Knelstrom Intelligence · World Factbook
Cabo Verde
República de Cabo Verde
CapitalPraia
Population527,326
GDP$3.1bn
Area4,033 km²
RegionSub-Saharan Africa
Data sources current · last checked September 20, 2026 2:10 am
Country facts
Overview
Background
The Portuguese discovered and colonized the uninhabited islands of Cabo Verde in the 15th century; Cabo Verde subsequently became a trading center for African slaves and later an important coaling and resupply stop for whaling and transatlantic shipping. The fusing of European and various African cultural traditions is reflected in Cabo Verde’s Crioulo language, music, and pano textiles. After gaining independence in 1975, a one-party system was established and maintained until multi-party elections were held in 1990. Cabo Verde continues to sustain one of Africa's most stable democratic governments and relatively stable economies, maintaining a currency pegged first to the Portuguese escudo and then to the euro since 1998. Repeated droughts during the second half of the 20th century caused significant hardship and prompted heavy emigration. As a result, Cabo Verde's expatriate population -- concentrated in Boston, Massachusetts and Western Europe -- is greater than its domestic one.
Most Cabo Verdeans have both African and Portuguese antecedents. Cabo Verde’s population descends from its first permanent inhabitants in the late 15th-century -- a preponderance of West African slaves, a small share of Portuguese colonists, and even fewer Italians and Spaniards. Among the nine inhabited islands, population distribution is varied. The islands in the east are very dry and are home to the country's growing tourism industry. The more western islands receive more precipitation and support larger populations, but agriculture and livestock grazing have damaged their soil fertility and vegetation. For centuries, the country’s overall population size has fluctuated significantly, as recurring periods of famine and epidemics have caused high death tolls and emigration.
Reference: 1998, 1990, 1975Most Cabo Verdeans have both African and Portuguese antecedents. Cabo Verde’s population descends from its first permanent inhabitants in the late 15th-century -- a preponderance of West African slaves, a small share of Portuguese colonists, and even fewer Italians and Spaniards. Among the nine inhabited islands, population distribution is varied. The islands in the east are very dry and are home to the country's growing tourism industry. The more western islands receive more precipitation and support larger populations, but agriculture and livestock grazing have damaged their soil fertility and vegetation. For centuries, the country’s overall population size has fluctuated significantly, as recurring periods of famine and epidemics have caused high death tolls and emigration.
Geography
Location
Western Africa, group of islands in the North Atlantic Ocean, west of Senegal
Map references
Africa
Area
total: 4,033 sq km
land: 4,033 sq km
water: 0 sq km
land: 4,033 sq km
water: 0 sq km
Area - comparative
slightly larger than Rhode Island
Land boundaries
total: 0 km
Coastline
965 km
Maritime claims
territorial sea: 12 nm
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
note: note: measured from claimed archipelagic baselines
contiguous zone: 24 nm
exclusive economic zone: 200 nm
note: note: measured from claimed archipelagic baselines
Climate
temperate; warm, dry summer; precipitation meager and erratic
Terrain
steep, rugged, rocky, volcanic
Elevation
highest point: Mt. Fogo (a volcano on Fogo Island) 2,829 m
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
lowest point: Atlantic Ocean 0 m
Natural resources
salt, basalt rock, limestone, kaolin, fish, clay, gypsum
Land use
agricultural land: 19.6% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 12.4% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 1% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 6.2% (2023 est.)
forest: 12.4% (2023 est.)
other: 68% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 12.4% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 1% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 6.2% (2023 est.)
forest: 12.4% (2023 est.)
other: 68% (2023 est.)
Irrigated land
35 sq km (2012)
Reference: 2012Population distribution
among the nine inhabited islands, population distribution is variable; islands in the east are very dry and are only sparsely settled; the more southerly islands receive more precipitation and support larger populations; approximately half of the population lives on Sao Tiago Island, which is the location of the capital of Praia; Mindelo, on the northern island of Sao Vicente, also has a large urban population, as shown in this population distribution map
Natural hazards
prolonged droughts; seasonal harmattan wind produces obscuring dust; volcanically and seismically active
volcanism: Fogo (2,829 m), which last erupted in 1995, is Cabo Verde's only active volcano
Reference: 1995volcanism: Fogo (2,829 m), which last erupted in 1995, is Cabo Verde's only active volcano
Geography - note
strategic location 500 km from west coast of Africa near major north-south sea routes; one of four North Atlantic archipelagos that make up Macaronesia; the others are Azores (Portugal), Canary Islands (Spain), and Madeira (Portugal)
Population & Society
Nationality
noun: Cabo Verdean(s)
adjective: Cabo Verdean
adjective: Cabo Verdean
Ethnic groups
Creole (Mulatto) 71%, African 28%, European 1%
Languages
Portuguese (official), Crioulo (a Portuguese-based creole language with two main dialects)
Religions
Roman Catholic 72.5%, Protestant 4% (includes Adventist 1.9%, Nazarene 1.8%, Assembly of God 0.2%, God is Love 0.1%), Christian Rationalism 1.7%, Muslim 1.3%, Jehovah's Witness 1.2%, Church of Jesus Christ 1%, other Christian 1.3%, other 1.2%, none 15.6%, no response 0.4% (2021 est.)
Reference: 2021Age structure
0-14 years: 26.4% (male 80,973/female 80,129)
15-64 years: 67.2% (male 201,084/female 209,676)
65 years and over: 6.4% (2024 est.) (male 15,049/female 24,103)
Reference: 202415-64 years: 67.2% (male 201,084/female 209,676)
65 years and over: 6.4% (2024 est.) (male 15,049/female 24,103)
Dependency ratios
total dependency ratio: 48.8 (2024 est.)
youth dependency ratio: 39.2 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 9.5 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio: 10.5 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024youth dependency ratio: 39.2 (2024 est.)
elderly dependency ratio: 9.5 (2024 est.)
potential support ratio: 10.5 (2024 est.)
Median age
total: 28.8 years (2024 est.)
male: 27.9 years
female: 29.6 years
Reference: 2024male: 27.9 years
female: 29.6 years
Population growth rate
1.16% (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Birth rate
17.9 births/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Death rate
5.7 deaths/1,000 population (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Population distribution
among the nine inhabited islands, population distribution is variable; islands in the east are very dry and are only sparsely settled; the more southerly islands receive more precipitation and support larger populations; approximately half of the population lives on Sao Tiago Island, which is the location of the capital of Praia; Mindelo, on the northern island of Sao Vicente, also has a large urban population, as shown in this population distribution map
Major urban areas - population
168,000 PRAIA (capital) (2018)
Reference: 2018Sex ratio
at birth: 1.03 male(s)/female
0-14 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.62 male(s)/female
total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Reference: 20240-14 years: 1.01 male(s)/female
15-64 years: 0.96 male(s)/female
65 years and over: 0.62 male(s)/female
total population: 0.95 male(s)/female (2024 est.)
Maternal mortality ratio
40 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Gross reproduction rate
1.03 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Drinking water source
improved: urban: urban: 93.2% of population (2022 est.)
improved: rural: rural: 82.9% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 89.9% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 6.8% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 17.1% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 10.1% of population (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022improved: rural: rural: 82.9% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 89.9% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 6.8% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 17.1% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 10.1% of population (2022 est.)
Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 6.9% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 16.1% of national budget (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022, 2021Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 16.1% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
0.73 physicians/1,000 population (2023)
Reference: 2023Hospital bed density
2 beds/1,000 population (2018 est.)
Reference: 2018Sanitation facility access
improved: urban: urban: 95.6% of population (2022 est.)
improved: rural: rural: 77.8% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 89.8% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 4.4% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 22.2% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 10.2% of population (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022improved: rural: rural: 77.8% of population (2022 est.)
improved: total: total: 89.8% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: urban: urban: 4.4% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: rural: rural: 22.2% of population (2022 est.)
unimproved: total: total: 10.2% of population (2022 est.)
Obesity - adult prevalence rate
11.8% (2016)
Reference: 2016Alcohol consumption per capita
total: 4.7 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
beer: 2.28 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 1.82 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 0.6 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Reference: 2019beer: 2.28 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
wine: 1.82 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
spirits: 0.6 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
other alcohols: 0 liters of pure alcohol (2019 est.)
Tobacco use
total: 9.8% (2025 est.)
male: 15.3% (2025 est.)
female: 4.5% (2025 est.)
male: 15.3% (2025 est.)
female: 4.5% (2025 est.)
Children under the age of 5 years underweight
2.2% (2018 est.)
Reference: 2018Currently married women (ages 15-49)
46.9% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Child marriage
women married by age 15: 1.8% (2018)
women married by age 18: 8.4% (2018)
men married by age 18: 1.5% (2018)
Reference: 2018women married by age 18: 8.4% (2018)
men married by age 18: 1.5% (2018)
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 13 years (2018 est.)
male: 13 years (2018 est.)
female: 14 years (2018 est.)
Reference: 2018male: 13 years (2018 est.)
female: 14 years (2018 est.)
Migration & Displacement
Immigrant/emigrant stock measures the number of international migrants resident in, or originating from, the country; it is not the same as annual immigration/emigration flows.
Refugees and internally displaced persons
stateless persons: 115 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Government & Politics
| Office | Holder | Affiliation | From | Status | Evidence |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Head of government | Francisco Carvalho | — | 2026-06-19 | Current | Reported |
| Head of state | José Maria Neves | — | 2021-11-09 | Current | Reported |
Country name
conventional long form: Republic of Cabo Verde
conventional short form: Cabo Verde
local long form: Republica de Cabo Verde
local short form: Cabo Verde
etymology: the name derives from the Cape Verde (Green Cape) peninsula on the Senegalese coast, the westernmost point of Africa and the nearest mainland to the islands
conventional short form: Cabo Verde
local long form: Republica de Cabo Verde
local short form: Cabo Verde
etymology: the name derives from the Cape Verde (Green Cape) peninsula on the Senegalese coast, the westernmost point of Africa and the nearest mainland to the islands
Capital
name: Praia
geographic coordinates: 14 55 N, 23 31 W
time difference: UTC-1 (4 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: the earlier Portuguese name was Villa de Praia ("Village of the Beach"); it was shortened to Praia in 1974
Reference: 1974geographic coordinates: 14 55 N, 23 31 W
time difference: UTC-1 (4 hours ahead of Washington, DC, during Standard Time)
etymology: the earlier Portuguese name was Villa de Praia ("Village of the Beach"); it was shortened to Praia in 1974
Administrative divisions
22 municipalities (concelhos, singular - concelho); Boa Vista, Brava, Maio, Mosteiros, Paul, Porto Novo, Praia, Ribeira Brava, Ribeira Grande, Ribeira Grande de Santiago, Sal, Santa Catarina, Santa Catarina do Fogo, Santa Cruz, São Domingos, São Filipe, São Lourenco dos Orgaos, São Miguel, São Salvador do Mundo, São Vicente, Tarrafal, Tarrafal de São Nicolau
Legal system
civil law system of Portugal
Constitution
history: previous 1981; latest effective 25 September 1992
amendment process: proposals require support of at least four fifths of the active National Assembly membership; amendment drafts require sponsorship of at least one third of the active Assembly membership; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly membership; constitutional sections, including those on national independence, form of government, political pluralism, suffrage, and human rights and liberties, cannot be amended
Reference: 1992, 1981amendment process: proposals require support of at least four fifths of the active National Assembly membership; amendment drafts require sponsorship of at least one third of the active Assembly membership; passage requires at least two-thirds majority vote by the Assembly membership; constitutional sections, including those on national independence, form of government, political pluralism, suffrage, and human rights and liberties, cannot be amended
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Citizenship
citizenship by birth: no
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Cabo Verde
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
citizenship by descent only: at least one parent must be a citizen of Cabo Verde
dual citizenship recognized: yes
residency requirement for naturalization: 5 years
Suffrage
18 years of age; universal
Executive branch
chief of state: President Jose Maria Pereira NEVES (since 9 November 2021)
head of government: Prime Minister Jose Ulisses CORREIA e SILVA (since 22 April 2016)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
election/appointment process: president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister nominated by the National Assembly and appointed by the president
most recent election date: 17 October 2021
election results: 2020: Jose Maria Pereira NEVES elected president; percent of vote - Jose Maria Pereira NEVES (PAICV) 51.7%, Carlos VEIGA (MPD) 42.4%, Casimiro DE PINA (independent) 1.8%, Fernando Rocha DELGADO (independent) 1.4%, Helio SANCHES (independent) 1.14%, Gilson ALVES (independent) 0.8%, Joaquim MONTEIRO (independent) 3.4%
2016: Jorge Carlos FONSECA reelected president; percent of vote - Jorge Carlos FONSECA (MPD) 74.1%, Albertino GRACA (independent) 22.5%, other 3.4%
expected date of next election: October 2026
Reference: 2026, 2021, 2020, 2016head of government: Prime Minister Jose Ulisses CORREIA e SILVA (since 22 April 2016)
cabinet: Council of Ministers appointed by the president on the recommendation of the prime minister
election/appointment process: president directly elected by absolute-majority popular vote in 2 rounds, if needed, for a 5-year term (eligible for a second term); prime minister nominated by the National Assembly and appointed by the president
most recent election date: 17 October 2021
election results: 2020: Jose Maria Pereira NEVES elected president; percent of vote - Jose Maria Pereira NEVES (PAICV) 51.7%, Carlos VEIGA (MPD) 42.4%, Casimiro DE PINA (independent) 1.8%, Fernando Rocha DELGADO (independent) 1.4%, Helio SANCHES (independent) 1.14%, Gilson ALVES (independent) 0.8%, Joaquim MONTEIRO (independent) 3.4%
2016: Jorge Carlos FONSECA reelected president; percent of vote - Jorge Carlos FONSECA (MPD) 74.1%, Albertino GRACA (independent) 22.5%, other 3.4%
expected date of next election: October 2026
Legislative branch
legislature name: National Assembly (Assembleia Nacional)
legislative structure: unicameral
number of seats: 72 (all directly elected)
electoral system: proportional representation
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 5 years
most recent election date: 4/18/2021
parties elected and seats per party: Movement for Democracy (MpD) (38); African Party for the Independence of Cabo Verde (PAICV) (30); Union for an Independent Democratic Cape Verde (UCID) (4)
percentage of women in chamber: 44.4%
expected date of next election: April 2026
Reference: 2026, 2021legislative structure: unicameral
number of seats: 72 (all directly elected)
electoral system: proportional representation
scope of elections: full renewal
term in office: 5 years
most recent election date: 4/18/2021
parties elected and seats per party: Movement for Democracy (MpD) (38); African Party for the Independence of Cabo Verde (PAICV) (30); Union for an Independent Democratic Cape Verde (UCID) (4)
percentage of women in chamber: 44.4%
expected date of next election: April 2026
Judicial branch
highest court(s): Supreme Court of Justice (consists of the chief justice and at least 7 judges and organized into civil, criminal, and administrative sections)
judge selection and term of office: judge appointments - 1 by the president of the republic, 1 elected by the National Assembly, and 3 by the Superior Judicial Council (SJC), a 16-member independent body chaired by the chief justice and includes the attorney general, 8 private citizens, 2 judges, 2 prosecutors, the senior legal inspector of the Attorney General's office, and a representative of the Ministry of Justice; chief justice appointed by the president of the republic from among peers of the Supreme Court of Justice and in consultation with the SJC; judges appointed for life
subordinate courts: appeals courts, first instance (municipal) courts; audit, military, and fiscal and customs courts
judge selection and term of office: judge appointments - 1 by the president of the republic, 1 elected by the National Assembly, and 3 by the Superior Judicial Council (SJC), a 16-member independent body chaired by the chief justice and includes the attorney general, 8 private citizens, 2 judges, 2 prosecutors, the senior legal inspector of the Attorney General's office, and a representative of the Ministry of Justice; chief justice appointed by the president of the republic from among peers of the Supreme Court of Justice and in consultation with the SJC; judges appointed for life
subordinate courts: appeals courts, first instance (municipal) courts; audit, military, and fiscal and customs courts
Political parties
African Party for Independence of Cabo Verde or PAICV
Democratic and Independent Cabo Verdean Union or UCID
Democratic Christian Party or PDC
Democratic Renewal Party or PRD
Movement for Democracy or MPD
Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD
Party of Work and Solidarity or PTS
Social Democratic Party or PSD
Democratic and Independent Cabo Verdean Union or UCID
Democratic Christian Party or PDC
Democratic Renewal Party or PRD
Movement for Democracy or MPD
Party for Democratic Convergence or PCD
Party of Work and Solidarity or PTS
Social Democratic Party or PSD
Diplomatic representation in the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Jose Luis do Livramento MONTEIRO ALVES DE BRITO (since 23 December 2020)
chancery: 3415 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007
telephone: [1] (202) 965-6820
FAX: [1] (202) 965-1207
email address and website: embassy.wdc@mnec.gov.cv
https://www.embcv-usa.gov.cv/
consulate(s) general: Boston
Reference: 2020chancery: 3415 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007
telephone: [1] (202) 965-6820
FAX: [1] (202) 965-1207
email address and website: embassy.wdc@mnec.gov.cv
https://www.embcv-usa.gov.cv/
consulate(s) general: Boston
Diplomatic representation from the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Jennifer ADAMS (since 10 September 2024)
embassy: Rua Abilio Macedo 6, Praia
mailing address: 2460 Praia Place, Washington DC 20521-2460
telephone: [238] 260-8900
FAX: [238] 261-1355
email address and website: PraiaConsular@state.gov
https://cv.usembassy.gov/
Reference: 2024embassy: Rua Abilio Macedo 6, Praia
mailing address: 2460 Praia Place, Washington DC 20521-2460
telephone: [238] 260-8900
FAX: [238] 261-1355
email address and website: PraiaConsular@state.gov
https://cv.usembassy.gov/
International organization participation
ACP, AfDB, AOSIS, AU, CD, CPLP, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Independence
5 July 1975 (from Portugal)
Reference: 1975National holiday
Independence Day, 5 July (1975)
Reference: 1975Flag
description: five unequal horizontal bands; the top band of blue is half the height of the flag; under it are three narrow bands of white, red, and white, and a bottom stripe of blue; a circle of 10 five-pointed yellow stars is centered on the red stripe and sits toward the left side of the flag
meaning: blue stands for the sea and sky; the stripes symbolize the country's formation through peace (white) and effort (red); the stars represent the 10 major islands
meaning: blue stands for the sea and sky; the stripes symbolize the country's formation through peace (white) and effort (red); the stars represent the 10 major islands
National symbol(s)
ten five-pointed yellow stars
National color(s)
blue, white, red, yellow
National coat of arms
adopted in 1992, the coat of arms features the national symbol of ten stars that represent the country’s islands; the stylized torch and triangle at the center of the circle symbolize freedom and national unity, and the three blue lines represent the ocean and sky; the name of the country is written in Portuguese, the official language; the plumbob at the top of the circle -- used in construction to make accurate vertical lines -- represents justice, righteousness, and truth; the chain links symbolize a commitment to the people and their well-being
Reference: 1992National anthem(s)
title: "Cantico da Liberdade" (Song of Freedom)
lyrics/music: Amilcar Spencer LOPES/Adalberto Higino Tavares SILVA
history: adopted 1996
Reference: 1996lyrics/music: Amilcar Spencer LOPES/Adalberto Higino Tavares SILVA
history: adopted 1996
National heritage
total World Heritage Sites: 1 (cultural)
selected World Heritage Site locales: Cidade Velha; Historic Center of Ribeira Grande
selected World Heritage Site locales: Cidade Velha; Historic Center of Ribeira Grande
Government & Official Links
| Institution | Official website | X / Twitter | Verification |
|---|---|---|---|
| Cabo Verde official website | Official website | — | Reported · source Checked September 20, 2026 |
Institutional accounts only; personal accounts of political office-holders are excluded.
Legislature & Elections
Legislature
| Name | Chamber | Seats | Electoral system |
|---|---|---|---|
| National Assembly of Cape Verde | — | 72 | — |
Economy
Economic overview
stable, middle-income, developing island economy; strong GDP growth led by tourism sector recovery; sustained poverty reduction through PEDS II development plan; high reliance on foreign remittances and aid to finance external debt
Real GDP (purchasing power parity)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2024: $5.2 billion (2024 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $4.848 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $4.6 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2023: $4.848 billion (2023 est.)
Real GDP (purchasing power parity) 2022: $4.6 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Real GDP per capita
Real GDP per capita 2024: $9,900 (2024 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2023: $9,300 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $8,900 (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Real GDP per capita 2023: $9,300 (2023 est.)
Real GDP per capita 2022: $8,900 (2022 est.)
note: note: data in 2021 dollars
GDP - composition, by sector of origin
agriculture: 4.7% (2024 est.)
industry: 10.5% (2024 est.)
services: 69.4% (2024 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
Reference: 2024industry: 10.5% (2024 est.)
services: 69.4% (2024 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to non-allocated consumption not captured in sector-reported data
GDP - composition, by end use
household consumption: 74.7% (2024 est.)
government consumption: 20.7% (2024 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 16% (2024 est.)
investment in inventories: 0% (2024 est.)
exports of goods and services: 41.9% (2024 est.)
imports of goods and services: -53.2% (2024 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Reference: 2024government consumption: 20.7% (2024 est.)
investment in fixed capital: 16% (2024 est.)
investment in inventories: 0% (2024 est.)
exports of goods and services: 41.9% (2024 est.)
imports of goods and services: -53.2% (2024 est.)
note: note: figures may not total 100% due to rounding or gaps in data collection
Agricultural products
sugarcane, tomatoes, coconuts, pulses, goat milk, milk, vegetables, bananas, cabbages, onions (2023)
note: note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Reference: 2023note: note: top ten agricultural products based on tonnage
Industries
food and beverages, fish processing, shoes and garments, salt mining, ship repair
Industrial production growth rate
4.4% (2024 est.)
note: note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Reference: 2024note: note: annual % change in industrial value added based on constant local currency
Labor force
224,500 (2024 est.)
note: note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Reference: 2024note: note: number of people ages 15 or older who are employed or seeking work
Youth unemployment rate (ages 15-24)
total: 28.2% (2024 est.)
male: 24.6% (2024 est.)
female: 33.8% (2024 est.)
note: note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Reference: 2024male: 24.6% (2024 est.)
female: 33.8% (2024 est.)
note: note: % of labor force ages 15-24 seeking employment
Population below poverty line
35.2% (2015 est.)
note: note: % of population with income below national poverty line
Reference: 2015note: note: % of population with income below national poverty line
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income
Gini Index coefficient - distribution of family income 2015: 42.4 (2015 est.)
note: note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
Reference: 2015note: note: index (0-100) of income distribution; higher values represent greater inequality
Household income or consumption by percentage share
lowest 10%: 2.2% (2015 est.)
highest 10%: 32.3% (2015 est.)
note: note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
Reference: 2015highest 10%: 32.3% (2015 est.)
note: note: % share of income accruing to lowest and highest 10% of population
Remittances
Remittances 2024: 12.1% of GDP (2024 est.)
Remittances 2023: 12.5% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2022: 14% of GDP (2022 est.)
note: note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Remittances 2023: 12.5% of GDP (2023 est.)
Remittances 2022: 14% of GDP (2022 est.)
note: note: personal transfers and compensation between resident and non-resident individuals/households/entities
Budget
revenues: $453.182 million (2020 est.)
expenditures: $623.816 million (2020 est.)
note: note: central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Reference: 2020expenditures: $623.816 million (2020 est.)
note: note: central government revenues and expenses (excluding grants/extrabudgetary units/social security funds) converted to US dollars at average official exchange rate for year indicated
Public debt
Public debt 2016: 127.6% of GDP (2016 est.)
Reference: 2016Taxes and other revenues
18.4% (of GDP) (2020 est.)
note: note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
Reference: 2020note: note: central government tax revenue as a % of GDP
Current account balance
Current account balance 2024: $101.072 million (2024 est.)
Current account balance 2023: -$64.439 million (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: -$78.271 million (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Current account balance 2023: -$64.439 million (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: -$78.271 million (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
Exports 2024: $1.158 billion (2024 est.)
Exports 2023: $972.636 million (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $851.907 million (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Exports 2023: $972.636 million (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $851.907 million (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - partners
Spain 46%, Portugal 9%, Togo 7%, Italy 7%, India 6% (2023)
note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Exports - commodities
fish, refined petroleum, railway cargo containers, shellfish, garments (2023)
note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports
Imports 2024: $1.473 billion (2024 est.)
Imports 2023: $1.428 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $1.31 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Imports 2023: $1.428 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $1.31 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - partners
Portugal 29%, Saudi Arabia 11%, Netherlands 9%, Spain 8%, China 7% (2023)
note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Imports - commodities
refined petroleum, aircraft, cars, fish, railway cargo containers (2023)
note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2024: $783.106 million (2024 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $837.881 million (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $729.566 million (2022 est.)
note: note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2023: $837.881 million (2023 est.)
Reserves of foreign exchange and gold 2022: $729.566 million (2022 est.)
note: note: holdings of gold (year-end prices)/foreign exchange/special drawing rights in current dollars
Debt - external
Debt - external 2023: $1.385 billion (2023 est.)
note: note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: present value of external debt in current US dollars
Exchange rates
Currency: Cabo Verdean escudos (CVE) per US dollar -
Exchange rates 2024: 101.922 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 101.805 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 104.863 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 93.218 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020: 96.796 (2020 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Exchange rates 2024: 101.922 (2024 est.)
Exchange rates 2023: 101.805 (2023 est.)
Exchange rates 2022: 104.863 (2022 est.)
Exchange rates 2021: 93.218 (2021 est.)
Exchange rates 2020: 96.796 (2020 est.)
Trade
Current account balance
Current account balance 2024: $101.072 million (2024 est.)
Current account balance 2023: -$64.439 million (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: -$78.271 million (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Current account balance 2023: -$64.439 million (2023 est.)
Current account balance 2022: -$78.271 million (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - net trade and primary/secondary income in current dollars
Exports
Exports 2024: $1.158 billion (2024 est.)
Exports 2023: $972.636 million (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $851.907 million (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Exports 2023: $972.636 million (2023 est.)
Exports 2022: $851.907 million (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - exports of goods and services in current dollars
Exports - partners
Spain 46%, Portugal 9%, Togo 7%, Italy 7%, India 6% (2023)
note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export partners based on percentage share of exports
Exports - commodities
fish, refined petroleum, railway cargo containers, shellfish, garments (2023)
note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five export commodities based on value in dollars
Imports
Imports 2024: $1.473 billion (2024 est.)
Imports 2023: $1.428 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $1.31 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022Imports 2023: $1.428 billion (2023 est.)
Imports 2022: $1.31 billion (2022 est.)
note: note: balance of payments - imports of goods and services in current dollars
Imports - partners
Portugal 29%, Saudi Arabia 11%, Netherlands 9%, Spain 8%, China 7% (2023)
note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import partners based on percentage share of imports
Imports - commodities
refined petroleum, aircraft, cars, fish, railway cargo containers (2023)
note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Reference: 2023note: note: top five import commodities based on value in dollars
Energy & Resources
Electricity
installed generating capacity: 200,000 kW (2023 est.)
consumption: 400 million kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 106 million kWh (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023consumption: 400 million kWh (2023 est.)
transmission/distribution losses: 106 million kWh (2023 est.)
Electricity generation sources
fossil fuels: 71.1% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
solar: 14.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
wind: 14.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023solar: 14.2% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
wind: 14.6% of total installed capacity (2023 est.)
Petroleum
refined petroleum consumption: 5,000 bbl/day (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Energy consumption per capita
Total energy consumption per capita 2023: 19.999 million Btu/person (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Infrastructure
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 60,000 (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 12 (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 12 (2023 est.)
Health
Maternal mortality ratio
40 deaths/100,000 live births (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023Health expenditure
Health expenditure (as % of GDP): 6.9% of GDP (2021)
Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 16.1% of national budget (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022, 2021Health expenditure (as % of national budget): 16.1% of national budget (2022 est.)
Physician density
0.73 physicians/1,000 population (2023)
Reference: 2023Hospital bed density
2 beds/1,000 population (2018 est.)
Reference: 2018Obesity - adult prevalence rate
11.8% (2016)
Reference: 2016Tobacco use
total: 9.8% (2025 est.)
male: 15.3% (2025 est.)
female: 4.5% (2025 est.)
male: 15.3% (2025 est.)
female: 4.5% (2025 est.)
Education
School life expectancy (primary to tertiary education)
total: 13 years (2018 est.)
male: 13 years (2018 est.)
female: 14 years (2018 est.)
Reference: 2018male: 13 years (2018 est.)
female: 14 years (2018 est.)
Rights, Freedoms & Society
Press & Media Freedom
V-Dem expert-coded/modelled source measures. Knelstrom does not create a press-freedom ranking or composite score.
LGBTQ+ Rights & Law
Concrete legal-status fields only; Knelstrom does not generate an LGBTQ rights score or country ranking.
Source: Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory (CC BY-SA 4.0). Community-edited legal-status summary; retrieved by Knelstrom and not legal advice.
Crime & Justice
Legal system
civil law system of Portugal
Judicial branch
highest court(s): Supreme Court of Justice (consists of the chief justice and at least 7 judges and organized into civil, criminal, and administrative sections)
judge selection and term of office: judge appointments - 1 by the president of the republic, 1 elected by the National Assembly, and 3 by the Superior Judicial Council (SJC), a 16-member independent body chaired by the chief justice and includes the attorney general, 8 private citizens, 2 judges, 2 prosecutors, the senior legal inspector of the Attorney General's office, and a representative of the Ministry of Justice; chief justice appointed by the president of the republic from among peers of the Supreme Court of Justice and in consultation with the SJC; judges appointed for life
subordinate courts: appeals courts, first instance (municipal) courts; audit, military, and fiscal and customs courts
judge selection and term of office: judge appointments - 1 by the president of the republic, 1 elected by the National Assembly, and 3 by the Superior Judicial Council (SJC), a 16-member independent body chaired by the chief justice and includes the attorney general, 8 private citizens, 2 judges, 2 prosecutors, the senior legal inspector of the Attorney General's office, and a representative of the Ministry of Justice; chief justice appointed by the president of the republic from among peers of the Supreme Court of Justice and in consultation with the SJC; judges appointed for life
subordinate courts: appeals courts, first instance (municipal) courts; audit, military, and fiscal and customs courts
Military & Security
Military and security forces
Cabo Verdean Armed Forces (FACV): National Guard (GN), Cabo Verde Coast Guard (Guardia Costeira de Cabo Verde, GCCV) (2025)
note: note: the National Police are under the Ministry of Internal Affairs
note: note: the National Police are under the Ministry of Internal Affairs
Military expenditures
Military Expenditures 2024: 0.6% of GDP (2024 est.)
Military Expenditures 2023: 0.6% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military Expenditures 2022: 0.5% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military Expenditures 2021: 0.5% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military Expenditures 2020: 0.5% of GDP (2020 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2023, 2022, 2021Military Expenditures 2023: 0.6% of GDP (2023 est.)
Military Expenditures 2022: 0.5% of GDP (2022 est.)
Military Expenditures 2021: 0.5% of GDP (2021 est.)
Military Expenditures 2020: 0.5% of GDP (2020 est.)
Military and security service personnel strengths
the FACV has approximately 1,000-1,500 active personnel (2025)
Military equipment inventories and acquisitions
the FACV has a limited amount of mostly dated or second-hand equipment, largely from China, some European countries, and the former Soviet Union (2024)
Reference: 2024Military service age and obligation
18-35 years of age for male and female selective compulsory military service; 24-month conscript service obligation; 17 years of age for voluntary service (with parental consent) (2024)
Reference: 2024Military - note
the FACV is responsible for external defense; it also has an internal security role in collaboration with the police if required; its duties include monitoring and patrolling the country's air and maritime spaces, participating in training exercises, conducting search and rescue, countering narcotics and other forms of illicit trafficking, and supporting the police and civil society (2025)
International Relations
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
Diplomatic representation in the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Jose Luis do Livramento MONTEIRO ALVES DE BRITO (since 23 December 2020)
chancery: 3415 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007
telephone: [1] (202) 965-6820
FAX: [1] (202) 965-1207
email address and website: embassy.wdc@mnec.gov.cv
https://www.embcv-usa.gov.cv/
consulate(s) general: Boston
Reference: 2020chancery: 3415 Massachusetts Avenue NW, Washington, DC 20007
telephone: [1] (202) 965-6820
FAX: [1] (202) 965-1207
email address and website: embassy.wdc@mnec.gov.cv
https://www.embcv-usa.gov.cv/
consulate(s) general: Boston
Diplomatic representation from the US
chief of mission: Ambassador Jennifer ADAMS (since 10 September 2024)
embassy: Rua Abilio Macedo 6, Praia
mailing address: 2460 Praia Place, Washington DC 20521-2460
telephone: [238] 260-8900
FAX: [238] 261-1355
email address and website: PraiaConsular@state.gov
https://cv.usembassy.gov/
Reference: 2024embassy: Rua Abilio Macedo 6, Praia
mailing address: 2460 Praia Place, Washington DC 20521-2460
telephone: [238] 260-8900
FAX: [238] 261-1355
email address and website: PraiaConsular@state.gov
https://cv.usembassy.gov/
International organization participation
ACP, AfDB, AOSIS, AU, CD, CPLP, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Treaties & Organisations
| Organisation | Status | Joined |
|---|---|---|
| African Union (AU) | member | — |
| United Nations (UN) | member | 1975-09-16 |
| World Trade Organization (WTO) | member | — |
International law organization participation
has not submitted an ICJ jurisdiction declaration; accepts ICCt jurisdiction
International organization participation
ACP, AfDB, AOSIS, AU, CD, CPLP, ECOWAS, FAO, G-77, IAEA, IBRD, ICAO, ICCt (signatory), ICRM, IDA, IFAD, IFC, IFRCS, ILO, IMF, IMO, Interpol, IOC, IOM, IPU, ITSO, ITU, ITUC (NGOs), MIGA, NAM, OIF, OPCW, UN, UNCTAD, UNESCO, UNIDO, Union Latina, UNWTO, UPU, WCO, WHO, WIPO, WMO, WTO
Conflict & Security
Refugees and internally displaced persons
stateless persons: 115 (2024 est.)
Reference: 2024Trafficking in persons
tier rating: Tier 2 Watch List — Cabo Verde did not demonstrate overall increasing efforts to eliminate trafficking compared with the previous reporting period and was downgraded to Tier 2 Watch List; for more details, go to: https://www.state.gov/reports/2025-trafficking-in-persons-report/cabo-verde/
Transportation & Logistics
Civil aircraft registration country code prefix
D4
Airports
10 (2025)
Merchant marine
total: 44 (2023)
by type: general cargo 14, oil tanker 2, other 28
Reference: 2023by type: general cargo 14, oil tanker 2, other 28
Ports
total ports: 2 (2024)
large: 0
medium: 0
small: 1
very small: 1
ports with oil terminals: 1
key ports: Porto da Praia, Porto Grande
Reference: 2024large: 0
medium: 0
small: 1
very small: 1
ports with oil terminals: 1
key ports: Porto da Praia, Porto Grande
Environment
Environmental issues
deforestation due to demand for firewood; water shortages; droughts; desertification; soil erosion; illegal beach sand extraction; overfishing
International environmental agreements
party to: Biodiversity, Climate Change, Climate Change-Kyoto Protocol, Climate Change-Paris Agreement, Comprehensive Nuclear Test Ban, Desertification, Endangered Species, Environmental Modification, Hazardous Wastes, Law of the Sea, Marine Dumping-London Convention, Nuclear Test Ban, Ozone Layer Protection, Ship Pollution, Wetlands
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
signed, but not ratified: none of the selected agreements
Climate
temperate; warm, dry summer; precipitation meager and erratic
Land use
agricultural land: 19.6% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 12.4% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 1% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 6.2% (2023 est.)
forest: 12.4% (2023 est.)
other: 68% (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023agricultural land: arable land: arable land: 12.4% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent crops: permanent crops: 1% (2023 est.)
agricultural land: permanent pasture: permanent pasture: 6.2% (2023 est.)
forest: 12.4% (2023 est.)
other: 68% (2023 est.)
Urbanization
urban population: 68% of total population (2023)
rate of urbanization: 1.83% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Reference: 2023, 2020rate of urbanization: 1.83% annual rate of change (2020-25 est.)
Carbon dioxide emissions
total emissions: 714,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
from petroleum and other liquids: 714,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023from petroleum and other liquids: 714,000 metric tonnes of CO2 (2023 est.)
Particulate matter emissions
27.4 micrograms per cubic meter (2019 est.)
Reference: 2019Waste and recycling
municipal solid waste generated annually: 132,600 tons (2024 est.)
percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 17.4% (2022 est.)
Reference: 2024, 2022percent of municipal solid waste recycled: 17.4% (2022 est.)
Total water withdrawal
municipal: 155.895 million cubic meters (2022)
industrial: 5.614 million cubic meters (2022)
agricultural: 103.217 million cubic meters (2022)
Reference: 2022industrial: 5.614 million cubic meters (2022)
agricultural: 103.217 million cubic meters (2022)
Total renewable water resources
300 million cubic meters (2022 est.)
Reference: 2022Communications & Media
Telephones - fixed lines
total subscriptions: 60,000 (2023 est.)
subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 12 (2023 est.)
Reference: 2023subscriptions per 100 inhabitants: 12 (2023 est.)
Broadcast media
state-run TV and radio network, plus a growing number of private broadcasters; Portuguese public TV and radio services for Africa are available; transmissions of a few international broadcasters are available (2019)
Reference: 2019Internet country code
.cv
Historical Trends
Population
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View Population data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | 512,554 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | 512,893 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | 513,415 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | 514,104 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | 514,679 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | 516,649 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | 519,741 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | 522,331 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 524,877 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | 527,326 | world_bank_wdi |
GDP (current US$)
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View GDP (current US$) data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | $1,849,789,986 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | $1,996,741,540 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | $2,205,099,507 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | $2,252,177,124 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | $1,821,565,614 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | $2,051,842,619 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | $2,247,003,344 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | $2,504,525,538 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | $2,713,721,857 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | $3,056,630,435 | world_bank_wdi |
International migrant stock (immigrants)
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View International migrant stock (immigrants) data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2020 | 15,788 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | 16,515 | world_bank_wdi |
International emigrant stock
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View International emigrant stock data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 1990 | 51,800 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 1995 | 63,673 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2000 | 76,121 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2005 | 92,475 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2010 | 99,281 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2015 | 116,450 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2020 | 133,491 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
| 2024 | 146,396 | un_migrant_stock_2024 |
Net migration
Source: World Bank WDI. Historical observations shown by reference period.
View Net migration data table
| Period | Value | Source |
|---|---|---|
| 2016 | -6,004 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2017 | -5,550 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2018 | -4,679 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2019 | -4,001 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2020 | -3,362 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2021 | 0 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2022 | -1,253 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2023 | -1,226 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2024 | -1,209 | world_bank_wdi |
| 2025 | -1,284 | world_bank_wdi |
Sources & Methodology
Current statistical observations include their reference period and provenance. Reference fields from approved source datasets are attributed below. Missing information is left unknown rather than inferred.
| Indicator | Value | Period | Source | Status |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Population | 527,326 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| UN Population Division population estimate | 529,630 | 2026 | UN Population Division Data Portal | Estimated |
| Wikidata population (fallback) | 555,988 | 2020 | Wikidata | Reported |
| International migrant stock (immigrants) | 16,515 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| International migrant stock | 3.1% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| International emigrant stock | 146,396 | 2024 | UN DESA International Migrant Stock 2024 | Estimated |
| Net migration | -1,284 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Refugees from this country | 15 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Asylum seekers from this country | 79 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Freedom of expression & alternative information index | 0.857 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Government censorship effort — media | 1.371 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Harassment of journalists | 1.881 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Print/broadcast media critical of government | 1.263 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Range of perspectives in major media | 1.700 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Media bias | 1.537 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Media self-censorship | 0.523 | 2025 | Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem) Country-Year Dataset v16 | Estimated |
| Same-sex sexual activity | Yes Legal since 1 March 2004; + UN decl. sign. | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Recognition of same-sex relationships | No | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Same-sex marriage | No | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Same-sex adoption | No | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| Sexual-orientation anti-discrimination law | Yes Bans some anti-gay discrimination | current | Wikipedia — LGBTQ rights by country or territory | Reported |
| GDP (current US$) | $3,056,630,435 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| GDP per capita (current US$) | $5,796 | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| GDP growth | 6.3% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Inflation, consumer prices | 2.3% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Unemployment | 11.9% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Income level | Upper middle income | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Life expectancy at birth | 76.2 years | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Fertility rate | 1.5 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Urban population | 77.6% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Individuals using the Internet | 74.7% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Exports of goods and services | 42.0% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Imports of goods and services | 53.4% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Trade | 95.3% | 2025 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Adult literacy rate | 88.5% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Secondary school enrolment, gross | 96.4% | 2022 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Government education expenditure | 4.3% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Access to electricity | 98.4% | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Renewable energy consumption | 21.8% | 2022 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Current health expenditure | 5.8% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Infant mortality rate | 10.6 per 1,000 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Forest area | 11.6% | 2023 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Mobile cellular subscriptions | 111.8 per 100 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Fixed broadband subscriptions | 8.3 per 100 | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Secure Internet servers | 857 per million | 2024 | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Latitude | 14.9218° | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Longitude | -23.5087° | current | World Bank — World Development Indicators | Verified |
| Latitude (Wikidata) | 15.3000° | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Longitude (Wikidata) | -23.7000° | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Time zone | Cape Verde Time, UTC−01:00, Atlantic/Cape_Verde | current | Wikidata | Reported |
| Form of government | parliamentary republic | current | Wikidata | Reported |
Data attribution
Credits below are generated from sources actually used by this country profile. Source-specific terms take precedence.
- CIA World Factbook, final 2025 country profile (structured via factbook.json). Accessed September 20, 2026. U.S. Government public-domain data; retained as a reference source where a newer approved field is not available. Source · Terms/licence
- United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, International Migrant Stock 2024; data access/processing via Our World in Data. Accessed September 20, 2026. Underlying UN dataset used under CC BY 3.0 IGO. Source · Terms/licence
- United Nations, Department of Economic and Social Affairs, Population Division, World Population Prospects (WPP indicator 49) Accessed September 19, 2026. Used under CC BY 3.0 IGO; current-year WPP population values are presented as estimates/projections where applicable. Source · Terms/licence
- Varieties of Democracy (V-Dem), Country-Year Dataset v16 (variables: v2mebias, v2mecenefm, v2mecrit, v2meharjrn, v2merange, v2meslfcen, v2x_freexp_altinf) Accessed September 20, 2026. Used under CC BY-SA 4.0; V-Dem measures are expert-coded/modelled and no V-Dem endorsement is implied. Source · Terms/licence
- Wikidata structured data (CC0). Accessed September 20, 2026. Attribution is provided by Knelstrom for provenance although CC0 does not require it. Source · Terms/licence
- Wikipedia, “LGBTQ rights by country or territory” (source revision/data fields: Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Recognition of same-sex relationships, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex adoption, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex marriage, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Same-sex sexual activity, Wikipedia revision 1374406645 — Sexual-orientation anti-discrimination law) Accessed September 20, 2026. Used under CC BY-SA 4.0. Knelstrom changes formatting and presents the imported material as a community-edited legal-status summary, not legal advice or a Knelstrom rights score. Source · Terms/licence
- World Bank, World Development Indicators (series: AG.LND.FRST.ZS, country_metadata, EG.ELC.ACCS.ZS, EG.FEC.RNEW.ZS, FP.CPI.TOTL.ZG, IT.CEL.SETS.P2, IT.NET.BBND.P2, IT.NET.SECR.P6, IT.NET.USER.ZS, NE.EXP.GNFS.ZS, NE.IMP.GNFS.ZS, NE.TRD.GNFS.ZS, NY.GDP.MKTP.CD, NY.GDP.MKTP.KD.ZG, NY.GDP.PCAP.CD, SE.ADT.LITR.ZS, SE.SEC.ENRR, SE.XPD.TOTL.GD.ZS, SH.XPD.CHEX.GD.ZS, SL.UEM.TOTL.ZS, SM.POP.ASYS.EO, SM.POP.NETM, SM.POP.RHCR.EO, SM.POP.TOTL, SM.POP.TOTL.ZS, SP.DYN.IMRT.IN, SP.DYN.LE00.IN, SP.DYN.TFRT.IN, SP.POP.TOTL, SP.URB.TOTL.IN.ZS) Accessed September 20, 2026. Data used under CC BY 4.0; Knelstrom presentation/formatting may differ from the source. Source · Terms/licence
Knelstrom does not imply endorsement by any listed data provider.
Last automated statistical refresh: 2026-09-20 02:05:13