Knelstrom Intelligence · World Factbook
Comoros
Union of the Comoros
CapitalMoroni
Population882,847
GDP$1.8bn
Area2,034 km²
RegionSub-Saharan Africa
Data sources current · last checked September 20, 2026 2:10 am
Country facts
Overview
Background
For centuries prior to colonization in the 19th century, the Comoros archipelago in the Indian Ocean served as a key node in maritime trade networks that connected the Middle East, India, and eastern African regions. Composed of the islands of Anjouan, Mayotte, Moheli, and Grande Comore, Comoros spent most of the 20th century as a colonial outpost until it declared independence from France on 6 July 1975. Residents of Mayotte, however, voted to remain in France, and the French Government has since classified it as a French Overseas Department.
Since independence, Comoros has weathered approximately 20 successful and attempted coups, mostly between 1975 and 2000, resulting in prolonged political instability and stunted economic development. In 2002, President AZALI Assoumani became the first elected president following the completion of the Fomboni Accords, in which the islands of Grande Comore, Anjouan, and Moheli agreed to rotate the presidency among the islands every five years. This power-sharing agreement also included provisions allowing each island to maintain its local government. In 2007, Mohamed BACAR effected Anjouan's de-facto secession from the Union of the Comoros, refusing to step down when Comoros' other islands held legitimate elections. The African Union (AU) initially attempted to resolve the political crisis with sanctions and a naval blockade of Anjouan, but in 2008, the AU and Comoran soldiers seized the island. The island's inhabitants generally welcomed the move. In 2011, Ikililou DHOININE won the presidency in peaceful elections widely deemed to be free and fair. In closely contested elections in 2016, AZALI won a second term, when the rotating presidency returned to Grande Comore. In 2018, a referendum -- which the opposition parties boycotted -- approved a new constitution that extended presidential term limits and abolished the requirement for the presidency to rotate between the three main islands. AZALI formed a new government later that year, and he subsequently ran and was reelected in 2019. AZALI was reelected again in January 2024 in an election that the opposition disputed but the Supreme Court validated.
Reference: 2024, 2019, 2018, 2016Since independence, Comoros has weathered approximately 20 successful and attempted coups, mostly between 1975 and 2000, resulting in prolonged political instability and stunted economic development. In 2002, President AZALI Assoumani became the first elected president following the completion of the Fomboni Accords, in which the islands of Grande Comore, Anjouan, and Moheli agreed to rotate the presidency among the islands every five years. This power-sharing agreement also included provisions allowing each island to maintain its local government. In 2007, Mohamed BACAR effected Anjouan's de-facto secession from the Union of the Comoros, refusing to step down when Comoros' other islands held legitimate elections. The African Union (AU) initially attempted to resolve the political crisis with sanctions and a naval blockade of Anjouan, but in 2008, the AU and Comoran soldiers seized the island. The island's inhabitants generally welcomed the move. In 2011, Ikililou DHOININE won the presidency in peaceful elections widely deemed to be free and fair. In closely contested elections in 2016, AZALI won a second term, when the rotating presidency returned to Grande Comore. In 2018, a referendum -- which the opposition parties boycotted -- approved a new constitution that extended presidential term limits and abolished the requirement for the presidency to rotate between the three main islands. AZALI formed a new government later that year, and he subsequently ran and was reelected in 2019. AZALI was reelected again in January 2024 in an election that the opposition disputed but the Supreme Court validated.
Geography
Location
Southern Africa, group of islands at the northern mouth of the Mozambique Channel, about two-thirds of the way between northern Madagascar and northern Mozambique
Map references
Africa
Area
total: 2,235 sq km
land: 2,235 sq km
water: 0 sq km
land: 2,235 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative
slightly more than 12 times the size of Washington, D.C.
Land boundaries
total: 0 km
Coastline
340 km
Maritime claims
territorial sea: 12 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
Climate
tropical marine; rainy season (November to May)
Terrain
volcanic islands, interiors vary from steep mountains to low hills
Elevation
highest point: Karthala 2,360 m
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
lowest point: Indian Ocean 0 m
Natural resources
fish
Land use
agricultural land: 71.5% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 34.9% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 28.5% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 8.1% (2023 est.)
forest: 17.8% (2023 est.)
other: 10.7% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 34.9% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 28.5% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 8.1% (2023 est.)
forest: 17.8% (2023 est.)
other: 10.7% (2023 est.)
Irrigated land
1.3 sq km (2012)
Reference: 2012Population distribution
the capital city of Maroni, on the western side of the island of Grande Comore, is the country's largest city; however, Anjouan is the most densely populated of the three islands that comprise Comoros, as shown in this population distribution map
Natural hazards
cyclones possible during rainy season (December to April); volcanic activity on Grand Comore
volcanism: Karthala (2,361 m) on Grand Comore Island last erupted in 2007; a 2005 eruption forced thousands of people to be evacuated and produced a large ash cloud
Reference: 2007, 2005volcanism: Karthala (2,361 m) on Grand Comore Island last erupted in 2007; a 2005 eruption forced thousands of people to be evacuated and produced a large ash cloud
Geography - note
important location at northern end of Mozambique Channel; the only Arab League country that lies entirely in the Southern Hemisphere
Population & Society
Nationality
noun: Comoran(s)
adjective: Comoran
adjective: Comoran
Ethnic groups
Antalote, Cafre, Makoa, Oimatsaha, Sakalava
Languages
Arabic (official), French (official), Shikomoro (official; similar to Swahili), Comorian
Religions
Muslim 98.1% (overwhelmingly Sunni Muslim, small Shia Muslim and Ahmadiyya Muslim populations), ethnic religionist 1.1%, Christian 0.6%, other 0.3% (2020 est.)
note: note: Sunni Islam is the state religion
Reference: 2020note: note: Sunni Islam is the state religion
Age structure
0-14 years: 32.6% (male 146,480/female 146,626)
15-64 years: 62.8% (male 271,139/female 294,231)
65 years and over: 4.6% (2024 est.) (male 18,139/female 23,526)
Reference: 202415-64 years: 62.8% (male 271,139/female 294,231)
65 years and over: 4.6% (2024 est.) (male 18,139/female 23,526)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio: 59.2 (2024 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 51.8 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 7.4 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio: 13.6 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024youth dependency ratio: 51.8 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 7.4 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio: 13.6 (2024 est.)
Median age
total: 22.7 years (2024 est.)
male: 22.1 years
female: 23.3 years
Reference: 2024male: 22.1 years
female: 23.3 years
Population growth rate
1.3% (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Birth rate
21.6 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Death rate
6.4 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Population distribution
the capital city of Maroni, on the western side of the island of Grande Comore, is the country's largest city; however, Anjouan is the most densely populated of the three islands that comprise Comoros, as shown in this population distribution map
Major urban areas - population
62,000 MORONI (capital) (2018)
Reference: 2018Sex ratio
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female
total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Reference: 20240-14 years: 1 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.92 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.77 male(s)/female
total population: 0.94 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Mother's mean age at first birth
23 years (2012 est.)
note: note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49
Reference: 2012note: note: data represents median age at first birth among women 25-49
Maternal mortality ratio
179 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Gross reproduction rate
1.28 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Drinking water source
improved: urban: urban: 97.4% of population
improved: rural: rural: 88.5% of population
improved: total: total: 91% of population
unimproved: urban: urban: 2.6% of population
unimproved: rural: rural: 11.5% of population
unimproved: total: total: 8.9% of population (2017 est.)
Reference: 2017improved: rural: rural: 88.5% of population
improved: total: total: 91% of population
unimproved: urban: urban: 2.6% of population
unimproved: rural: rural: 11.5% of population
unimproved: total: total: 8.9% of population (2017 est.)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 6.3% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 4.7% of national budget (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022, 2021Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 4.7% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
0.42 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
Reference: 2022Obesity - adult prevalence rate
7.8% (2016)
Reference: 2016Alcohol consumption per capita
total: 0.18 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer: 0.04 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 0.07 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 0.07 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Reference: 2019beer: 0.04 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 0.07 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 0.07 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Tobacco use
total: 14.7% (2025 est.)
male: 24.8% (2025 est.)
female: 4.7% (2025 est.)
male: 24.8% (2025 est.)
female: 4.7% (2025 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight
9.1% (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022Currently married women (ages 15-49)
61.2% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Child marriage
women married by age 15: 4.9% (2022)
women married by age 18: 20.7% (2022)
men married by age 18: 6.9% (2022)
Reference: 2022women married by age 18: 20.7% (2022)
men married by age 18: 6.9% (2022)
Migration & Displacement
Immigrant/emigrant stock measures the number of international migrants resident in, or originating from, the country; it is not the same as annual immigration/emigration flows.
Refugees and internally displaced persons
refugees: 18 (2024 est.)
IDPs: 38 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024IDPs: 38 (2024 est.)
Government & Politics
| Office | Holder | Affiliation | From | Status | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Head of government | Azali Assoumani | — | 2016-05-26 | Current | Reported |
| Head of state | Azali Assoumani | — | 2016-00-00 | Current | Reported |
Country name
conventional long form: Union of the Comoros
conventional short form: Comoros
local long form: Udzima wa Komori (Comorian)/Union des Comores (French)/Al Ittihad al Qumuri (Arabic)
local short form: Komori (Comorian)/Les Comores (French)/Juzur al Qamar (Arabic)
former: Comorian State, Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros
etymology: name derives from the Arabic al qamar, meaning "the moon"
conventional short form: Comoros
local long form: Udzima wa Komori (Comorian)/Union des Comores (French)/Al Ittihad al Qumuri (Arabic)
local short form: Komori (Comorian)/Les Comores (French)/Juzur al Qamar (Arabic)
former: Comorian State, Federal Islamic Republic of the Comoros
etymology: name derives from the Arabic al qamar, meaning "the moon"
Capital
name: Moroni
geographic coordinates: 11 42 S, 43 14 E
time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: the name means "at the place of fire," referring to the capital's location below the active volcano Mt. Karthala
geographic coordinates: 11 42 S, 43 14 E
time difference: UTC+3 (8 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: the name means "at the place of fire," referring to the capital's location below the active volcano Mt. Karthala
Administrative divisions
3 islands; Anjouan (Ndzuwani), Grande Comore (N'gazidja), Moheli (Mwali)
Legal system
mixed legal system of Islamic religious law, the French civil code of 1975, and customary law
Reference: 1975Constitution
history: previous 1996, 2001; newest adopted 30 July 2018
amendment process: proposed by the president of the union or supported by at least one third of the Assembly of the Union membership; adoption requires approval by at least three-quarters majority of the total Assembly membership or approval in a referendum
Reference: 2018, 2001, 1996amendment process: proposed by the president of the union or supported by at least one third of the Assembly of the Union membership; adoption requires approval by at least three-quarters majority of the total Assembly membership or approval in a referendum
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Citizenship
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of the Comoros
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of the Comoros
dual citizenship recognized: no
residency requirement for naturalization: 10 years
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch
chief of state: President AZALI Assoumani (since 26 May 2016)
head of government: President AZALI Assoumani (since 26 May 2016)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president
election/appointment process: president directly elected by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term
most recent election date: 14 January 2024
election results: 2024: AZALI Assoumani reelected president in first round - AZALI Assoumani (CRC) 63%, SALIM ISSA Abdallah (PJ) 20.3%, DAOUDOU Abdallah Mohamed (Orange Party) 5.9%, Bourhane HAMIDOU (independent) 5.1%
2019: AZALI Assoumani elected president in first round - AZALI Assoumani (CRC) 60.8%, Ahamada MAHAMOUDOU (PJ) 14.6%, Mouigni Baraka Said SOILIHI (independent) 5.6%, other 19%
expected date of next election: 2029
note: note: the president is both chief of state and head of government
Reference: 2029, 2024, 2019, 2016head of government: President AZALI Assoumani (since 26 May 2016)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president
election/appointment process: president directly elected by absolute majority vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term
most recent election date: 14 January 2024
election results: 2024: AZALI Assoumani reelected president in first round - AZALI Assoumani (CRC) 63%, SALIM ISSA Abdallah (PJ) 20.3%, DAOUDOU Abdallah Mohamed (Orange Party) 5.9%, Bourhane HAMIDOU (independent) 5.1%
2019: AZALI Assoumani elected president in first round - AZALI Assoumani (CRC) 60.8%, Ahamada MAHAMOUDOU (PJ) 14.6%, Mouigni Baraka Said SOILIHI (independent) 5.6%, other 19%
expected date of next election: 2029
note: note: the president is both chief of state and head of government
Legislative branch
legislature name: Assembly of the Union (Assemblée de l'Union)
legislative structure: unicameral
number of seats: 33 (all directly elected)
electoral system: plurality/majority
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 5 years
most recent election date: 1/12/2025 to 2/16/2025
parties elected and seats per party: Convention for the Renewal of the Comoros (CRC) (31); Other (2)
percentage of women in chamber: 18.2%
expected date of next election: January 2030
note: note: opposition parties, which claimed there was "gross fraud" during the most recent election, boycotted the elections in 2020 and 2025
Reference: 2030, 2025, 2020legislative structure: unicameral
number of seats: 33 (all directly elected)
electoral system: plurality/majority
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 5 years
most recent election date: 1/12/2025 to 2/16/2025
parties elected and seats per party: Convention for the Renewal of the Comoros (CRC) (31); Other (2)
percentage of women in chamber: 18.2%
expected date of next election: January 2030
note: note: opposition parties, which claimed there was "gross fraud" during the most recent election, boycotted the elections in 2020 and 2025
Judicial branch
highest court(s): Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of 7 judges)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges - selection and term of office NA
subordinate courts: Court of Appeals (in Moroni); Tribunal de première instance; island village (community) courts; religious courts
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges - selection and term of office NA
subordinate courts: Court of Appeals (in Moroni); Tribunal de première instance; island village (community) courts; religious courts
Political parties
Convention for the Renewal of the Comoros or CRC
Juwa Party (Parti Juwa) or PJ
Orange Party (2020)
Reference: 2020Juwa Party (Parti Juwa) or PJ
Orange Party (2020)
Diplomatic representation in the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Issimail CHANFI (since 23 December 2020); note - also Permanent Representative to the UN
chancery: Permanent Mission to the UN, 866 United Nations Plaza, Suite 495, New York, NY 10017
telephone: [1] (212) 750-1637
FAX: [1] (212) 750-1657
email address and website: comoros@un.int
https://www.un.int/comoros/
Reference: 2020chancery: Permanent Mission to the UN, 866 United Nations Plaza, Suite 495, New York, NY 10017
telephone: [1] (212) 750-1637
FAX: [1] (212) 750-1657
email address and website: comoros@un.int
https://www.un.int/comoros/
Diplomatic representation from the US
embassy: the US does not have an embassy in Comoros; the US Ambassador to Madagascar is accredited to Comoros
International organization participation
ACP, AfDB, AMF, AOSIS, AU, CAEU (candidates), COMESA, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
Independence
6 July 1975 (from France)
Reference: 1975National holiday
Independence Day, 6 July (1975)
Reference: 1975Flag
description: four equal horizontal bands of yellow (top), white, red, and blue, with a green isosceles triangle based on the left; a vertical white crescent moon is centered in the triangle, with four five-pointed white stars placed vertically in a line between the points of the crescent
meaning: the horizontal bands and the stars represent the four main islands of the archipelago -- Mwali, N'gazidja, Ndzuwani, and Mahore (Mayotte is a department of France, but claimed by Comoros)
note: note: the crescent, stars, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam
meaning: the horizontal bands and the stars represent the four main islands of the archipelago -- Mwali, N'gazidja, Ndzuwani, and Mahore (Mayotte is a department of France, but claimed by Comoros)
note: note: the crescent, stars, and color green are traditional symbols of Islam
National symbol(s)
four five-pointed stars and crescent moon
National color(s)
green, white
National coat of arms
the coat of arms is in the national colors of green and white; was adopted in 1978; the crescent and stars represent Islam, with the four stars also symbolizing the archipelago’s four main islands: Grande Comore, Mohéli, Anjouan, and Mayotte (the last of which is a French department claimed by Comoros); above and below the sun’s rays is the name of the nation written in French and Arabic; two olive branches, representing peace, are connected by a banner with the national motto in French, which translates as "Unity, Solidarity, Development"
Reference: 1978National anthem(s)
title: "Udzima wa ya Masiwa" (The Union of the Great Islands)
lyrics/music: Said Hachim SIDI ABDEREMANE/Said Hachim SIDI ABDEREMANE and Kamildine ABDALLAH
history: adopted 1978
Reference: 1978lyrics/music: Said Hachim SIDI ABDEREMANE/Said Hachim SIDI ABDEREMANE and Kamildine ABDALLAH
history: adopted 1978
Government & Official Links
| Institution | Official website | X / Twitter | Verification |
|---|---|---|---|
| Comoros official website | Official website | — | Reported · source Checked September 20, 2026 |
Institutional accounts only; personal accounts of political office-holders are excluded.
Legislature & Elections
Legislature
| Name | Chamber | Seats | Electoral system |
|---|---|---|---|
| Assembly of the Union of the Comoros | — | 33 | — |
Economy
Economic overview
small trade-based island economy; declining remittances; new structural and fiscal reforms; adverse cyclone and COVID-19 impacts; manageable debts; fragile liquidity environment; large foreign direct investment; state-owned enterprises suffering
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024: $3.092 billion (2024 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $2.99 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $2.901 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $2.99 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $2.901 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP per capita
Real GDP per capita 2024: $3,600 (2024 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023: $3,500 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $3,500 (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Real GDP per capita 2023: $3,500 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $3,500 (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
agriculture: 36.6% (2024 est.)
industry: 9.6% (2024 est.)
services: 50.1% (2024 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
Reference: 2024industry: 9.6% (2024 est.)
services: 50.1% (2024 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
GDP - composition, by end use
household consumption: 103.6% (2024 est.)
government consumption: 9.2% (2024 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 11.7% (2024 est.)
investment in inventories: 0% (2024 est.)
exports of goods and services: 9.9% (2024 est.)
imports of goods and services: -34.5% (2024 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Reference: 2024government consumption: 9.2% (2024 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 11.7% (2024 est.)
investment in inventories: 0% (2024 est.)
exports of goods and services: 9.9% (2024 est.)
imports of goods and services: -34.5% (2024 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Agricultural products
bananas, coconuts, cassava, yams, maize, taro, milk, tomatoes, sweet potatoes, pulses (2023)
note: note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Reference: 2023note: note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Industries
fishing, tourism, perfume distillation
Industrial production growth rate
3.8% (2024 est.)
note: note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Reference: 2024note: note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Labor force
276,400 (2024 est.)
note: note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Reference: 2024note: note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
total: 8.9% (2024 est.)
male: 8.3% (2024 est.)
female: 9.6% (2024 est.)
note: note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Reference: 2024male: 8.3% (2024 est.)
female: 9.6% (2024 est.)
note: note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Population below poverty line
44.8% (2020 est.)
note: note: % of population with income below national poverty line
Reference: 2020note: note: % of population with income below national poverty line
Remittances
Remittances 2023: 21.4% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2022: 22% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2021: 22.2% of GDP (2021 est.)
note: note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Reference: 2023, 2022, 2021Remittances 2022: 22% of GDP (2022 est.)
Remittances 2021: 22.2% of GDP (2021 est.)
note: note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Budget
revenues: $212.551 million (2023 est.)
expenditures: $230.338 million (2023 est.)
note: note: central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Reference: 2023expenditures: $230.338 million (2023 est.)
note: note: central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Public debt
Public debt 2016: 27.7% of GDP (2016 est.)
Reference: 2016Current account balance
Current account balance 2023: -$24.621 million (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: -$5.248 million (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2021: -$4.076 million (2021 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Reference: 2023, 2022, 2021Current account balance 2022: -$5.248 million (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2021: -$4.076 million (2021 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
Exports 2023: $148.455 million (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $166.032 million (2022 est.)
Exports 2021: $128.331 million (2021 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2023, 2022, 2021Exports 2022: $166.032 million (2022 est.)
Exports 2021: $128.331 million (2021 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - partners
Indonesia 25%, India 23%, Turkey 16%, UAE 11%, USA 3% (2023)
note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Exports - commodities
cloves, ships, essential oils, vanilla, scrap iron (2023)
note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports
Imports 2023: $504.036 million (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $480.268 million (2022 est.)
Imports 2021: $415.965 million (2021 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2023, 2022, 2021Imports 2022: $480.268 million (2022 est.)
Imports 2021: $415.965 million (2021 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - partners
China 24%, UAE 21%, Tanzania 12%, France 7%, India 6% (2023)
note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Imports - commodities
refined petroleum, poultry, rice, flavored water, additive manufacturing machines (2023)
note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024: $323.946 million (2024 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $324.561 million (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $283.746 million (2022 est.)
note: note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $324.561 million (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $283.746 million (2022 est.)
note: note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Debt - external
Debt - external 2023: $267.652 million (2023 est.)
note: note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
Exchange rates
Currency: Comoran francs (KMF) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2024: 454.524 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 454.991 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 467.184 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 415.956 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020: 430.721 (2020 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Exchange rates 2024: 454.524 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 454.991 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 467.184 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 415.956 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020: 430.721 (2020 est.)
Trade
Current account balance
Current account balance 2023: -$24.621 million (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: -$5.248 million (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2021: -$4.076 million (2021 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Reference: 2023, 2022, 2021Current account balance 2022: -$5.248 million (2022 est.)
Current account balance 2021: -$4.076 million (2021 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
Exports 2023: $148.455 million (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $166.032 million (2022 est.)
Exports 2021: $128.331 million (2021 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2023, 2022, 2021Exports 2022: $166.032 million (2022 est.)
Exports 2021: $128.331 million (2021 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - partners
Indonesia 25%, India 23%, Turkey 16%, UAE 11%, USA 3% (2023)
note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Exports - commodities
cloves, ships, essential oils, vanilla, scrap iron (2023)
note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports
Imports 2023: $504.036 million (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $480.268 million (2022 est.)
Imports 2021: $415.965 million (2021 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2023, 2022, 2021Imports 2022: $480.268 million (2022 est.)
Imports 2021: $415.965 million (2021 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - partners
China 24%, UAE 21%, Tanzania 12%, France 7%, India 6% (2023)
note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Imports - commodities
refined petroleum, poultry, rice, flavored water, additive manufacturing machines (2023)
note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Energy & Resources
Electricity
installed generating capacity: 32,000 kW (2023 est.)
consumption: 113.052 million kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 22.1 million kWh (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023consumption: 113.052 million kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 22.1 million kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources
fossil fuels: 100% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Coal
imports: 2,000 metric tons (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Petroleum
refined petroleum consumption: 3,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Energy consumption per capita
Total energy consumption per capita 2023: 7.139 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Infrastructure
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 9,000 (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2023 est.) less than 1
Reference: 2023subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2023 est.) less than 1
Health
Maternal mortality ratio
179 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 6.3% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 4.7% of national budget (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022, 2021Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 4.7% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
0.42 physicians/1,000 population (2022)
Reference: 2022Obesity - adult prevalence rate
7.8% (2016)
Reference: 2016Tobacco use
total: 14.7% (2025 est.)
male: 24.8% (2025 est.)
female: 4.7% (2025 est.)
male: 24.8% (2025 est.)
female: 4.7% (2025 est.)
Education
Rights, Freedoms & Society
Press & Media Freedom
V-Dem expert-coded/modelled source measures. Knelstrom does not create a press-freedom ranking or composite score.
LGBTQ+ Rights & Law
Concrete legal-status fields only; Knelstrom does not generate an LGBTQ rights score or country ranking.
Source: Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory (CC BY-SA 4.0). Community-edited legal-status summary; retrieved by Knelstrom and not legal advice.
Crime & Justice
Legal system
mixed legal system of Islamic religious law, the French civil code of 1975, and customary law
Reference: 1975Judicial branch
highest court(s): Supreme Court or Cour Supreme (consists of 7 judges)
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges - selection and term of office NA
subordinate courts: Court of Appeals (in Moroni); Tribunal de première instance; island village (community) courts; religious courts
judge selection and term of office: Supreme Court judges - selection and term of office NA
subordinate courts: Court of Appeals (in Moroni); Tribunal de première instance; island village (community) courts; religious courts
Military & Security
Military and security forces
National Army for Development (l'Armee Nationale de Developpement, AND): Comoran Defense Force (Force Comorienne de Defense or FCD; includes Comoran National Gendarmerie); Ministry of Interior: Coast Guard, Federal Police, National Directorate of Territorial Safety (customs and immigration) (2024)
note: note 1: when the Gendarmerie serves as the judicial police, it reports to the Minister of Justice; the Gendarmerie also has an intervention platoon that may act under the authority of the Interior Minister
note 2: the FCD is also known as the Comoran Security Force
Reference: 2024note: note 1: when the Gendarmerie serves as the judicial police, it reports to the Minister of Justice; the Gendarmerie also has an intervention platoon that may act under the authority of the Interior Minister
note 2: the FCD is also known as the Comoran Security Force
Military and security service personnel strengths
estimated 600 Defense Force; estimated 500 Federal Police (2023)
Reference: 2023Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
the AND is lightly armed and equipped with small arms and a few light aircraft (2023)
Reference: 2023Military service age and obligation
18-25 years of age for 2-year voluntary military service for men and women; no conscription (2021)
Reference: 2021Military - note
the focus for the security forces is search and rescue operations and maintaining internal security; a defense treaty with France provides naval resources for the protection of territorial waters, training of Comoran military personnel, and air surveillance; France maintains a small maritime base and a Foreign Legion contingent on neighboring Mayotte (2024)
Reference: 2024International Relations
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Diplomatic representation in the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Issimail CHANFI (since 23 December 2020); note - also Permanent Representative to the UN
chancery: Permanent Mission to the UN, 866 United Nations Plaza, Suite 495, New York, NY 10017
telephone: [1] (212) 750-1637
FAX: [1] (212) 750-1657
email address and website: comoros@un.int
https://www.un.int/comoros/
Reference: 2020chancery: Permanent Mission to the UN, 866 United Nations Plaza, Suite 495, New York, NY 10017
telephone: [1] (212) 750-1637
FAX: [1] (212) 750-1657
email address and website: comoros@un.int
https://www.un.int/comoros/
Diplomatic representation from the US
embassy: the US does not have an embassy in Comoros; the US Ambassador to Madagascar is accredited to Comoros
International organization participation
ACP, AfDB, AMF, AOSIS, AU, CAEU (candidates), COMESA, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
Treaties & Organisations
| Organisation | Status | Joined |
|---|---|---|
| African Union (AU) | member | — |
| Arab League (Arab League) | member | 1993-11-20 |
| United Nations (UN) | member | 1975-11-12 |
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
International organization participation
ACP, AfDB, AMF, AOSIS, AU, CAEU (candidates), COMESA, FAO, FZ, G-77, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt, ICRM, IDA, IDB, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, IMSO, InOC, Interpol, IOC, IOM, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), LAS, MIGA, NAM, OIC, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO (observer)
Conflict & Security
Refugees and internally displaced persons
refugees: 18 (2024 est.)
IDPs: 38 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024IDPs: 38 (2024 est.)
Transportation & Logistics
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
D6
Airports
3 (2025)
Merchant marine
total: 273 (2023)
by type: bulk carrier 17, container ship 7, general cargo 125, oil tanker 36, other 88
Reference: 2023by type: bulk carrier 17, container ship 7, general cargo 125, oil tanker 36, other 88
Ports
total ports: 4 (2024)
large: 0
medium: 0
small: 0
very small: 4
ports with oil terminals: 3
key ports: Dzaoudzi, Fomboni, Moroni, Moutsamoudu
Reference: 2024large: 0
medium: 0
small: 0
very small: 4
ports with oil terminals: 3
key ports: Dzaoudzi, Fomboni, Moroni, Moutsamoudu
Environment
Environmental issues
deforestation; soil degradation and erosion from forest loss and crop cultivation on slopes without proper terracing; silting of coral reefs
International environmental agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Climate
tropical marine; rainy season (November to May)
Land use
agricultural land: 71.5% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 34.9% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 28.5% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 8.1% (2023 est.)
forest: 17.8% (2023 est.)
other: 10.7% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 34.9% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 28.5% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 8.1% (2023 est.)
forest: 17.8% (2023 est.)
other: 10.7% (2023 est.)
Urbanization
urban population: 30.1% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 2.97% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Reference: 2023, 2020rate of urbanization: 2.97% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions
total emissions: 436,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids: 436,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023from petroleum and other liquids: 436,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Particulate matter emissions
14.5 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Reference: 2019Waste and recycling
municipal solid waste generated annually: 91,000 tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 10.1% (2022 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2022percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 10.1% (2022 est.)
Total water withdrawal
municipal: 4.8 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
industrial: 500,000 cubic meters (2022 est.)
agricultural: 4.7 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022industrial: 500,000 cubic meters (2022 est.)
agricultural: 4.7 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Total renewable water resources
1.2 billion cubic meters (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022Communications & Media
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 9,000 (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2023 est.) less than 1
Reference: 2023subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 1 (2023 est.) less than 1
Broadcast media
national state-owned TV station and a TV station run by Anjouan regional government; national state-owned radio; regional governments on the islands of Grande Comore and Anjouan each operate a radio station; a few independent and small community radio stations operate on the islands of Grande Comore and Moheli, and these two islands have access to Mayotte Radio and French TV
Internet country code
.km
Historical Trends
Population
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View Population data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 741,741 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | 756,669 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | 771,590 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | 786,578 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | 802,163 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | 818,174 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | 834,188 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | 850,387 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 866,628 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | 882,847 | world_bank_wdi |
GDP (current US$)
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View GDP (current US$) data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | $1,012,835,493 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | $1,077,439,757 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | $1,188,797,449 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | $1,195,019,532 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | $1,225,039,197 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | $1,299,039,312 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | $1,279,542,249 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | $1,465,977,684 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | $1,610,082,688 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | $1,814,920,856 | world_bank_wdi |
International migrant stock (immigrants)
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View International migrant stock (immigrants) data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 12,496 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 12,449 | world_bank_wdi |
International emigrant stock
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View International emigrant stock data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 32,522 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 1995 | 48,072 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2000 | 73,404 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2005 | 97,008 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2010 | 111,510 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2015 | 188,715 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2020 | 260,848 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2024 | 367,574 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
Net migration
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View Net migration data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | -2,938 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | -2,920 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | -2,917 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | -2,916 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | -1,766 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | -1,766 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | -2,002 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | -2,002 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | -2,051 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | -2,127 | world_bank_wdi |
Sources & Methodology
Current statistical observations include their reference period and provenance. Reference fields from approved source datasets are attributed below. Missing information is left unknown rather than inferred.
| Indicator | Value | Period | Source | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 882,847 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| UN Population Division population estimate | 899,010 | 2026 | UN Population Division Data Portal | Estimated |
| Wikidata population (fallback) | 902,348 | 2022 | Wikidata | Reported |
| International migrant stock (immigrants) | 12,449 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| International migrant stock | 1.4% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| International emigrant stock | 367,574 | 2024 | UN DESA International Migrant Stock 2024 | Estimated |
| Net migration | -2,127 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Refugees from this country | 2,338 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Asylum seekers from this country | 401 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Freedom of expression & alternative information index | 0.498 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Government censorship effort — media | -0.156 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Harassment of journalists | 0.960 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Print/broadcast media critical of government | 0.200 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Range of perspectives in major media | -0.158 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Media bias | 0.393 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Media self-censorship | -0.406 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Same-sex sexual activity | No Illegal since 31 October 1982; Penalty: 5 years imprisonment and fines. (not enforced) | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Recognition of same-sex relationships | No | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Same-sex marriage | No | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Same-sex adoption | No | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Open military service | No | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Sexual-orientation anti-discrimination law | Yes / No Limited protections. | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Gender identity / expression law | No | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| GDP (current US$) | $1,814,920,856 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| GDP per capita (current US$) | $2,056 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| GDP growth | 3.8% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Inflation, consumer prices | 3.2% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Unemployment | 3.8% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Income level | Lower middle income | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Life expectancy at birth | 67.0 years | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Fertility rate | 3.8 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Urban population | 33.9% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Individuals using the Internet | 32.5% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Exports of goods and services | 9.3% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Imports of goods and services | 31.6% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Trade | 40.9% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Adult literacy rate | 75.6% | 2021 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Secondary school enrolment, gross | 54.8% | 2022 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Government education expenditure | 2.3% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Access to electricity | 91.7% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Renewable energy consumption | 39.3% | 2022 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Current health expenditure | 6.6% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Infant mortality rate | 35.0 per 1,000 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Forest area | 17.0% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Mobile cellular subscriptions | 109.9 per 100 | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Fixed broadband subscriptions | 0.4 per 100 | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Secure Internet servers | 16 per million | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Latitude | -11.6986° | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Longitude | 43.2418° | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Latitude (Wikidata) | -12.3000° | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Longitude (Wikidata) | 43.7000° | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Time zone | UTC+03:00, Indian/Comoro | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Form of government | federal republic | current | Wikidata | Reported |
Data attribution
Credits below are generated from sources actually used by this country profile. Source-specific terms take precedence.
- CIA World Factbook, final 2025 country profile (structured via factbook.json). Accessed September 20, 2026. U.S. Government public-domain data; retained as a reference source where a newer approved field is not available. Source · Terms/licence
- United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, International Migrant Stock 2024; data access/processing via Our World in Data. Accessed September 20, 2026. Underlying UN dataset used under CC BY 3.0 IGO. Source · Terms/licence
- United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, World Population Prospects (WPP indicator 49) Accessed September 19, 2026. Used under CC BY 3.0 IGO; current-year WPP population values are presented as estimates/projections where applicable. Source · Terms/licence
- Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem), Country-Year Dataset v16 (variables: v2mebias, v2mecenefm, v2mecrit, v2meharjrn, v2merange, v2meslfcen, v2x_freexp_altinf) Accessed September 20, 2026. Used under CC BY-SA 4.0; V-Dem measures are expert-coded/modelled and no V-Dem endorsement is implied. Source · Terms/licence
- Wikidata structured data (CC0). Accessed September 20, 2026. Attribution is provided by Knelstrom for provenance although CC0 does not require it. Source · Terms/licence
- Wikipedia, “LGBTQ rights by country or territory” (source revision/data fields: Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Gender identity / expression law, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Open military service, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Recognition of same-sex relationships, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex adoption, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex marriage, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex sexual activity, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Sexual-orientation anti-discrimination law) Accessed September 20, 2026. Used under CC BY-SA 4.0. Knelstrom changes formatting and presents the imported material as a community-edited legal-status summary, not legal advice or a Knelstrom rights score. Source · Terms/licence
- World Bank, World Development Indicators (series: AG.LND.FRST.ZS, country_metadata, EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS, EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS, FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG, IT.CEL.SETS.P2, IT.NET.BBND.P2, IT.NET.SECR.P6, IT.NET.USER.ZS, NE.EXP.GNFS.ZS, NE.IMP.GNFS.ZS, NE.TRD.GNFS.ZS, NY.GDP.MKTP.CD, NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG, NY.GDP.PCAP.CD, SE.ADT.LITR.ZS, SE.SEC.ENRR, SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS, SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS, SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS, SM.POP.ASYS.EO, SM.POP.NETM, SM.POP.RHCR.EO, SM.POP.TOTL, SM.POP.TOTL.ZS, SP.DYN.IMRT.IN, SP.DYN.LE00.IN, SP.DYN.TFRT.IN, SP.POP.TOTL, SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS) Accessed September 20, 2026. Data used under CC BY 4.0; Knelstrom presentation/formatting may differ from the source. Source · Terms/licence
Knelstrom does not imply endorsement by any listed data provider.
Last automated statistical refresh: 2026-09-20 02:05:13