes Legal since 12 October 1968 | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Recognition of same-sex relationships | No | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Same-sex marriage | No | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Same-sex adoption | No | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Sexual-orientation anti-discrimination law | Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination. | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Gender identity / expression law | No | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| GDP (current US$) | $12,823,210,426 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| GDP per capita (current US$) | $6,615 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| GDP growth | -5.8% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Inflation, consumer prices | 2.9% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Unemployment | 8.3% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Income level | Upper middle income | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Life expectancy at birth | 63.9 years | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Fertility rate | 4.1 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Urban population | 71.6% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Individuals using the Internet | 63.3% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Exports of goods and services | 46.5% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Imports of goods and services | 28.4% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Trade | 74.9% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Adult literacy rate | 88.3% | 2000 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Secondary school enrolment, gross | 17.8% | 2005 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Government education expenditure | 2.2% | 1998 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Access to electricity | 65.1% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Electric power consumption | 792 kWh/person | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Renewable energy consumption | 4.2% | 2022 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Current health expenditure | 3.5% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Infant mortality rate | 47.6 per 1,000 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Forest area | 86.4% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Mobile cellular subscriptions | 49.5 per 100 | 2022 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Fixed broadband subscriptions | 0.1 per 100 | 2022 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Secure Internet servers | 67 per million | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Latitude | 3.7523° | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Longitude | 8.7741° | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Latitude (Wikidata) | 1.5000° | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Longitude (Wikidata) | 10.0000° | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Time zone | UTC+01:00 | current | Wikidata | Reported |
Data attribution
Credits below are generated from sources actually used by this country profile. Source-specific terms take precedence.
- CIA World Factbook, final 2025 country profile (structured via factbook.json). Accessed September 20, 2026. U.S. Government public-domain data; retained as a reference source where a newer approved field is not available. Source · Terms/licence
- United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, International Migrant Stock 2024; data access/processing via Our World in Data. Accessed September 20, 2026. Underlying UN dataset used under CC BY 3.0 IGO. Source · Terms/licence
- United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, World Population Prospects (WPP indicator 49) Accessed September 19, 2026. Used under CC BY 3.0 IGO; current-year WPP population values are presented as estimates/projections where applicable. Source · Terms/licence
- Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem), Country-Year Dataset v16 (variables: v2mebias, v2mecenefm, v2mecrit, v2meharjrn, v2merange, v2meslfcen, v2x_freexp_altinf) Accessed September 20, 2026. Used under CC BY-SA 4.0; V-Dem measures are expert-coded/modelled and no V-Dem endorsement is implied. Source · Terms/licence
- Wikidata structured data (CC0). Accessed September 20, 2026. Attribution is provided by Knelstrom for provenance although CC0 does not require it. Source · Terms/licence
- Wikipedia, “LGBTQ rights by country or territory” (source revision/data fields: Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Gender identity / expression law, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Recognition of same-sex relationships, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex adoption, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex marriage, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex sexual activity, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Sexual-orientation anti-discrimination law) Accessed September 20, 2026. Used under CC BY-SA 4.0. Knelstrom changes formatting and presents the imported material as a community-edited legal-status summary, not legal advice or a Knelstrom rights score. Source · Terms/licence
- World Bank, World Development Indicators (series: AG.LND.FRST.ZS, country_metadata, EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS, EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS, EG.USE.ELEC.KH.PC, FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG, IT.CEL.SETS.P2, IT.NET.BBND.P2, IT.NET.SECR.P6, IT.NET.USER.ZS, NE.EXP.GNFS.ZS, NE.IMP.GNFS.ZS, NE.TRD.GNFS.ZS, NY.GDP.MKTP.CD, NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG, NY.GDP.PCAP.CD, SE.ADT.LITR.ZS, SE.SEC.ENRR, SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS, SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS, SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS, SM.POP.ASYS.EO, SM.POP.NETM, SM.POP.RHCR.EO, SM.POP.TOTL, SM.POP.TOTL.ZS, SP.DYN.IMRT.IN, SP.DYN.LE00.IN, SP.DYN.TFRT.IN, SP.POP.TOTL, SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS) Accessed September 20, 2026. Data used under CC BY 4.0; Knelstrom presentation/formatting may differ from the source. Source · Terms/licence
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Last automated statistical refresh: 2026-09-20 02:05:15