Knelstrom Intelligence · World Factbook
Djibouti
جمهورية جيبوتي
CapitalDjibouti
Population1,184,076
GDP$4.6bn
Area23,200 km²
RegionMiddle East, North Africa, Afghanistan & Pakistan
Data sources current · last checked September 20, 2026 2:10 am
Country facts
Overview
Background
Present-day Djibouti was the site of the medieval Ifat and Adal Sultanates. In the late 19th century, the Afar sultans signed treaties with the French that allowed the latter to establish the colony of French Somaliland in 1862. The French signed additional treaties with the ethnic Somali in 1885.
Tension between the ethnic Afar and Somali populations increased over time, as the ethnic Somalis perceived that the French unfairly favored the Afar and gave them disproportionate influence in local governance. In 1958, the French held a referendum that provided residents of French Somaliland the option to either continue their association with France or to join neighboring Somalia as it established its independence. Ethnic Somali protested the vote, because French colonial leaders did not recognize many Somali as residents, which gave the Afar outsized influence in the decision to uphold ties with France. After a second referendum in 1967, the French changed the territory’s name to the French Territory of the Afars and the Issas, in part to underscore their relationship with the ethnic Afar and downplay the significance of the ethnic Somalis. A final referendum in 1977 established Djibouti as an independent nation and granted ethnic Somalis Djiboutian nationality, formally resetting the balance of power between the majority ethnic Somalis and minority ethnic Afar residents. Upon independence, the country was named after its capital city of Djibouti. Hassan Gouled APTIDON, an ethnic Somali leader, installed an authoritarian one-party state and served as president until 1999. Unrest between the Afar minority and Somali majority culminated in a civil war during the 1990s that ended in 2001 with a peace accord between Afar rebels and the Somali Issa-dominated government. In 1999, Djibouti's first multiparty presidential election resulted in the election of Ismail Omar GUELLEH as president; he was reelected to a second term in 2005 and extended his tenure in office via a constitutional amendment, which allowed him to serve his third and fourth terms, and to begin a fifth term in 2021.
Djibouti occupies a strategic geographic location at the intersection of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden. Its ports handle 95% of Ethiopia’s trade. Djibouti’s ports also service transshipments between Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. The government has longstanding ties to France, which maintains a military presence in the country, as do the US, Japan, Italy, Germany, Spain, and China.
Reference: 2021, 2005, 2001, 1999Tension between the ethnic Afar and Somali populations increased over time, as the ethnic Somalis perceived that the French unfairly favored the Afar and gave them disproportionate influence in local governance. In 1958, the French held a referendum that provided residents of French Somaliland the option to either continue their association with France or to join neighboring Somalia as it established its independence. Ethnic Somali protested the vote, because French colonial leaders did not recognize many Somali as residents, which gave the Afar outsized influence in the decision to uphold ties with France. After a second referendum in 1967, the French changed the territory’s name to the French Territory of the Afars and the Issas, in part to underscore their relationship with the ethnic Afar and downplay the significance of the ethnic Somalis. A final referendum in 1977 established Djibouti as an independent nation and granted ethnic Somalis Djiboutian nationality, formally resetting the balance of power between the majority ethnic Somalis and minority ethnic Afar residents. Upon independence, the country was named after its capital city of Djibouti. Hassan Gouled APTIDON, an ethnic Somali leader, installed an authoritarian one-party state and served as president until 1999. Unrest between the Afar minority and Somali majority culminated in a civil war during the 1990s that ended in 2001 with a peace accord between Afar rebels and the Somali Issa-dominated government. In 1999, Djibouti's first multiparty presidential election resulted in the election of Ismail Omar GUELLEH as president; he was reelected to a second term in 2005 and extended his tenure in office via a constitutional amendment, which allowed him to serve his third and fourth terms, and to begin a fifth term in 2021.
Djibouti occupies a strategic geographic location at the intersection of the Red Sea and the Gulf of Aden. Its ports handle 95% of Ethiopia’s trade. Djibouti’s ports also service transshipments between Europe, the Middle East, and Asia. The government has longstanding ties to France, which maintains a military presence in the country, as do the US, Japan, Italy, Germany, Spain, and China.
Geography
Location
Eastern Africa, bordering the Gulf of Aden and the Red Sea, between Eritrea and Somalia
Map references
Africa
Area
total: 23,200 sq km
land: 23,180 sq km
water: 20 sq km
land: 23,180 sq km
water: 20 sq km
Area - comparative
slightly smaller than New Jersey
Land boundaries
total: 528 km
border countries: Eritrea 125 km; Ethiopia 342 km; Somalia 61 km
border countries: Eritrea 125 km; Ethiopia 342 km; Somalia 61 km
Coastline
314 km
Maritime claims
territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Climate
desert; torrid, dry
Terrain
coastal plain and plateau separated by central mountains
Elevation
highest point: Moussa Ali 2,021 m
lowest point: Lac Assal -155 m
mean elevation: 430 m
lowest point: Lac Assal -155 m
mean elevation: 430 m
Natural resources
potential geothermal power, gold, clay, granite, limestone, marble, salt, diatomite, gypsum, pumice, petroleum
Land use
agricultural land: 73.5% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 0.1% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 73.3% (2023 est.)
forest: 0.3% (2023 est.)
other: 26.2% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 0.1% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 73.3% (2023 est.)
forest: 0.3% (2023 est.)
other: 26.2% (2023 est.)
Irrigated land
10 sq km (2012)
Reference: 2012Major lakes (area sq km)
salt water lake(s): Abhe Bad/Abhe Bid Hayk (shared with Ethiopia) - 780 sq km
Population distribution
most densely populated areas are in the east; the largest city is Djibouti, and the other cities in the country are a fraction of its size, as shown in this population distribution map
Natural hazards
earthquakes; droughts; occasional cyclonic disturbances from the Indian Ocean bring heavy rains and flash floods
volcanism: experiences limited volcanic activity; Ardoukoba (298 m) last erupted in 1978; Manda-Inakir, located along the Ethiopian border, is also historically active
Reference: 1978volcanism: experiences limited volcanic activity; Ardoukoba (298 m) last erupted in 1978; Manda-Inakir, located along the Ethiopian border, is also historically active
Geography - note
strategic location near world's busiest shipping lanes and close to Arabian oilfields; Lac Assal (Lake Assal) is the lowest point in Africa and the saltiest lake in the world
Population & Society
Nationality
noun: Djiboutian(s)
adjective: Djiboutian
adjective: Djiboutian
Ethnic groups
Somali 60%, Afar 35%, other 5% (mostly Yemeni Arab, also French, Ethiopian, and Italian)
Languages
French (official), Arabic (official), Somali, Afar
Religions
Sunni Muslim 94% (nearly all Djiboutians), other 6% (mainly foreign-born residents - Shia Muslim, Christian, Hindu, Jewish, Baha'i, and atheist)
Age structure
0-14 years: 28.4% (male 141,829/female 140,696)
15-64 years: 67.4% (male 290,654/female 379,778)
65 years and over: 4.2% (2024 est.) (male 18,313/female 23,704)
Reference: 202415-64 years: 67.4% (male 290,654/female 379,778)
65 years and over: 4.2% (2024 est.) (male 18,313/female 23,704)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio: 48.4 (2024 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 42.1 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 6.3 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio: 16 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024youth dependency ratio: 42.1 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 6.3 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio: 16 (2024 est.)
Median age
total: 26.3 years (2024 est.)
male: 24.4 years
female: 27.9 years
Reference: 2024male: 24.4 years
female: 27.9 years
Population growth rate
1.89% (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Birth rate
21.8 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Death rate
7 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Population distribution
most densely populated areas are in the east; the largest city is Djibouti, and the other cities in the country are a fraction of its size, as shown in this population distribution map
Major urban areas - population
600,000 DJIBOUTI (capital) (2023)
Reference: 2023Sex ratio
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.77 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female
total population: 0.83 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Reference: 20240-14 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.77 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female
total population: 0.83 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio
162 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Gross reproduction rate
1.04 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Drinking water source
improved: urban: urban: 84.1% of population (2022 est.)
improved: rural: rural: 47.3% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 76.2% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 15.9% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 52.7% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 23.8% of population (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022improved: rural: rural: 47.3% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 76.2% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 15.9% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 52.7% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 23.8% of population (2022 est.)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 2.9% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 5.2% of national budget (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022, 2021Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 5.2% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
0.21 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
Reference: 2022Hospital bed density
1.4 beds/1,000 population (2018 est.)
Reference: 2018Sanitation facility access
improved: urban: urban: 87.7% of population (2022 est.)
improved: rural: rural: 24.2% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 74% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 12.3% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 75.8% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 26% of population (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022improved: rural: rural: 24.2% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 74% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 12.3% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 75.8% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 26% of population (2022 est.)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
13.5% (2016)
Reference: 2016Alcohol consumption per capita
total: 0.21 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer: 0.05 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 0.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 0.14 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Reference: 2019beer: 0.05 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 0.02 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 0.14 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight
17.7% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Currently married women (ages 15-49)
50.6% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Child marriage
women married by age 15: 1.4% (2019)
women married by age 18: 6.5% (2019)
Reference: 2019women married by age 18: 6.5% (2019)
Migration & Displacement
Immigrant/emigrant stock measures the number of international migrants resident in, or originating from, the country; it is not the same as annual immigration/emigration flows.
Refugees and internally displaced persons
refugees: 32,636 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Government & Politics
| Office | Holder | Affiliation | From | Status | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Head of government | Abdoulkader Kamil Mohamed | — | 2013-04-01 | Current | Reported |
| Head of state | Ismail Omar Guelleh | — | 1999-05-08 | Current | Reported |
Country name
conventional long form: Republic of Djibouti
conventional short form: Djibouti
local long form: République de Djibouti (French)/ Jumhuriyat Jibuti (Arabic)
local short form: Djibouti (French)/ Jibuti (Arabic)
former: French Somaliland, French Territory of the Afars and Issas
etymology: the country name derives from the capital city of Djibouti
conventional short form: Djibouti
local long form: République de Djibouti (French)/ Jumhuriyat Jibuti (Arabic)
local short form: Djibouti (French)/ Jibuti (Arabic)
former: French Somaliland, French Territory of the Afars and Issas
etymology: the country name derives from the capital city of Djibouti
Government type
presidential republic
Capital
name: Djibouti
geographic coordinates: 11 35 N, 43 09 E
time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: the name is said to derive from the Afar word gabouri, meaning "plate," in reference to a palm-fiber plate used for ceremonial purposes
geographic coordinates: 11 35 N, 43 09 E
time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: the name is said to derive from the Afar word gabouri, meaning "plate," in reference to a palm-fiber plate used for ceremonial purposes
Administrative divisions
6 districts (cercles, singular - cercle); Ali Sabieh, Arta, Dikhil, Djibouti, Obock, Tadjourah
Legal system
mixed system based primarily on the French civil code (as it existed in 1997), Islamic religious law (in matters of family law and successions), and customary law
Reference: 1997Constitution
history: approved by referendum 4 September 1992
amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic or by the National Assembly; Assembly consideration of proposals requires assent of at least one third of the membership; passage requires a simple majority vote by the Assembly and approval by simple majority vote in a referendum; the president can opt to bypass a referendum if adopted by at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly; constitutional articles on the sovereignty of Djibouti, its republican form of government, and its pluralist form of democracy cannot be amended
Reference: 1992amendment process: proposed by the president of the republic or by the National Assembly; Assembly consideration of proposals requires assent of at least one third of the membership; passage requires a simple majority vote by the Assembly and approval by simple majority vote in a referendum; the president can opt to bypass a referendum if adopted by at least two-thirds majority vote of the Assembly; constitutional articles on the sovereignty of Djibouti, its republican form of government, and its pluralist form of democracy cannot be amended
International law organization participation
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Citizenship
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: the mother must be a citizen of Djibouti
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years
citizenship by descent only: the mother must be a citizen of Djibouti
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch
chief of state: President Ismail Omar GUELLEH (since 8 May 1999)
head of government: Prime Minister Abdoulkader Kamil MOHAMED (since 1 April 2013)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
election/appointment process: president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term; prime minister appointed by the president
most recent election date: 9 April 2021
election results: 2021: Ismail Omar GUELLEH reelected president for a fifth term; percent of vote - Ismail Omar GUELLEH (RPP) 97.4%, Zakaria Ismael FARAH (MDEND) 2.7%
2016: Ismail Omar GUELLEH reelected president for a fourth term; percent of vote - Ismail Omar GUELLEH (RPP) 87%, Omar Elmi KHAIREH (CDU) 7.3%, other 5.6%
expected date of next election: April 2026
Reference: 2026, 2021, 2016, 2013head of government: Prime Minister Abdoulkader Kamil MOHAMED (since 1 April 2013)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the prime minister
election/appointment process: president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term; prime minister appointed by the president
most recent election date: 9 April 2021
election results: 2021: Ismail Omar GUELLEH reelected president for a fifth term; percent of vote - Ismail Omar GUELLEH (RPP) 97.4%, Zakaria Ismael FARAH (MDEND) 2.7%
2016: Ismail Omar GUELLEH reelected president for a fourth term; percent of vote - Ismail Omar GUELLEH (RPP) 87%, Omar Elmi KHAIREH (CDU) 7.3%, other 5.6%
expected date of next election: April 2026
Legislative branch
legislature name: National Assembly (Assemblée nationale)
legislative structure: unicameral
number of seats: 65 (all directly elected)
electoral system: mixed system
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 5 years
most recent election date: 2/24/2023
parties elected and seats per party: Union for the Presidential Majority (UMP) (58); Union for Democracy and Justice (UDJ) (7)
percentage of women in chamber: 26.2%
expected date of next election: February 2028
note: note: most opposition parties boycotted the 2023 polls, stating the elections were "not free, not transparent, and not democratic"
Reference: 2028, 2023legislative structure: unicameral
number of seats: 65 (all directly elected)
electoral system: mixed system
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 5 years
most recent election date: 2/24/2023
parties elected and seats per party: Union for the Presidential Majority (UMP) (58); Union for Democracy and Justice (UDJ) (7)
percentage of women in chamber: 26.2%
expected date of next election: February 2028
note: note: most opposition parties boycotted the 2023 polls, stating the elections were "not free, not transparent, and not democratic"
Judicial branch
highest court(s): Supreme Court or Cour Suprême (consists of NA magistrates); Constitutional Council (consists of 6 magistrates)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court magistrates appointed by the president with the advice of the Superior Council of the Magistracy (CSM), a 10-member body consisting of 4 judges, 3 members (non-parliamentarians and judges) appointed by the president, and 3 appointed by the National Assembly president or speaker; magistrates appointed for life with retirement at age 65; Constitutional Council magistrate appointments - 2 by the president of the republic, 2 by the president of the National Assembly, and 2 by the CSM; magistrates appointed for 8-year, non-renewable terms
subordinate courts: High Court of Appeal; Courts of First Instance; customary courts; State Court (replaced sharia courts in 2003)
Reference: 2003judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court magistrates appointed by the president with the advice of the Superior Council of the Magistracy (CSM), a 10-member body consisting of 4 judges, 3 members (non-parliamentarians and judges) appointed by the president, and 3 appointed by the National Assembly president or speaker; magistrates appointed for life with retirement at age 65; Constitutional Council magistrate appointments - 2 by the president of the republic, 2 by the president of the National Assembly, and 2 by the CSM; magistrates appointed for 8-year, non-renewable terms
subordinate courts: High Court of Appeal; Courts of First Instance; customary courts; State Court (replaced sharia courts in 2003)
Political parties
Front for Restoration of Unity and Democracy (Front pour la Restauration de l'Unite Democratique) or FRUD
National Democratic Party or PND
People's Rally for Progress or RPP
Peoples Social Democratic Party or PPSD
Union for Democracy and Justice or UDJ
Union for the Presidential Majority coalition or UMP
Union of Reform Partisans or UPR
National Democratic Party or PND
People's Rally for Progress or RPP
Peoples Social Democratic Party or PPSD
Union for Democracy and Justice or UDJ
Union for the Presidential Majority coalition or UMP
Union of Reform Partisans or UPR
Diplomatic representation in the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Mohamed Siad DOUALEH (28 January 2016)
chancery: 1156 15th Street NW, Suite 515, Washington, DC 20005
telephone: [1] (202) 331-0270
FAX: [1] (202) 331-0302
email address and website: info@djiboutiembassyus.org
https://www.djiboutiembassyus.org/
Reference: 2016chancery: 1156 15th Street NW, Suite 515, Washington, DC 20005
telephone: [1] (202) 331-0270
FAX: [1] (202) 331-0302
email address and website: info@djiboutiembassyus.org
https://www.djiboutiembassyus.org/
Diplomatic representation from the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Cynthia KIERSCHT (since 17 October 2024)
embassy: Lot 350-B Haramouss, B.P. 185
mailing address: 2150 Djibouti Place, Washington DC 20521-2150
telephone: [253] 21-45-30-00
FAX: [253] 21-45-31-29
email address and website: DjiboutiACS@state.gov
https://dj.usembassy.gov/
Reference: 2024embassy: Lot 350-B Haramouss, B.P. 185
mailing address: 2150 Djibouti Place, Washington DC 20521-2150
telephone: [253] 21-45-30-00
FAX: [253] 21-45-31-29
email address and website: DjiboutiACS@state.gov
https://dj.usembassy.gov/
International organization participation
ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, ATMIS, AU, CAEU (candidates), COMESA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MINURSO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Independence
27 June 1977 (from France)
Reference: 1977National holiday
Independence Day, 27 June (1977)
Reference: 1977Flag
description: two equal horizontal bands of light blue (top) and light green, with a white isosceles triangle based on the left side that has a five-pointed red star in the center
meaning: blue stands for sea, sky, and the Issa Somali people, green for earth and the Afar people, and white for peace; the red star stands for the struggle for independence and unity
meaning: blue stands for sea, sky, and the Issa Somali people, green for earth and the Afar people, and white for peace; the red star stands for the struggle for independence and unity
National symbol(s)
red star
National color(s)
light blue, green, white, red
National anthem(s)
title: "Jabuuti" (Djibouti)
lyrics/music: Aden ELMI/Abdi ROBLEH
history: adopted 1977
Reference: 1977lyrics/music: Aden ELMI/Abdi ROBLEH
history: adopted 1977
Government & Official Links
| Institution | Official website | X / Twitter | Verification |
|---|---|---|---|
| Djibouti official website | Official website | — | Reported · source Checked September 20, 2026 |
Institutional accounts only; personal accounts of political office-holders are excluded.
Legislature & Elections
Legislature
| Name | Chamber | Seats | Electoral system |
|---|---|---|---|
| National Assembly | — | 65 | — |
Economy
Economic overview
food import-dependent Horn of Africa economy driven by various national military bases and port-based trade; fairly resilient from COVID-19 disruptions; major re-exporter; increasing Ethiopian and Chinese trade relations; investing in infrastructure
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024: $7.995 billion (2024 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $7.546 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $7.028 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $7.546 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $7.028 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP per capita
Real GDP per capita 2024: $6,800 (2024 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023: $6,500 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $6,200 (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Real GDP per capita 2023: $6,500 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $6,200 (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
agriculture: 2.6% (2024 est.)
industry: 15.4% (2024 est.)
services: 75.5% (2024 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
Reference: 2024industry: 15.4% (2024 est.)
services: 75.5% (2024 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
GDP - composition, by end use
household consumption: 73% (2024 est.)
government consumption: 18.8% (2024 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 26.3% (2024 est.)
investment in inventories: -30.1% (2024 est.)
exports of goods and services: 160.8% (2024 est.)
imports of goods and services: -148.3% (2024 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Reference: 2024government consumption: 18.8% (2024 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 26.3% (2024 est.)
investment in inventories: -30.1% (2024 est.)
exports of goods and services: 160.8% (2024 est.)
imports of goods and services: -148.3% (2024 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Agricultural products
vegetables, beans, milk, beef, camel milk, lemons/limes, goat meat, lamb/mutton, tomatoes, beef offal (2023)
note: note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Reference: 2023note: note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Industries
construction, agricultural processing, shipping
Industrial production growth rate
9.7% (2024 est.)
note: note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Reference: 2024note: note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Labor force
265,200 (2024 est.)
note: note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Reference: 2024note: note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
total: 76.3% (2024 est.)
male: 75.3% (2024 est.)
female: 77.9% (2024 est.)
note: note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Reference: 2024male: 75.3% (2024 est.)
female: 77.9% (2024 est.)
note: note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Population below poverty line
21.1% (2017 est.)
note: note: % of population with income below national poverty line
Reference: 2017note: note: % of population with income below national poverty line
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2017: 41.6 (2017 est.)
note: note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
Reference: 2017note: note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
Household income or consumption by percentage share
lowest 10%: 1.9% (2017 est.)
highest 10%: 32.3% (2017 est.)
note: note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
Reference: 2017highest 10%: 32.3% (2017 est.)
note: note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
Remittances
Remittances 2024: 1.4% of GDP (2024 est.)
Remittances 2023: 1.5% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2022: 1.6% of GDP (2022 est.)
note: note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Remittances 2023: 1.5% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2022: 1.6% of GDP (2022 est.)
note: note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Budget
revenues: $725 million (2019 est.)
expenditures: $754 million (2019 est.)
Reference: 2019expenditures: $754 million (2019 est.)
Public debt
Public debt 2016: 33.7% of GDP (2016 est.)
Reference: 2016Current account balance
Current account balance 2024: $610.124 million (2024 est.)
Current account balance 2023: $721.349 million (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: $656.207 million (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Current account balance 2023: $721.349 million (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: $656.207 million (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
Exports 2024: $5.25 billion (2024 est.)
Exports 2023: $5.877 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $5.674 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Exports 2023: $5.877 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $5.674 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - partners
Ethiopia 77%, UAE 5%, China 3%, Singapore 2%, France 2% (2023)
note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Exports - commodities
raw sugar, seed oils, cars, palm oil, rice (2023)
note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports
Imports 2024: $4.765 billion (2024 est.)
Imports 2023: $5.269 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $5.096 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Imports 2023: $5.269 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $5.096 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - partners
China 32%, India 12%, UAE 10%, Turkey 6%, Morocco 5% (2023)
note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Imports - commodities
refined petroleum, palm oil, fertilizers, cars, seed oils (2023)
note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024: $348.725 million (2024 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $502.034 million (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $589.437 million (2022 est.)
note: note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $502.034 million (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $589.437 million (2022 est.)
note: note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Debt - external
Debt - external 2023: $2.531 billion (2023 est.)
note: note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
Exchange rates
Currency: Djiboutian francs (DJF) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2024: 177.721 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 177.721 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 177.721 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 177.721 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020: 177.721 (2020 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Exchange rates 2024: 177.721 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 177.721 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 177.721 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 177.721 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020: 177.721 (2020 est.)
Trade
Current account balance
Current account balance 2024: $610.124 million (2024 est.)
Current account balance 2023: $721.349 million (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: $656.207 million (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Current account balance 2023: $721.349 million (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: $656.207 million (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
Exports 2024: $5.25 billion (2024 est.)
Exports 2023: $5.877 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $5.674 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Exports 2023: $5.877 billion (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $5.674 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - partners
Ethiopia 77%, UAE 5%, China 3%, Singapore 2%, France 2% (2023)
note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Exports - commodities
raw sugar, seed oils, cars, palm oil, rice (2023)
note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports
Imports 2024: $4.765 billion (2024 est.)
Imports 2023: $5.269 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $5.096 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Imports 2023: $5.269 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $5.096 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - partners
China 32%, India 12%, UAE 10%, Turkey 6%, Morocco 5% (2023)
note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Imports - commodities
refined petroleum, palm oil, fertilizers, cars, seed oils (2023)
note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Energy & Resources
Electricity
installed generating capacity: 210,000 kW (2023 est.)
consumption: 584.997 million kWh (2023 est.)
imports: 512 million kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 128.74 million kWh (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023consumption: 584.997 million kWh (2023 est.)
imports: 512 million kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 128.74 million kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources
fossil fuels: 65.3% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
solar: 0.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
wind: 34.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023solar: 0.5% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
wind: 34.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Coal
exports: 8 metric tons (2023 est.)
imports: 19,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023imports: 19,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Petroleum
refined petroleum consumption: 5,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Energy consumption per capita
Total energy consumption per capita 2023: 10.428 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Infrastructure
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 29,000 (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 2 (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 2 (2023 est.)
Health
Maternal mortality ratio
162 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 2.9% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 5.2% of national budget (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022, 2021Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 5.2% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
0.21 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
Reference: 2022Hospital bed density
1.4 beds/1,000 population (2018 est.)
Reference: 2018Obesity - adult prevalence rate
13.5% (2016)
Reference: 2016Education
Rights, Freedoms & Society
Press & Media Freedom
V-Dem expert-coded/modelled source measures. Knelstrom does not create a press-freedom ranking or composite score.
LGBTQ+ Rights & Law
Concrete legal-status fields only; Knelstrom does not generate an LGBTQ rights score or country ranking.
Source: Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory (CC BY-SA 4.0). Community-edited legal-status summary; retrieved by Knelstrom and not legal advice.
Crime & Justice
Legal system
mixed system based primarily on the French civil code (as it existed in 1997), Islamic religious law (in matters of family law and successions), and customary law
Reference: 1997Judicial branch
highest court(s): Supreme Court or Cour Suprême (consists of NA magistrates); Constitutional Council (consists of 6 magistrates)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court magistrates appointed by the president with the advice of the Superior Council of the Magistracy (CSM), a 10-member body consisting of 4 judges, 3 members (non-parliamentarians and judges) appointed by the president, and 3 appointed by the National Assembly president or speaker; magistrates appointed for life with retirement at age 65; Constitutional Council magistrate appointments - 2 by the president of the republic, 2 by the president of the National Assembly, and 2 by the CSM; magistrates appointed for 8-year, non-renewable terms
subordinate courts: High Court of Appeal; Courts of First Instance; customary courts; State Court (replaced sharia courts in 2003)
Reference: 2003judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court magistrates appointed by the president with the advice of the Superior Council of the Magistracy (CSM), a 10-member body consisting of 4 judges, 3 members (non-parliamentarians and judges) appointed by the president, and 3 appointed by the National Assembly president or speaker; magistrates appointed for life with retirement at age 65; Constitutional Council magistrate appointments - 2 by the president of the republic, 2 by the president of the National Assembly, and 2 by the CSM; magistrates appointed for 8-year, non-renewable terms
subordinate courts: High Court of Appeal; Courts of First Instance; customary courts; State Court (replaced sharia courts in 2003)
Military & Security
Military and security forces
Djibouti Armed Forces (Forces Armées Djiboutiennes or FAD): Djiboutian (or National) Army, Djiboutian Navy (includes Djiboutian Coast Guard), Djiboutian Air Force; Djiboutian National Gendarmerie
Ministry of Interior: National Police (Police Nationale) (2025)
note: note 1: the National Gendarmerie is a security force with military status under the FAD and the Ministry of Defense, but also has responsibilities to the Ministry of Interior; the Gendarmerie's duties include providing security outside of Djibouti City and protecting critical infrastructure within the city, such as the international airport
note 2: the National Police is responsible for security within Djibouti City and has primary control over immigration and customs procedures for all land border-crossing points
Ministry of Interior: National Police (Police Nationale) (2025)
note: note 1: the National Gendarmerie is a security force with military status under the FAD and the Ministry of Defense, but also has responsibilities to the Ministry of Interior; the Gendarmerie's duties include providing security outside of Djibouti City and protecting critical infrastructure within the city, such as the international airport
note 2: the National Police is responsible for security within Djibouti City and has primary control over immigration and customs procedures for all land border-crossing points
Military expenditures
Military Expenditures 2019: 3.5% of GDP (2019 est.)
Military Expenditures 2018: 3.5% of GDP (2018 est.)
Military Expenditures 2017: 3.3% of GDP (2017 est.)
Military Expenditures 2016: 2.7% of GDP (2016 est.)
Military Expenditures 2015: 2.5% of GDP (2015 est.)
Reference: 2019, 2018, 2017, 2016Military Expenditures 2018: 3.5% of GDP (2018 est.)
Military Expenditures 2017: 3.3% of GDP (2017 est.)
Military Expenditures 2016: 2.7% of GDP (2016 est.)
Military Expenditures 2015: 2.5% of GDP (2015 est.)
Military and security service personnel strengths
estimated 10-12,000 active Armed Forces, including Gendarmerie (2025)
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
the FAD's inventory is a mix of mostly older or secondhand equipment from a wide variety of suppliers, including China, France, Italy, Japan, Russia/former Soviet Union, South Africa, Turkey, and the US (2024)
Reference: 2024Military service age and obligation
18 years of age for voluntary military service for men and women; 16-25 years of age for voluntary military training; no conscription (2023)
Reference: 2023Military deployments
approximately 1,500 Somalia (AUSSOM) (2025)
Military - note
Djibouti's military forces are largely focused on border, coastal, and internal security duties, such as counterterrorism; as recently as February 2025, Djiboutian forces have conducted operations near its border with Ethiopia against members of the Armed Front for the Restoration of Unity and Democracy (FRUD A), which Djibouti considers a terrorist group
China, France, Italy, Japan, and the US maintain bases in Djibouti for regional military missions, including counterterrorism, counter-piracy, crisis response, and security assistance; other countries, such as Germany and Spain, have smaller military contingents; the EU and NATO also maintain a presence in Djibouti to support multinational naval counter-piracy operations and maritime training efforts (2025)
China, France, Italy, Japan, and the US maintain bases in Djibouti for regional military missions, including counterterrorism, counter-piracy, crisis response, and security assistance; other countries, such as Germany and Spain, have smaller military contingents; the EU and NATO also maintain a presence in Djibouti to support multinational naval counter-piracy operations and maritime training efforts (2025)
International Relations
International law organization participation
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Diplomatic representation in the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Mohamed Siad DOUALEH (28 January 2016)
chancery: 1156 15th Street NW, Suite 515, Washington, DC 20005
telephone: [1] (202) 331-0270
FAX: [1] (202) 331-0302
email address and website: info@djiboutiembassyus.org
https://www.djiboutiembassyus.org/
Reference: 2016chancery: 1156 15th Street NW, Suite 515, Washington, DC 20005
telephone: [1] (202) 331-0270
FAX: [1] (202) 331-0302
email address and website: info@djiboutiembassyus.org
https://www.djiboutiembassyus.org/
Diplomatic representation from the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Cynthia KIERSCHT (since 17 October 2024)
embassy: Lot 350-B Haramouss, B.P. 185
mailing address: 2150 Djibouti Place, Washington DC 20521-2150
telephone: [253] 21-45-30-00
FAX: [253] 21-45-31-29
email address and website: DjiboutiACS@state.gov
https://dj.usembassy.gov/
Reference: 2024embassy: Lot 350-B Haramouss, B.P. 185
mailing address: 2150 Djibouti Place, Washington DC 20521-2150
telephone: [253] 21-45-30-00
FAX: [253] 21-45-31-29
email address and website: DjiboutiACS@state.gov
https://dj.usembassy.gov/
International organization participation
ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, ATMIS, AU, CAEU (candidates), COMESA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MINURSO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Treaties & Organisations
| Organisation | Status | Joined |
|---|---|---|
| African Union (AU) | member | — |
| Arab League (Arab League) | member | 1977-09-04 |
| United Nations (UN) | member | 1977-09-20 |
| World Trade Organization (WTO) | member | — |
International law organization participation
accepts compulsory ICJ jurisdiction with reservations; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
International organization participation
ACP, AfDB, AFESD, AMF, ATMIS, AU, CAEU (candidates), COMESA, FAO, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, IGAD, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, MINURSO, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNHCR, UNIDO, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WFTU (NGOs), WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Conflict & Security
Refugees and internally displaced persons
refugees: 32,636 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Trafficking in persons
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List — Djibouti does not fully meet the minimum standards for the elimination of trafficking but is making significant efforts to do so, therefore Djibouti was upgraded to Tier 2 Watch List; for more details, go to: https://www.state.gov/reports/2025-trafficking-in-persons-report/djibouti/
Terrorist group(s)
al-Shabaab
note: note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide
note: note: details about the history, aims, leadership, organization, areas of operation, tactics, targets, weapons, size, and sources of support of the group(s) appear(s) in the Terrorism reference guide
Transportation & Logistics
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
J2
Airports
10 (2025)
Heliports
6 (2025)
Railways
total: 97 km (2017) (Djibouti segment of the 756 km Addis Ababa-Djibouti railway)
standard gauge: 97 km (2017) 1.435-m gauge
Reference: 2017standard gauge: 97 km (2017) 1.435-m gauge
Merchant marine
total: 40 (2023)
by type: bulk carrier 1, container ship 1, general cargo 4, oil tanker 13, other 21
Reference: 2023by type: bulk carrier 1, container ship 1, general cargo 4, oil tanker 13, other 21
Ports
total ports: 2 (2024)
large: 0
medium: 0
small: 2
very small: 0
ports with oil terminals: 2
key ports: Djibouti, Doraleh
Reference: 2024large: 0
medium: 0
small: 2
very small: 0
ports with oil terminals: 2
key ports: Djibouti, Doraleh
Environment
Environmental issues
inadequate supplies of potable water; water pollution; limited arable land; deforestation (forests threatened by agriculture and the use of wood for fuel); desertification; endangered species
International environmental agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Climate
desert; torrid, dry
Land use
agricultural land: 73.5% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 0.1% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 73.3% (2023 est.)
forest: 0.3% (2023 est.)
other: 26.2% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 0.1% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 0% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 73.3% (2023 est.)
forest: 0.3% (2023 est.)
other: 26.2% (2023 est.)
Urbanization
urban population: 78.6% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 1.56% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Reference: 2023, 2020rate of urbanization: 1.56% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions
total emissions: 685,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from coal and metallurgical coke: 45,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids: 640,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023from coal and metallurgical coke: 45,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids: 640,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Particulate matter emissions
21 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Reference: 2019Waste and recycling
municipal solid waste generated annually: 115,000 tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 14.9% (2022 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2022percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 14.9% (2022 est.)
Total water withdrawal
municipal: 16 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
industrial: 0 cubic meters (2022 est.)
agricultural: 3 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022industrial: 0 cubic meters (2022 est.)
agricultural: 3 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Total renewable water resources
300 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022Communications & Media
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 29,000 (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 2 (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 2 (2023 est.)
Broadcast media
state-owned Radiodiffusion-Télévision de Djibouti operates the sole terrestrial TV station, as well as the 2 domestic radio networks; no private TV or radio stations; transmissions of several international broadcasters are available (2019)
Reference: 2019Internet country code
.dj
Historical Trends
Population
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View Population data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 1,037,653 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | 1,054,841 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | 1,071,882 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | 1,088,709 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | 1,105,188 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | 1,121,248 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | 1,137,096 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | 1,152,944 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 1,168,722 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | 1,184,076 | world_bank_wdi |
GDP (current US$)
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View GDP (current US$) data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | $2,604,955,229 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | $2,762,581,334 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | $2,913,464,658 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | $3,088,851,450 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | $3,144,136,197 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | $3,392,796,953 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | $3,562,814,909 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | $3,898,447,007 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | $4,152,145,940 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | $4,624,533,092 | world_bank_wdi |
International migrant stock (immigrants)
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View International migrant stock (immigrants) data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 119,738 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 125,996 | world_bank_wdi |
International emigrant stock
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View International emigrant stock data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 1,963 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 1995 | 20,005 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2000 | 3,751 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2005 | 2,421 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2010 | 2,577 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2015 | 2,537 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2020 | 2,866 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2024 | 3,576 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
Net migration
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View Net migration data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 1,623 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | 1,535 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | 1,435 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | 1,322 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | 1,300 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | 1,300 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | 500 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | 500 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | -11 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | -581 | world_bank_wdi |
Sources & Methodology
Current statistical observations include their reference period and provenance. Reference fields from approved source datasets are attributed below. Missing information is left unknown rather than inferred.
| Indicator | Value | Period | Source | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 1,184,076 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| UN Population Division population estimate | 1,199,460 | 2026 | UN Population Division Data Portal | Estimated |
| Wikidata population (fallback) | 1,152,944 | 2023 | Wikidata | Reported |
| International migrant stock (immigrants) | 125,996 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| International migrant stock | 10.8% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| International emigrant stock | 3,576 | 2024 | UN DESA International Migrant Stock 2024 | Estimated |
| Net migration | -581 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Refugees from this country | 2,223 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Asylum seekers from this country | 1,419 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Freedom of expression & alternative information index | 0.336 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Government censorship effort — media | -0.990 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Harassment of journalists | -0.769 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Print/broadcast media critical of government | -0.598 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Range of perspectives in major media | -0.478 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Media bias | -0.237 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Media self-censorship | -1.044 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Same-sex sexual activity | Yes Legal (No laws against same-sex sexual activity have ever existed in the country) | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Recognition of same-sex relationships | No | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Same-sex marriage | No | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Same-sex adoption | No | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Sexual-orientation anti-discrimination law | Yes / No Limited protections. | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Gender identity / expression law | No | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| GDP (current US$) | $4,624,533,092 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| GDP per capita (current US$) | $3,906 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| GDP growth | 6.5% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Inflation, consumer prices | -0.3% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Unemployment | 26.0% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Income level | Lower middle income | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Life expectancy at birth | 66.2 years | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Fertility rate | 2.6 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Urban population | 73.0% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Individuals using the Internet | 65.3% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Exports of goods and services | 110.5% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Imports of goods and services | 95.8% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Trade | 206.3% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Government education expenditure | 3.8% | 2018 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Access to electricity | 69.2% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Renewable energy consumption | 26.9% | 2022 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Current health expenditure | 2.3% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Infant mortality rate | 43.0 per 1,000 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Forest area | 0.3% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Mobile cellular subscriptions | 48.5 per 100 | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Fixed broadband subscriptions | 1.5 per 100 | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Secure Internet servers | 115 per million | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Latitude | 11.5806° | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Longitude | 43.1425° | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Latitude (Wikidata) | 11.8000° | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Longitude (Wikidata) | 42.4333° | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Time zone | UTC+03:00, Africa/Djibouti | current | Wikidata | Reported |
Data attribution
Credits below are generated from sources actually used by this country profile. Source-specific terms take precedence.
- CIA World Factbook, final 2025 country profile (structured via factbook.json). Accessed September 20, 2026. U.S. Government public-domain data; retained as a reference source where a newer approved field is not available. Source · Terms/licence
- United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, International Migrant Stock 2024; data access/processing via Our World in Data. Accessed September 20, 2026. Underlying UN dataset used under CC BY 3.0 IGO. Source · Terms/licence
- United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, World Population Prospects (WPP indicator 49) Accessed September 19, 2026. Used under CC BY 3.0 IGO; current-year WPP population values are presented as estimates/projections where applicable. Source · Terms/licence
- Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem), Country-Year Dataset v16 (variables: v2mebias, v2mecenefm, v2mecrit, v2meharjrn, v2merange, v2meslfcen, v2x_freexp_altinf) Accessed September 20, 2026. Used under CC BY-SA 4.0; V-Dem measures are expert-coded/modelled and no V-Dem endorsement is implied. Source · Terms/licence
- Wikidata structured data (CC0). Accessed September 20, 2026. Attribution is provided by Knelstrom for provenance although CC0 does not require it. Source · Terms/licence
- Wikipedia, “LGBTQ rights by country or territory” (source revision/data fields: Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Gender identity / expression law, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Recognition of same-sex relationships, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex adoption, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex marriage, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex sexual activity, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Sexual-orientation anti-discrimination law) Accessed September 20, 2026. Used under CC BY-SA 4.0. Knelstrom changes formatting and presents the imported material as a community-edited legal-status summary, not legal advice or a Knelstrom rights score. Source · Terms/licence
- World Bank, World Development Indicators (series: AG.LND.FRST.ZS, country_metadata, EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS, EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS, FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG, IT.CEL.SETS.P2, IT.NET.BBND.P2, IT.NET.SECR.P6, IT.NET.USER.ZS, NE.EXP.GNFS.ZS, NE.IMP.GNFS.ZS, NE.TRD.GNFS.ZS, NY.GDP.MKTP.CD, NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG, NY.GDP.PCAP.CD, SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS, SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS, SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS, SM.POP.ASYS.EO, SM.POP.NETM, SM.POP.RHCR.EO, SM.POP.TOTL, SM.POP.TOTL.ZS, SP.DYN.IMRT.IN, SP.DYN.LE00.IN, SP.DYN.TFRT.IN, SP.POP.TOTL, SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS) Accessed September 20, 2026. Data used under CC BY 4.0; Knelstrom presentation/formatting may differ from the source. Source · Terms/licence
Knelstrom does not imply endorsement by any listed data provider.
Last automated statistical refresh: 2026-09-20 02:05:13